medicinal treatment referred to as urine therapy . The bloodureanitrogen BUN test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. It is used as a marker of renal function ... processes, the most notable one being nitrogen excretion. Urea is widely used in fertilizer s as a convenient source of nitrogen. Urea is also an important raw material for the chemical industry . The synthesis ... by N acetylglutamate . Urea is found dissolved in blood in the reference ranges for blood tests reference .... Besides its role as carrier of waste nitrogen, urea also plays a role in the countercurrent exchange .... The equivalent nitrogen content in gram of urea in Mole unit mmol can be estimated by the conversion ... for use as a nitrogen release fertilizer. Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid ... rain to minimize losses from ammonia volatilization from urea volatilization process wherein nitrogen ... of the high nitrogen concentration in urea, it is very important to achieve an even spread. The application ... by the hydrolysis of the urea reacts with the nitrogen oxide emissions and is converted into nitrogen ... dermatitis . High concentrations in the blood can be damaging. Ingestion of low concentrations of urea ... Use of urea in hand dyeing E number infobox 920 929 Category Nitrogen metabolism Category Ureas ... Urea 3D balls.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 Urea 3D vdW.png ImageSizeR1 100px TUPACName Amino methanamide ... br Urea phosphate Urea or carbamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula carbon C oxygen O nitrogen N hydrogen H sub 2 sub sub 2 sub . The molecule has two NH sub 2 sub groups joined by a carbonyl C O functional group . Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen containing substance in the urine of mammal s. It is solid ... thus contradicting a theory widely prevalent at one time, called vitalism . The terms urea and carbamide ... s, carbamate s, carbodiimide s, and thiocarbamide s. History Urea was first discovered in urine ... more details
nitrogen is as a refrigerant . Among other things, it is used in the cryopreservation of blood, reproductive ...pp move indef Infobox nitrogenNitrogen IPAc en icon n a t r d n respell NY tr jin is a chemical ... u . Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard ... nitrogen was discovered as a separable component of air, by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford ... propellant s and explosive s , and cyanide s, contain nitrogen. The extremely strong bond in elemental nitrogen dominates nitrogen chemistry, causing difficulty for both organisms and industry in breaking ... back into nitrogen gas. Nitrogen occurs in all living organisms, and the nitrogen cycle describes ... Gray and also key pollutants in causing the eutrophication of water systems. Nitrogen is a constituent ... molecules produced by many organisms. The human body contains about 3 by weight of nitrogen, a larger fraction than all elements save oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. History Nitrogen is formally .... Nitrogen was also studied at about the same time by Carl Wilhelm Scheele , Henry Cavendish , and Joseph Priestley , who referred to it as burnt air or Phlogiston theory phlogisticated air . Nitrogen .... Lavoisier s name for nitrogen is used in many languages French, Polish, Russian, etc. and still ... ion. The English word nitrogen 1794 entered the language ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?term nitrogennitrogen . Etymonline.com. Retrieved on 2011 10 26. ref from the French nitrog ne ... was that nitrogen gas is the essential part of nitric acid, in turn formed from saltpetre potassium ... salts that did not contain nitrate, and is a cognate of natron . Nitrogen compounds were well known ... of nitrogen compounds used saltpetre sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate , most notably in gunpowder ... that an electrical discharge in nitrogen gas produced active nitrogen , an allotrope considered ... activen index.html Lord Rayleigh s Active Nitrogen . Lateralscience.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011 ... more details
feed blocks beside the use of medicated blocks on growth, efficiency, carcass traits, blood metabolites ... results the use of urea molasses mineral blocks and medicated urea molasses mineral blocks is recommended ... feed blocks beside the use of medicated blocks on growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites ... on Haematological and Biochemical Blood Parameters in Boer Goats. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 6 1264 ... more details
Urea phosphate is an organic compound of carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen , oxygen and phosphorus . Its formula is CO NH sub 2 sub sub 2 sub .H sub 3 sub PO sub 4 sub . It is made by reacting urea with phosphoric acid . It is sometimes used as a fertilizer as such, its NPK formula is 17 44 0. It is soluble in water, and produces a strongly acidic solution. Urea phosphate is sometimes added to blends which contain calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate to produce water soluble formulas such as 15 5 15, 13 2 20, and 13 2 13. The acidity of urea phosphate allows calcium Ca , magnesium Mg and phosphorus P to co exist in solution. Under less acidic conditions, there would be precipitation of Ca Mg phosphate s. Urea phosphate is often used in Drip irrigation to clean the pipe system. External links Category Nitrogen compounds Category Phosphates Category Ureas Organic compound stub zh ... more details
An urea transporter is a membrane transport protein , transporting urea . Humans and other mammals have two types of urea transport proteins, UT A and UT B. The UT A proteins are important for renal urea handling and are produced by alternative splicing of the SLC14A2 gene. ref Cite pmid 18256317 ref Urea transport in the kidney is regulated by vasopressin . ref Cite pmid 21686211 ref The structure of a urea transport family protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was determined by x ray crystallography . ref Cite pmid 19865084 ref The structure has a pathway through the membrane that is similar to that of ion channel proteins, accounting for the ability of urea transport proteins to move up to one million urea molecules per second across the membrane. Types In mammals, there are two urea transporter ... and Mark A. Knepper UT A1 Urea transporter 1 redirects here Urea transporter A1 transports urea ... up to 40 of the original filtered load of urea. ref name Robert A. Fenton and Mark A. Knepper cite journal author Fenton RA, Knepper MA title Urea and renal function in the 21st century insights ... March pmid 17251384 doi 10.1681 ASN.2006101108 ref UT A2 Urea transporter 2 redirects here Urea Transporter 2 transports urea across the apical membrane into the luminal space of cells in the thin descending loop of Henle of the kidneys . ref name Robert A. Fenton and Mark A. Knepper UT A3 Urea transporter 3 redirects here Urea transporter 3 transports urea into the interstitium of the Inner Medullary Collecting Duct. ref name nature cite journal title Urea transporter UT A journal Nature molecule page year 2005 doi 10.1038 mp.a002589.01 author Fenton RA volume 18 pages 679 ref UT A4 Urea transporter 4 redirects here Urea transporter 4 has been detected in rat but not mouse kidney medulla. ref name nature UT A5 Urea transporter 5 is not expressed in the kidney but in the testis. ref name ... kidney , intestine , ref Cite pmid 19926813 ref and at the blood brain barrier . ref Cite pmid 19179540 ... more details
enzyme Name urea carboxylase EC number 6.3.4.6 CAS number 9058 98 4 IUBMB EC number 6 3 4 6 GO code 0004847 image width caption In enzymology , an urea carboxylase EC number 6.3.4.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP urea HCO sub 3 sub math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate urea 1 carboxylate The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , urea , and HCO3 , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , and urea 1 carboxylate allophanate . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming generic carbon nitrogen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is urea carbon dioxide ligase ADP forming . Other names in common use include urease ATP hydrolysing , urea carboxylase hydrolysing , ATP urea amidolyase , urea amidolyase , UALase , and UCA . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , biotin . See also Allophanate hydrolase References reflist 1 cite journal author Roon RJ and Levenberg B date 1970 title ATP Urea amidolyase ADP Candida utilis journal Methods Enzymol. volume 17A pages 317&ndash 324 cite journal author Roon RJ, Levenberg B date 1972 title Urea amidolyase. I. Properties of the enzyme from Candida utilis journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 4107&ndash 13 pmid 4556303 issue 13 cite journal author Sumrada RA, Cooper TG date 1982 title Urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase are components of a multifunctional protein in yeast journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 257 pages 9119&ndash 27 pmid 6124544 issue 15 cite journal author Kanamori T, Kanou N, Atomi H, Imanaka T date 2004 title Enzymatic characterization of a prokaryotic urea carboxylase journal J. Bacteriol. volume 186 pages 2532&ndash 9 pmid 15090492 doi 10.1128 JB.186.9.2532 2539.2004 issue 9 pmc 387783 ligase stub Category EC 6.3.4 Category Biotin enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 401985436 ImageFile Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png ImageFile Diazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png ImageSize IUPACName Correct new structure 1,3 bis hydroxymethyl 1 1,3,4 tris hydroxymethyl 2,5 dioxoimidazolidin 4 yl urea br Erroneous old structure 1 1,3 bis hydroxymethyl 2,5 dioxoimidazolidin 4 yl 1,3 bis hydroxymethyl urea OtherNames Diazolidinylurea br Germall II Section1 ... 352 333 313 321 363 501 Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds Imidazolidinyl urea Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics . It is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way. Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser . It is used in many ... bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents. Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben . Commercial diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde ... last5 Kreilgaard year 2006 title Characterization and chemistry of imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea journal Cont. Dermat. volume 54 issue 1 pages 50 58 doi 10.1111 j.0105 1873.2006.00735.x pmid 16426294 postscript None . ref Chemistry Synthesis Diazolidinyl urea is produced by the chemical ... Image Allantoin chemical structure.png 150px Allantoin 4 H sub 2 sub C O Image Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Diazolidinyl urea Structure Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until ... that the hydroxymethyl functional group of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon , not the nitrogen atom ref name structure align center valign middle Image Diazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Diazolidinyl urea correct new structure Image Diazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png 200px Diazolidinyl urea erroneous old structure align center Hoeck structure previous structure Safety Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis . ref name NIEHS http ... data NTP NIEHS ref Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea. References reflist ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 443869604 ImageFile Imidazolidinyl urea correct formula.png ImageFile1 Imidazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png ImageSize IUPACName small u Correct u new structure upper pic. br ... urea br u Erroneous u old structure lower pic. br 1,1 methylenebis 3 span style color red 3 span hydroxymethyl 2,5 dioxoimidazolidin 4 yl urea small Citation needed date February 2010 OtherNames Imidurea ... 4 yl urea Note Other forms of numbering of this exist, but are mostly more differing from IUPAC ... of urea, and http www.acdlabs.com iupac nomenclature 93 r93 171.htm for numbering of the complete ... 4 yl carbamoylamino methyl urea Source http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid ... Autoignition Refimprove date February 2010 Imidazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics Citation needed date February 2010 . It is chemically related to diazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way. Imidazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser . Safety Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis . ref name NIEHS http ntp.niehs.nih.gov ... ref Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea . Chemistry Imidazolidinyl urea was poorly ... to the carbon , not the nitrogen atom ref name structure cite journal author Lehmann SV, Hoeck ... urea and diazolidinyl urea journal Contact Dermatitis volume 54 issue 1 pages 50 58 location ... j.0105 1873.2006.00735.x ref align center valign middle Image Imidazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Imidazolidinyl urea correct new structure Image Imidazolidinyl urea erroneous formula.png 200px Imidazolidinyl urea erroneous old structure align center Correct new structure Erroneous old structure Synthesis Imidazolidinyl urea is produced by the chemical reaction of allantoin and formaldehyde ... 150px Allantoin 3 H sub 2 sub C O Image Imidazolidinyl urea correct formula.png 200px Imidazolidinyl urea Commercial imidazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products ... more details
The urea cycle also known as the ornithine cycle is a cycle of biochemistry biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces ureanitrogen N hydrogen H sub 2 sub sub 2 sub carbon C oxygen ... product urea at the cost of four high energy phosphate bonds 3 ATP hydrolyzed to 2 ADP and one AMP . Ornithine is the carrier of these carbon and nitrogen atoms. class wikitable Reactions of the urea ... s, and so will be recycled to aspartate , maintained the flow of nitrogen into the urea cycle ... DEFAULTSORT Urea Cycle Category Urea cycle Category Nitrogen metabolism ar bg ... Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932 , five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle . In mammals , the urea ..., like urea or uric acid , which are much less toxic. Insufficiency of the urea cycle occurs ... to hepatic encephalopathy . Reactions The urea cycle consists of five reactions two mitochondria l ... Argininosuccinate lyase ASL cytosol 5 Arginine Arg H sub 2 sub O ornithine urea Arginase 1 ARG1 cytosol blockquote The reactions of the urea cycle Image Urea cycle.svg thumb 480px left 1 small L small ... br 6 small L small arginine br 7 urea br small L small Asp small L small aspartate br CPS 1 carbamoyl ... sub 2 sub water H sub 2 sub O . Thus, the overall equation of the urea cycle is ammonia NH sub 3 sub carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub aspartate 3 Adenosine triphosphate ATP 2 water H sub 2 sub O urea fumarate ... ammonia NH sub 3 sub carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub 3 Adenosine triphosphate ATP water H sub 2 sub O urea ... related to the urea cycle also cause the oxidation of 2 NADH , so the urea cycle releases slightly ... production of one high energy phosphate bond for the urea cycle. However, if gluconeogenesis is underway ... to memorize the Urea Cycle is to remember the mnemonic phrase Ordinarily Careless Crappers Are Also ..., Fumarate, Arginine, Urea . Regulation N Acetylglutamic acid The synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and the urea cycle are dependent on the presence of NAcGlu , which allosterically activates CPS1 ... more details
strength, molding electrical devices, molding jar caps, etc. Agricultural use Urea formaldehyde is also used in agriculture as a controlled release source of nitrogen fertilizer. Urea formaldehyde s rate ...Image UreaFormaldehydeResin01.png right Urea formaldehyde , also known as urea methanal , named so for its ... non transparent thermosetting resin or plastic , made from urea and formaldehyde heated in the presence ..., Medium density fibreboard MDF , and molded objects. Properties Urea formaldehyde resin s attributes ... properties. Production There is approximately 1 million metric tons of urea formaldehyde produced ... 5 , and laminating adhesive 7 . General uses File A selection of urea formaldehyde objects at the science museum.JPG thumb right A range of objects made from urea formaldehyde Urea Formaldehyde is everywhere ... , corduroy , etc. It is also used to glue wood together. Urea formaldehyde was commonly used when ... resin due to its high reactivity, good performance, and low price. Urea formaldehyde resin is a chemical combination of urea and formaldehyde. Amino resins are considered a class of thermosetting resins of which urea formaldehyde resins make up 80 produced globally. Examples of amino resins include ... in most soils. The activity of these microbes, and, therefore, the rate of nitrogen release, is temperature dependent. The optimum temperature for microbe activity is approximately 70 90 F. Urea formaldehyde foam insulation Urea formaldehyde foam insulation UFFI can make a great synthetic insulation ... air pressure of up to 100 pounds per square inch. Safety concerns Urea formaldehyde foam insulation .... The urea formaldehyde emissions decline over time and significant levels should no longer ... and would require a replacement insulation installation. Health effects Health effects of Urea Formaldehyde are put into effect when the elevated level is reached. Urea formaldehyde releases formaldehyde ... Reflist http www.plastiquarian.com uf.htm Urea formaldehyde Plastics Historical Society http www.cmhc ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 426796341 ImageFile Urea nitrate.png ImageName Structural formulae of the ions in urea nitrate ImageFile1 Urea nitrate 3D balls.png ImageSize1 220px ImageName1 Ball and stick models of the ions in urea nitrate IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo PubChem SMILES Section2 Chembox Properties Formula CH sub 5 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 123.068 g mol Appearance Density 1.59 g cc MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Urea nitrate is a fertilizer based high explosive that has been used in improvised explosive device s in Israel , Iraq , and various other terrorism acts elsewhere in the world, like the 1993 World Trade Center bombings . ref name wired cite web url http blog.wired.com wiredscience 2007 09 spray on test f.html title Chem Lab Spray On Test for Improvised Explosives author Aaron Rowe publisher Wired ref It has a destructive power similar to better known ammonium nitrate explosives, with a velocity of detonation between convert 11155 ft s m s abbr on and convert 15420 ft s m s abbr on . ref name globalsecurity cite web url http www.globalsecurity.org military systems munitions explosives anfo.htm title Explosives ANFO Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil publisher GlobalSecurity.org ref Production is by nitration of urea using nitric acid . This is an exothermic reaction, so steps must be taken to control the temperature. Presence of sulfuric acid during the nitration catalyzes the reaction, although this is not necessary. ref name globalsecurity Urea nitrate explosions may be initiated using a blasting cap. ref name globalsecurity Chemistry Urea contains a Carbonyl carbonyl group ... urea nitrate. As an ionic compound urea nitrate is highly soluble in water. NH sub 2 sub ... G, Shloosh Y, Abramovich Bar S, Wolf E, Tamiri T title Recovery and detection of urea nitrate in traces ... doi 10.1111 j.1556 4029.2007.00551.x url cite journal author Mr.X title Improvised Urea Nitrate journal ... more details
Nitrogen balance is the measure of nitrogen output subtracted from nitrogen input. ref name urlDefinition nitrogen balance from Online Medical Dictionary cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?nitrogen balance title Definition nitrogen balance from Online Medical Dictionary format work accessdate ref Bloodureanitrogen can be used in estimating nitrogen balance, as can the urea concentration in urine. A positive value is often found during periods of growth, tissue repair or pregnancy. This means that the intake of nitrogen into the body is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the total body pool of protein. A negative value can be associated with burns, fevers, wasting diseases and other serious injuries and during periods of fasting. This means that the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen ingested. ref name urlVII. Monitoring Nutrition Therapy cite web url http healthlinks.washington.edu nutrition section7.html title VII. Monitoring Nutrition Therapy format work accessdate ref It can be used in the evaluation of malnutrition. ref name pmid18403920 cite journal author Barbosa Silva MC title Subjective and objective nutritional assessment methods what do they really assess? journal Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care volume 11 issue 3 pages 248 54 year 2008 month May pmid 18403920 doi 10.1097 MCO.0b013e3282fba5d7 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?an 00075197 200805000 00010 ref See also Biological value Net protein utilization Protein efficiency ratio Protein digestibility Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score References reflist Category Nitrogen bg de Stickstoffbilanz ... more details
. Ammonia and urea are released into the water by excretion from plankton. Nitrogen sources are removed ...Image Nitrogen Cycle.svg thumb 320px Schematic representation of the flow of nitrogen through the environment ..., providing different forms of nitrogen compounds assimilable by higher organisms. The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This transformation ... in the nitrogen cycle include nitrogen fixation fixation , mineralization biology mineralization , nitrification , and denitrification . The majority of Earth s atmosphere approximately 78 is nitrogen ... books?id aM4W9e5nmsoC&pg PA93 ref making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen ... . Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle. A 2011 study has cast doubt on the traditional model of the nitrogen cycle described below nitrogen from rocks ... 09 06 140206913 discovery forces scientists to rethink nitrogen title Nitrogen Study Could Rock A Plant s World date 2011 09 06 accessdate 2011 10 22 ref Ecological function Nitrogen is essential for many ... . In plants , much of the nitrogen is used in chlorophyll molecules, which are essential for photosynthesis ... of nitrogen, most is relatively unusable by plants. ref Nitrogen The Essential Element. Nancy ... Chemical processing, or natural nitrogen fixation fixation through processes such as bacterial conversion see rhizobium , are necessary to convert gaseous nitrogen into forms usable by living organisms, which makes nitrogen a crucial component of food production. The abundance or scarcity of this fixed form of nitrogen, also known as reactive nitrogen , dictates how much food can be grown on a piece ... more details
Reactive nitrogen is a term used for a variety of nitrogen gases that are highly reactive, such as NOx nitrogen oxides NO sub x sub , ammonia NH sub 3 sub , nitrous oxide N sub 2 sub O , nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup , urea , and organic N compounds. These gases are produced by agricultural activities, such as manure spreading, and energy production , such as combustion of fossil fuels . Reactive nitrogen can cause serious air pollution problems. Environmental effects Nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup in drinking water is harmful to human health, as are excessive concentrations of nitrogen dioxide NO sub 2 sub , ozone O sub 3 sub , in the formation of which oxides of nitrogen NO sub x sub are heavily implicated and fine particulate matter ammonia NH sub 3 sub and NO sub x sub are important precursors of secondary aerosols . Nitrous oxide N sub 2 sub O and O3 contribute to the greenhouse effect and natural ecosystems are stressed by excessive acid and nitrogen NH sub 3 sub en NO sub x sub Deposition aerosol physics deposition and excessive concentrations of NO sub 3 sub sup sup , NO sub 2 sub , NH sub 3 sub and O sub 3 sub , leading to a loss of biodiversity . ref http international.vrom.nl pagina.html?id 37594 ref The nitrogen compounds involved are reactive, and can be transformed into one another. A given N containing molecule can in fact contribute successively to different environmental problems, this is referred to as the cascade effect . Reactive forms of nitrogen are also often readily soluble in water and or occur in the gas phase, making them very mobile. As a consequence, an excess of Nr can have an impact on the environment relatively quickly. This also means that nitrogen ... t yLQfgTrI4C&pg PA444 title Nitrogen in the environment sources, problems, and management publisher ... url http books.google.com ?id MfaZPURYelgC title Reactive nitrogen in the environment too much ..., Woods Hole Research Center Woods author6 , Mass author7 Initiative, International Nitrogen year ... more details
Nitrogen fixation is the natural process, either biological or abiotic, by which nitrogen N sub 2 sub ... book author Postgate, J year 1998 title Nitrogen Fixation, 3rd Edition publisher Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK ref This process is essential for life because fixed nitrogen is required to biosynthesis ... acid s for protein s. Nitrogen fixation also refers to other biological conversions of nitrogen, such as its conversion to nitrogen dioxide . Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are bacteria called ... symbioses with diazotrophs. Nitrogen fixation also occurs as a result of non biological processes. These include ... bto microbes nitrogen.htm ref Biological nitrogen fixation was discovered by the German agronomist Hermann Hellriegel and Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck . Biological nitrogen fixation linked from Biological nitrogen fixation File Nitrogen Cycle.jpg thumb 320px right Schematic representation of the nitrogen cycle . Abiotic nitrogen fixation has been omitted. Biological nitrogen fixation BNF occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase ... postgate Many nitrogen fixing organisms exist only in anaerobic conditions, respiring to draw down ... that fix nitrogen diazotrophs Cyanobacteria Azotobacteraceae Rhizobia Frankia Nitrogen fixation ... , Gram positive soil bacteria induce the formation of nitrogen fixing nodules in actinorhizal plant s. ref name MoirJWB cite book author Moir, JWB editor year 2011 title Nitrogen cycling in bacteria Molecular analysis publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 86 8 ref Nitrogen fixation ... in the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the biosphere . In general, cyanobacteria are able to utilize a variety of inorganic and organic sources of combined nitrogen, like nitrate , nitrite , ammonium , urea , or some amino acids . Several cyanobacterial strains are also capable of diazotroph ic growth. Genome sequencing has provided a large amount of information on the genetic basis of nitrogen metabolism ... more details
File Liquidnitrogen.jpg thumb Liquid nitrogen File Nitrogen.ogg thumb Air balloon submerged into liquid nitrogen Image Nitrogen ice cream 0020.jpg thumb MIT students preparing homemade ice cream with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at a very low temperature. It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air . Liquid nitrogen is a colourless clear liquid ... ltr2 access.php?file pdf dielectric constants.pdf ref Liquid nitrogen is often referred to by the abbreviation ... nitrogen boils at 77K 196 C 321 F and is a cryogenics cryogenic fluid which can cause rapid freezing ... insulated from ambient heat , liquid nitrogen can be stored and transported, for example in vacuum ..., resulting in the evolution of nitrogen gas. Depending on the size and design, the holding time of vacuum flasks ranges from a few hours to a few weeks. Liquid nitrogen can easily be converted to the solid ... bath for rapid freezing in electron microscopy. Journal of Microscopy 101, 103 105. ref Liquid nitrogen freezes at convert 63 K 0 . Despite its reputation, liquid nitrogen s efficiency as a coolant is limited ... in insulating nitrogen gas. This effect, known as the Leidenfrost effect , applies to any liquid ... by plunging an object into a slush of liquid and solid nitrogen than into liquid nitrogen alone. Nitrogen was first liquefied at the Jagiellonian University on 15 April 1883 by Polish physicists ... nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of nitrogen gas without pressurization. Further ... of very dry nitrogen gas for the immersion freezing and transportation of food products for the cryopreservation of blood , reproductive cells sperm and Ovum egg , and other biology biological samples ... smooth ice cream. ref http www.101cookbooks.com archives 001366.html Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream Recipe , March 7, 2006 ref Safety File Liquid Nitrogen Tank.JPG thumb Filling a liquid nitrogen Dewar flask Dewar from a storage tank Since the liquid to gas expansion ratio of nitrogen is 1 694 at 20C, a tremendous ... more details
saved book title Nitrogen subtitle An overview cover image Nitrogen glow.jpg cover color Nitrogen An overview Overview Nitrogen Isotopes Isotopes of nitrogen Miscellany Nitrogen cycle Human impact on the nitrogen cycle Liquid nitrogenNitrogen fixation Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Nitrogen Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
, and between disinfecting chlorine and urea in urine from bathers . Nitrogen trichloride, trademarked ... Chembox Related OtherAnions Nitrogen trifluoride br Nitrogen tribromide br Nitrogen triiodide OtherCations ... br Dichloramine OtherCpds Nitrosyl chloride Nitrogen trichloride , also known as trichloramine , is the chemical ... electronegativity electronegativities are very similar for nitrogen 3.04 and chlorine 3.16 . Nitrogen ... reactive compound. The nitrogen in NCl sub 3 sub is often considered to have the 3 oxidation state ... acid . NCl sub 3 sub 3 H sub 2 sub O &rarr NH sub 3 sub 3 HOCl Safety Nitrogen trichloride can irritate ... 639 agene and bread cite journal title Structure of Solide Nitrogen Trichloride 125 C author Hartl ..., Nuclear Quadruple Coupling Constant and Dipole Moment of Nitrogen Trichloride from Microwave ... year 1974 volume 50 issue 1 3 pages 82 doi 10.1016 0022 2852 74 90219 7 cite journal title Nitrogen chlorine compounds Infrared spectra and Raman spectra of nitrogen trichloride author Bayersdo, L ... dts chemicalsampling data CH 257450.html OSHA Nitrogen trichloride DEFAULTSORT Nitrogen Trichloride Category Inorganic amines Category Chlorides Category Nitrogen halides Category Inorganic ... pt Tricloreto de nitrog nio ru simple Nitrogen trichloride sv Kv vetriklorid zh ... more details
For the method of slaughtering farm animals Controlled Atmosphere Killing capital punishment Nitrogen ... advocated in a National Review article, Killing with kindness capital punishment by nitrogen asphyxiation .... When humans breathe in pure nitrogen , they exhale carbon dioxide without resupplying oxygen. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas that constitutes approximately 78 percent of the Earth ... without the painful and traumatic feeling of suffocation. Because of this property, nitrogen ... , and in Estonian L mmastik from l mbuma , to suffocate . For this reason, accidental nitrogen asphyxiation is a possible hazard where large quantities of nitrogen are used. Also, deliberate nitrogen ... component in air, nitrogen poses no significant risk upon discharge. As an execution method Although execution by nitrogen asphyxia tion was discussed briefly in print in 1995 Creque , it is not used ... and found them unsatisfactory his conclusion was that nitrogen asphyxiation would be the best method. Accidental deaths Accidental nitrogen asphyxiation causes about 8 deaths per year in the United ... SB Nitrogen 6 11 03.pdf HAZARDS OF NITROGEN ASPHYXIATION , Safety Bulletin No. 2003 10 B June 2003, U.S. ... docs SB Nitrogen 6 11 03.pdf the original on 2008 02 29 ref which is asserted to be more than from ... aft compartment which was pressurized with pure nitrogen as a precaution against fire. ref http ... nitrogen spilled in a basement storage room. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi uk news scotland 484813.stm ... concentration, and thus pH , in the blood . With each breath, a volume of about 0.6 liters is exchanged .... Normal air Earth atmosphere is about 78 percent nitrogen , 21 percent oxygen , and 1 percent argon , carbon dioxide, and other gases. After just two or three breaths of nitrogen, the oxygen concentration ... and blood stream suggests that the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood would be about 50 ... asphyxia References Creque, S.A. Killing with kindness capital punishment by nitrogen asphyxiation ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 449910966 Name Nitrogen trifluoride ImageFile Nitrogen trifluoride 2D dimensions.png ImageSize ImageName Nitrogen trifluoride ImageFile1 Nitrogen trifluoride 3D vdW.png ImageSize1 ImageName1 Nitrogen trifluoride IUPACName Nitrogen trifluoride OtherNames Nitrogen fluoride br Trifluoramine ... of nitrogen trifluoride , J. Phys. Chem. 1967,71 2 , pp 359 360, DOI 10.1021 j100861a022 http pubs.acs.org ... safety MSDS 20FOLDER Nitrogen 20Trifluoride.pdf AirLiquide EUIndex Not listed NFPA H 1 NFPA F 0 NFPA R 0 NFPA O OX FlashPt Non flammable Nitrogen trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula formula NF sub 3 sub . This nitrogen fluorine compound is a colorless, toxic, odourless, nonflammable gas. It finds increasing use as an etchant in microelectronics . Applications Nitrogen trifluoride is used in the plasma etching of silicon wafers. Today nitrogen trifluoride is predominantly ... agents that attack the polysilicon , silicon nitride and silicon oxide . Nitrogen trifluoride ... for nitrogen trifluoride in the manufacture of flat panel displays and thin film solar cells. ref ... volume 52 year 2009 pages 20 24 issue 2 ref Nitrogen trifluoride is also used in hydrogen fluoride ... Nitrogen trifluoride is a rare example of a binary fluoride that can prepared directly from the elements ... first attempting the synthesis in 1903, Otto Ruff prepared nitrogen trifluoride by the electrolysis ... to be far less reactive than the other nitrogen trihalides nitrogen trichloride , nitrogen tribromide and nitrogen triiodide , all of which are explosive. Alone among the nitrogen trihalides it has ... Compounds, Inorganic, Nitrogen in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1994, John ... of 0.2340 D. By contrast, ammonia is basic and highly polar 1.47 D . ref Thomas M. Klap tke Nitrogen ... groups, attracting essentially all of the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen atom. NF sub 3 sub is a potent ... 2006 title Revised IR spectrum, radiative efficiency and global warming potential of nitrogen trifluoride ... more details
Natural Nitrogen N consists of two stable isotopes, nitrogen 14 , which makes up the vast majority of naturally occurring nitrogen, and nitrogen 15 . Fourteen radioactive isotopes radioisotope s have also ... N. All of these radioisotopes are short lived, with the longest lived one being nitrogen 13 with a half ... . The shortest lived known isotope is nitrogen 10, with a half life of about 2.3 microsecond s. The standard atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0067 atomic mass units. Natural isotopes Nitrogen 14 Nitrogen 14 is one of two stable isotope stable non radioactive isotope s of the chemical element nitrogen , which makes up about 99.636 of natural nitrogen. Nitrogen 14 is one of the very few isotope Odd ... of nitrogen 14 and nitrogen 15 in the Universe is believed to be stellar nucleosynthesis , where they are produced as part of the carbon nitrogen oxygen cycle . Nitrogen 14 is the source of naturally occurring carbon 14 . Some kinds of cosmic radiation causes a nuclear reaction with nitrogen 14 in the upper atmosphere of the Earth, creating the carbon 14. This radioisotope decays back to nitrogen 14 after a half life of several thousand years. Nitrogen 15 Nitrogen 15 is a rare stable isotope of nitrogen . This isotope is often used in agriculture agricultural and medicine medical research ... shifts during 15N DNA stable isotope probing. Microbiological Res. 162 328 334. ref Nitrogen 15 is extensively used to trace mineral nitrogen compounds particularly fertilizers in the environment .... Availability of urea to autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria as related to the fate of 14C and 15N labeled urea added to soil. Biol. Fert. Soil. 42 137 145. ref ref Bichat, F., G.K. Sims, and R.L. Mulvaney. 1999. Microbial utilization of heterocyclic nitrogen from atrazine. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63 100 110. ref Nitrogen 15 is frequently used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR , because unlike the more abundant splinless nitrogen 14, it has a fractional atomic nucleus nuclear spin ... more details
Nitrogen acid may refer to any of the following Nitric acid , HNO sub 3 sub Nitrous acid , HNO sub 2 sub disambig simple Nitrogen acid ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Nitrogen assimilation is a fundamental biological process that occurs in plant s and algae that are incapable of independent nitrogen fixation . The assimilation of nitrogen has marked effects on plant productivity, biomass, and crop yield, and nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in structural components. Initial conversion of nitrate to nitrite by nitrate reductase is followed by a reduction to ammonia by nitrite reductase also called nitrite oxidoreductase . The ammonia is incorporated into glutamine as an amido nitrogen and is reductively transferred to 2 oxoglutarate to form 2 molecule s of glutamate by glutamate synthase. The general steps of assimilation have been known for several years, however, the chemical mechanisms that occur in these processes remain poorly understood in large part due to the lack of detailed structural information concerning the enzyme s that catalyze these reactions. See also Nitrogenomics DEFAULTSORT Nitrogen Assimilation Category Nitrogen metabolism Category Metabolism Category Plant physiology ... more details
Image Spitskool stikstofgebrek nitrogen deficiency Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. alba.jpg right thumb 275px A young cabbage plant exhibiting nitrogen deficiency. This is about nitrogen compounds in plant nutrition. For shortage of nitrogen compounds in human and animal nutrition, see protein deficiency . All plants require sufficient supplies of macronutrients for healthy growth, and nitrogen N is a nutrient that is commonly in limited supply. Nitrogen deficiency in plant s can occur when organic matter with high carbon carbon content, such as sawdust , is added to soil . ref name compost ... nitrogen to break down carbon sources, making N unavailable to plants. ref name compost This is known as robbing the soil of nitrogen. All vegetables apart from Nitrogen fixation nitrogen fixing legume s are prone to this disorder. Nitrogen deficiency can be prevented in the short term by using grass ... the winter will help to prevent nitrogen leaching, while leguminous green manures such as winter tares will fix additional nitrogen from the atmosphere. Detecting Nitrogen Deficiency The visual symptoms of nitrogen deficiency mean that it can be relatively easy to detect in some plant species. Symptoms ... older leaves show symptoms first, since the plant will move nitrogen from older tissues to more important ..., nitrogen deficiency is most reliably detected by conducting quantitative tests in addition to assessing ... sample the plant of interest. However, nitrogen deficiency can also be detected Plant tissue test ... tests work because leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll concentration are closely linked, which would be expected since the majority of leaf nitrogen is contained in chlorophyll molecules. ref http ... fluorescence ratio to identify phenolic compounds that are produced in higher quantities when nitrogen ... test for nitrogen deficiency. See also Nitrogen fixation References Reflist PlantMineralDeficiency Category Physiological plant disorders Category Nitrogen metabolism plant disease stub ar ... more details
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