A biologicalmodel may refer to a model organism a mathematical model of a biological system the Model of Abnormality The Biological .28Medical.29 Modelbiological medical model of abnormality disambig ... more details
A biological neuron model also known as a spiking neuron model is a mathematical description of the properties of nerve cells, or neurons , that is designed to accurately describe and predict biological ... of the earliest biological models took this form until kinetic models such as the Hodgkin Huxley model became dominant. Biological abstraction In the case of modelling a biological neuron, physical analogues .... References reflist DEFAULTSORT Biological Neuron Model Category Neuroscience Category Biophysics ..., although these goals sometimes overlap. Artificial neuron abstraction The most basic model of a neuron ... Lapique s introduction of the integrate and fire model neuron 1907 journal Brain Research Bulletin ... function spike occurs and the voltage is reset to its resting potential, after which the model continues to run. The firing frequency of the model thus increases linearly without bound as input current increases. The model can be made more accurate by introducing a refractory period physiology refractory ... shortcoming of this model is that it implements no time dependent memory. If the model receives ... and fire In the leaky integrate and fire model, the memory problem is solved by adding a leak term to the membrane ... equilibrium is not reached in the cell. The model looks like math I t frac V m t R m C m frac d V ... leak free model with refractory period ref name Koch98 cite book last Koch first Christof authorlink ... main Hodgkin Huxley model The most successful and widely used models of neurons have been based on the Markov model Mathematical biology Markov kinetic model developed from Hodgkin and Huxley s 1952 ... or measure for an accurate model, and for complex systems of neurons not easily tractable by computer. Careful simplifications of the Hodgkin Huxley model are therefore needed. FitzHugh Nagumo main FitzHugh Nagumo model Sweeping simplifications to Hodgkin Huxley were introduced by FitzHugh and Nagumo ... membrane voltage and recovery by a linear negative feedback gate voltage, they developed the model ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Biological data are data or measurement s collected from biological sources, which are often stored or exchanged in a digital form. Biological data are commonly stored in files or databases. Examples of biological data are DNA sequence DNA base pair sequences , and population data used in ecology . See also Bioinformatics Biological database Biologicalmodel Data modeling DNA sequencing Data mining DEFAULTSORT Biological Data Category Data Category Biology Biology stub ar ... more details
Biological motion is a term used by social and cognitive neuroscientists to refer to the unique visual phenomenon of a moving, animate object. Often, the stimuli used in biological motion experiments are just a few moving dots that reflect the motion of some key joints of the moving organism, which is known as a point light display . Biological motion is related to social cognition and theory of mind . History Early work suggested that the brain may contain mechanisms specialised for the detection of other humans from motion signals, ref cite journal author G. Johansson title Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis journal Percept. Psychophys. volume 14 year 1973 pages 201 211 ref but over the years this claim has been scaled down to the point where some authors now suggest that we have more generalised detectors tuned simply to the characteristic signal generated by the feet of a locomoting animal. ref cite journal title The Inversion Effect in Biological Motion Perception Evidence for a Life Detector ? journal Current Biology volume 16 issue 8 pages 821 824 author N . Troje , C . Westhoff doi 10.1016 j.cub.2006.03.022 pmid 16631591 year 2006 ref Neuroimaging The superior temporal sulcus is known to be activated for biological motion perception ref Grossman, E., & Blake, R. 2002 . Brain areas active during visual perception of biological motion. Neuron, 35, 1157 1165. ref . Also, premotor cortex is important, which indicates that the mirror neuron ..., E., & Sereno, M.I. 2004 Point light biological motion perception activates human premotor cortex. Journal ... that emerged to be statistically associated with deficient biological motion perception included ... Superior temporal and premotor brain areas necessary for biological motion perception. Brain, 130, 2452 ... study on a patient with developmental agnosia found intact biological motion, but deficient perception of non biological form from motion ref cite pmid 21237181 ref See also Motion perception Social ... more details
model ref Miake J, Marban E, Nuss HB. Gene therapy Biological pacemaker created by gene transfer. Nature ... s ref Plotnikov AN, Sosunov EA, Qu J et al. Biological pacemaker implanted in canine left bundle ... gene into the heart muscle a biological cardiac pacemaker can be created ref Ruhparwar A, Kallenbach K, Klein G et al. Adenylate Cyclase VI Transforms Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Into Biological Pacemaker Cells. Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association 2007, Orlando, Florida. ref . Biological ... of animals. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Biological Pacemaker Category American inventions Category ... more details
Image CO2 pump hg.svg thumb 350px Air sea exchange of CO sub 2 sub In ocean ic biogeochemistry , the biological pump is the sum of a suite of biologically mediated processes that transport carbon from the surface euphotic zone to the ocean s interior. Overview The organic carbon that forms the biological pump is transported primarily by sinking particulate material, for example dead organisms including algae algal mats or faecal pellets. However, some carbon reaches the deep ocean as dissolved organic carbon DOC by physical transport processes such as downwelling rather than sinking. Carbon reaching ... material is sinking, the biological pump transports material from the surface of the ocean to its depths. As the biological pump plays an important role in the Earth s carbon cycle, significant ... ecological interactions usually at depth, the processes that form the biological pump are difficult .... From these it is possible to derive the so called f ratio , a proxy for the local strength of the biological ... 10.1038 nature04883 pmid 16791191 ref The biological pump has a physico chemical counterpart known ... 2 sub flux based on climatological surface ocean p CO sub 2 sub , and seasonal biological and temperature ... emissions of CO sub 2 sub are believed to be entering the ocean. However, the biological pump is not believed to play a significant role in this flux. This is because the biological pump is primarily ... Acceleration of global warming due to carbon cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature ... journal v450 n7169 abs nature06267.html Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO sub 2 sub ocean. Nature journal Nature 450 , 545 548. ref However, climate change may affect the biological ... may affect the biological pump by altering the strength of the hard tissues pump. ref name orr05 ..., J.I., Honjo, S. and Wakeham, S.G. 2002 . A new, mechanistic model for organic carbon fluxes in the ocean ... References reflist DEFAULTSORT Biological Pump Category Aquatic ecology Category Biological ... more details
or not. It also primarily deals with primate Biological classification classification in the hominid ... humans multiregional model s, species replacement or mating between hominid species if that s the case ... biological anthropology when the rise of genetics, and successful attempts to study non human .... The term biological anthropology incorporates the non physical data genetic marker s, primate behavior ... physical anthropology and biological anthropology are synonymous. The field sub division of the American Anthropological Association is the Biological Anthropology Section, but the principal professional ... Essays on Biological Anthropology , of the History of Anthropology , v.5, G. Stocking, ed., Madison ... field of biology, biological anthropology, nutrition and medicine, which concentrates ... and identification of human remains. Anthropology Renowned biological anthropologists Egon Freiherr ... Watts Richard Wrangham Russell Mittermeier William M. Bass Janet M. Monge See also Psychology Biological ... http www.babao.org.uk British Association of Biological Anthropologists and Osteoarchaeologists ... current.xml The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology The Free Online Journal http www.isita ... 2000 and the new physical anthropology. References references DEFAULTSORT Biological Anthropology ... more details
to criminality. Biological determinism also biologism is the interpretation of humans and human life from a strictly biological point of view, and it is closely related to genetic determinism . Another definition is that biological determinism is the hypothesis that biological factors such as an organism ... taste in music , committing murder , or writing poetry . A biological determinist would posit that such behaviours, and personality traits in general, are mediated primarily by biological factors, such as genotype genetic makeup . An extreme variant of biological determinism might assert that an organism s behavior is determined entirely by biological factors, and that all of these factors are innate to that organism e.g. DNA . By asserting that biological factors are the primary determinants of behaviour, biological determinism implies of course that non biological factors, such as social convention ..., a variant of biological determinism might consider non innate biological factors, such as the biological ... innate biological factors. Biologists sometimes regard a charge of biological determinism as a straw man , as there is currently no support for strict biological determinism in the field of genetics ... of biological determinism. However, individual scientists may disagree as to the role that genetic ... between genes and environment. In terms of the nature versus nurture debate, biological determinism ... view point. However, the tendency to see biological determinism and social determinism as polar ... is, at least to some extent, pre determined. In this sense the opposite of the biological ... which influence behaviour c.f. free will . The key difference between the theories of biological ... may influence behaviour. A critique has been developed against the uncritical use of biological determinism .... See also Anthropological criminology Biological determination sociology Conscious Robots Epigenetics ... Criminal Tribes Act References references Determinism DEFAULTSORT Biological Determinism Category ... more details
orphan date April 2009 Biological psychopathology is the study of the biological basis of mental illness . It attempts to elucidate the genetics genetic and neurological etiology behind psychological disorders, including schizophrenia , mood disorders , and anxiety disorders . Although it interacts with clinical psychology, it is a specialized subset that usually takes place in an experimental context. It is known by several alternative names, including clinical neuroscience and experimental psychopathology . Biological psychopathology is specifically offered as a specialty in the PhD program at the University of Minnesota , in its high ranked psychology department. ref http www.psych.umn.edu areas bp index.htm Biological Psychopathology ref Some famous scientists studying biological psychopathology include Rachel Clark of Northeastern University . ref http online.psych.umn.edu dynamo roster.php Roster ref References reflist Category Biopsychology Category Mental health Category Abnormal psychology Category Psychopathology psych stub ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 Biological immortality refers to a stable rate of mortality as a function of chronological age. Some individual cells and entire organisms in some species achieve this state either throughout their existence or after living long enough. This requires that death occur from injury or disease rather than deterioration, i.e., the absence of cellular senescence . However, this definition of immortality has been challenged in the new Handbook of the Biology of Aging , ref cite book first E.J. last Masoro coauthor Austad, S.N. ed. year 2006 title Handbook of the Biology of Aging edition Sixth publisher Academic Press location San Diego, CA, USA isbn 0 12 088387 2 ref because the increase in rate of mortality as a function of chronological age may be negligible at extremely old age s, also referred to as the late life mortality plateau . The rate of mortality may cease to increase in old age, but in most cases that rate is typically very high. ref cite journal title Late life a new frontier for physiology author Michael R. Rose Casandra L. Rauser Laurence D. Mueller ... that aging followed a Gompertz function Gompertz model . ref name Rose1 cite web url http www.kurzweilai.net how to achieve biological immortality naturally?utm source KurzweilAI Daily Newsletter&utm campaign a7cde470e7 UA 946742 1&utm medium email title How to achieve biological immortality ... biologically immortal. Biogerontology Biogerontologist Marios Kyriazis suggested that biological ... a calorie restriction diet can slow the aging process. See also Wikipedia Books Biological ... Press ref harv External links http www.benford rose.com bioimm atlanta05.htm Biological Immortality ... Late Life A New Frontier for Physiology study indicates biological immortality in humans late in life ... , August 26, 2004 http www.elpistheory.info More on human biological immortality Longevity DEFAULTSORT Biological Immortality Category Aging Category Emerging technology Category Immortality ... more details
A biological detergent is a laundry detergent that contains enzymes harvested from micro organisms such as bacteria adapted to live in hot spring s. ref name spolem http www.spolem.co.uk worksheets docs industrial enzymes.doc www.spolem.co.uk Industrial uses of enzymes ref The description is commonly used in the United Kingdom , where other washing detergents are described as non biological or bio and non bio . Most manufacturers of biological detergents also produce non biological ones. Method of operation and effectiveness Biological detergents clean in the same way as non biological ones with additional effects from the enzymes, whose purpose is to break down protein, starches and fat in dirt and stains on clothing to be laundered, for example food stains, sweat and mud. Tests by the Consumers Association in the UK published in their Which? magazine rated the cleaning performance of washing powders based on stain removal, whiteness, and colour fading. It was found that the performance of various makes of biological powders ranged from 58 to 81 , and non biological powders scored from 41 to 70 . The enzymes in biological detergents enable effective cleaning at lower temperatures than required by normal detergents, but are denatured at higher temperatures ref name spolem &mdash about 40 C is recommended. ref http www.which.co.uk reviews ns washing powders full test results index.jsp Which magazine study. Also available online to subscribers at ref Controversy regarding allergic ... to the skin when wet clothes that have just been cleaned with biological detergents are touched ... particularly protease. A study by a manufacturer found that The biological products did not produce more irritation than the non biological products, confirming that the addition of enzymes to a detergent ... of mythology . ref http www.dailymail.co.uk health article 1020902 Biological washing powders ... ref References refs DEFAULTSORT Biological Detergent Category Cleaning products material stub ... more details
dablink See process anatomy for the alternate meaning, an outgrowth of tissue . otheruses Process disambiguation Cleanup date July 2008 Unreferenced date January 2008 A biological process is a process of a living organism . Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reaction s or other events that results in a Chemical transformation transformation . Regulation of biological processes occurs where any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent. Biological processes are regulated by many means examples include the control of gene expression , protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. Physiological process, those processes specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. Reproduction Digestion Response to stimulus, a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism in terms of movement, secretion , enzyme production, gene expression , etc. as a result of a stimulus . Biological interaction Interaction between organisms . the processes by which an organism has an observable effect on another organism of the same or different species. Also Fermentation biochemistry fermentation , fertilisation , germination , tropism , Hybrid biology hybridisation , metamorphosis , photosynthesis , transpiration . See also Chemical process Organic reaction Chemical transformation References reflist Category Biological processes es Funciones vitales ru uk ... more details
Biological clock may refer to Circadian cycle , living organisms adaptations to solar and lunar related rhythms. Senescence Age , as a Female infertility general factor of female infertility disambig fr Horloge biologique ur ... more details
noinclude Note the list on this page is included within Organic another diambiguation page Unreferenced date April 2010 Biological material may refer to noinclude Tissue biology , or just tissue Biomass , living or dead biological matter, often plants grown as fuel Biomass ecology , the total mass of living biological matter Biomaterial s Biocompatible material s and bioapplicable materials Biomolecule , a chemical compound that naturally occurs in living organisms Biotic material , from living things Bio based material , a processed biotic material Cellular component , material and substances of which cells and thus living organisms are composed Organic matter , derived from living things or containing carbon Viable material , capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions. see viability selection Bodily fluid noinclude See also Customs disambig noinclude Category Biological matter noinclude ... more details
using Cellular Automata and Nearest Neighbor Interactions Biological engineering , biotechnological engineering or bioengineering including biological systems engineering is the application of concepts ... problems related to human health . Biological engineering is a science based discipline founded upon the biological sciences in the same way that chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical ... connection between engineering and biology in biological engineering design, Int J Engng Ed 2005, 21, 1 7 ref Biological engineering can be differentiated from its roots of pure biology or classical engineering in the following way. Biological studies often follow a reductionist approach in viewing ..., approaches, and technologies from component concepts. Biological engineering utilizes both of these methods ... are then commingled to generate something new. ref name Riley Riley MR, Introducing Journal of Biological Engineering, Journal of Biological Engineering 1,1, 2007, http www.jbioleng.org, ref Although engineered biological systems have been used to manipulate information, construct materials, process ..., our ability to quickly and reliably engineer biological systems that behave as expected remains ... n7067 full nature04342.html ref The differentiation between biological engineering and overlap with Biomedical ... date February 2011 contend that Biological Engineering like biotechnology has a broader base which spans molecular methods tends to emphasize the using of biological substances applying engineering ... to ecosystems. Neither biological engineering nor biomedical engineering is wholly contained within the other, as there are non biological products for medical needs and biological products for non medical ... Engineering and Biological Engineering however, the differences are quite small. Biomedical ... measurements on living systems while biological engineers must have life science courses which ... bme curr.pdf ref ref name Johnson and Phillips Johnson AT, Phillips WM Philosophical foundations of biological ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A biological unit abbreviated BU consists of the smallest number of protein molecules which form a biologically active e. g. catalytically active unit. Category Biochemistry biochem stub ... more details
Inappropriate tone date March 2010 Biological databases are libraries of life sciences information, collected ... RB title Building successful biological databases journal Brief. Bioinformatics volume 5 issue 1 pages ... pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15153301 ref Information contained in biological databases includes gene ... as similarities of biological sequences and structures. Relational database concepts of computer ... biological databases. Biological database design, development, and long term management is a core area of the discipline of bioinformatics . ref cite journal author Bourne P title Will a biological database be different from a biological journal? journal PLoS Comput. Biol. volume 1 issue .... Overview Biological databases are an important tool in assisting scientists to understand and explain a host of biological phenomena from the structure of biomolecule s and their interaction, to the whole ... basic relationships amongst species in the evolutionary timeline history of life . Biological knowledge ... it difficult to ensure the consistency of information. Biological databases cross reference other ... knowledge together. An important resource for finding biological databases is a special yearly issue ... to biology and bioinformatics . Output Biological data comes in many formats. These formats include ... briggsae . See also List of biological databases Biobank Gene bank National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI dbSNP PubMed Interactome Biological data MetaBase Quertle Snpstr References ... index.php Main Page Wiki of biological databases http www.oxfordjournals.org nar database c Interactive list of biological databases , classified by categories, from Nucleic Acids Research , 2010 http www.gpse.org Genome Proteome Search Engine to search across biological databases http www.biodbs.info DBD Database of Biological Databases http camera.calit2.net index.php CAMERA Cyberinfrastructure for Metagenomics, free data repository and bioinformatics tools for metagenomics. Category Biological ... more details
In biology , often biological defence mechanism , a form of adaptation that promotes the survivability of an organism by protecting it from its natural enemies. Also see chemical defense . In law , a claim that some biological factor present in the defendant provides a defense against the accused crimes, as in the so called Twinkie defense . disambig Category Criminal defenses Category Evolutionary biology Category Ecology ... more details
About the journal Biological Psychiatry the field of study Biological psychiatry Infobox journal cover File Biological Psychiatry.gif editor Dr. John H. Krystal , M.D. discipline Psychiatry , Genetics , Biological psychiatry , Behavioral Sciences , Biology , Life Sciences , Neuroscience , Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Medical Sciences abbreviation Biol. Psychiatry publisher Elsevier country Netherlands website http www.sobp.org journal link1 http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 00063223 link1 name Content URL frequency 24 year history 1997 present openaccess impact 8.672 impact year 2008 history 1969 present Electronic versions available from 1985 ISSN 0006 3223 OCLC LCCN CODEN Biological ... published by Elsevier since 1985 and the Society of Biological Psychiatry. The journal ... disorders. Biological Psychiatry is a selective and highly cited journal in the field of psychiatric ... in 2009. The 2008 Impact Factor score for Biological Psychiatry is 8.672. ref Cite web url http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505750 description title Biological Psychiatry Elsevier accessdate 2010 01 29 ref History Biological Psychiatry was established in 1969 and is the official journal of the Society of Biological Psychiatry. It is published by Elsevier on the 1 ... the abstracts from the annual meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry. The founding Editor in Chief ... cite journal title Joseph Wortis,next term M.D. a new position Founding editor journal Biological ... http journals.elsevierhealth.com periodicals bps aims Biological Psychiatry Aims and Scope page ref ... also Portal Neuroscience Biological psychiatry References Reflist External links http www.sobp.org Society of Biological Psychiatry website http www.sobp.org journal Biological Psychiatry website http ... for Biological Psychiatry http journals.elsevierhealth.com periodicals bps authorinfo Biological ... established in 1965 Sci journal stub uk Biological Psychiatry ... more details
Biological integrity is associated with how pristine an natural environment environment is and its function relative to the potential or original state of an ecosystem before human alterations were imposed. Biological integrity is built on the assumption that a decline in the values of an ecosystem s Aquatic ecosystem Functions functions are primarily caused by human activity or alterations. The more an environment and its original processes are altered, the less biological integrity it holds for the community ecology community as a whole. If these processes were to change over time naturally, without ... inhabit an area and the complexities of their interactions. History The concept of biological integrity ..., physical, and biological integrity of the Nation s waters. Clean Water Act, section 101 a , USC ... about the implications of not only the meaning of biological integrity, but also how it can be Water ... definition of biological integrity see below . In 1981, EPA assembled a field of experts from the U.S. ... key bioindicator indicators to quantitatively measure biological integrity. The conference not only ... hughes etal 1982.pdf An approach for determining biological ... pdf frey 1977.pdf Biological integrity of water an historical approach. Pages 127 140 in Ballentine ... can be applied to other ecosystems. Evaluation methods In order to quantify and evaluate the biological integrity of a system, the Index of biological integrity Index of Biological Integrity IBI was created ... www.esajournals.org doi abs 10.2307 1941848 Biological integrity A long neglected aspect of water resource ... 84. ref In this index the baseline biological integrity its function before human influence and the current ... of biological integrity to any natural ecosystem. See also Portal box Ecology Water div style moz ... Bioindicator Biological monitoring working party Biosafety Biotic index Environmentalism Indicator ... http www.epa.gov bioindicators html biointeg.html EPA Bioindicators Biological Integrity Category ... more details
Biological Abstracts is a database produced by Thomson Reuters through its subsidiary BIOSIS . It includes abstract summary abstracts from Peer review peer reviewed academic journal articles in the fields of biology , biochemistry , biotechnology , botany , pre clinical and experimental medicine , pharmacology , zoology , agriculture , and veterinary medicine published since 1926. ref name BA cite web url http www.thomsonreuters.com products services science science products scholarly research analysis research discovery biological abstracts?parentKey 441594 title Biological Abstracts format work accessdate 2009 08 30 ref It can be accessed through the ISI Web of Knowledge Web of Knowledge . ref name BA Biological Abstracts RRM is similar, except that it covers meetings and conferences, literature reviews, U.S. patents, books, software and other media instead of journal articles. ref name BARRM cite web url http www.thomsonreuters.com products services science science products a z biological abstracts rrm?parentKey 441594 title Biological Abstracts RRM format work accessdate 2009 08 30 ref The combination of the two is marketed as Biosis Previews . ref name BIOSIS cite web url http www.thomsonreuters.com products services science science products scholarly research analysis research discovery biosis previews?parentKey 441594,430193 title BIOSIS Previews format work accessdate 2009 08 30 ref References Reflist Thomson Reuters Category Bibliographic databases Category Online databases Category Thomson family ru Biological Abstracts ... more details
For Lamarck s theory on the evolution of species Transmutation of species A biological transmutation is defined as a nuclear transmutation occurring in a living organism. Such transmutations are strongly believed not to occur according to mainstream physics , chemistry and biology , however proponents of the hypothesis claim to have empirical evidence that they do. Claimed phenomena Louis Kervran claims ... . He formulated the biological transmutation hypothesis as an explanation. For example, one of the claims is that biological organisms can transform Potassium into Calcium via the addition of one ... at high velocity since biological organisms lack any mechanism to do this. The environment would have neither high pressure nor high temperature since no biological organisms could survive ... pages 24 29 url http books.google.es books?id bxu n2j E 8C&dq biological transmutation&source gbs ... the biological transmutation hypothesis does not fit within mainstream theory. According to current ... produce ionizing radiation, which has not been detected and would be damaging to biological systems. In 1993 Kevran was awarded an Ig Nobel prize due to his improbable research in biological transmutation ... facilitate chemical reactions but also facilitate biological transmutations. ref Louis Kervran, Biological evidence of low energy transmutations , Maloine, 1975 See Final Note by Costa de Beauregard ... some criticism. ref Louis Kervran, Biological Transmutations and Modern Physics , Maloine, 1982, p.40ff. ref Other Assertions Another supporter of Biological transmutations can be found in Solomon Goldfein ... scale. ref Report 2247 May 1978 , Energy Development from Elemental Transmutations in Biological ... of metals Mn55 TO Fe57 in growing biological cultures author Vladimir I. Vysotskii, Alla A. Kornilova ... resembles the alleged transmutations of biological chemistry. ref name tibor See also fr http ... The Secret Life of Plants References reflist DEFAULTSORT Biological Transmutation Category ... more details
Biological containment or biocontainment describes measures aimed at preventing genetically modified organisms GMOs and their transgenes from spreading into the environment for containment methods in closed research environments, see Biosafety level . In agriculture, biocontainment is helpful in protecting conventional and organic fields from admixture with GM crops growing on neighbouring fields. With the end of the de facto moratorium on genetically modified plants in Europe, several research programmes e.g. Co Extra , Transcontainer have begun investigating biological containment strategies for GMOs. Among the techniques under consideration are three major strategies based on cleistogamous plants, male sterile plants and transplastomic plants. Biocontainment strategies In Cleistogamy cleistogamous plants , flowers do not open, and thus release no pollen. In Male sterility male sterile plants , no pollen is produced. In transplastomic plants , the genetic modification has been integrated in the DNA of chloroplasts , and the cell nucleus contains no transgenes in some plant species, the pollen contains no chloroplasts and thus no transgenes. External links http www.coextra.eu research themes topics188.html Co Extra research on biocontainment http www.transcontainer.org Transcontainer research on biocontainment http www.gmo safety.eu topic 260 Research projects Biological confinement of new genes methods for containing the spread of genetically modified plants http www.TradelineInc.com BIO2008 The 2008 International Conference on Biocontainment Facilities Category Genetic engineering Category Biological techniques and tools ... more details
A biological ornament is a structure of a living thing that appears to serve a decorative function rather than any immediately apparent utilitarian function. These structures often serve as Animal sexual behaviour sexual cues. Some animals have multiple sexual ornaments , with various levels of importance to mating selection. Category Biology biology stub ... more details
from gambling, biological functionalism maintains that the newly created ability of the gambler ... purpose. In this sense, biological functionalism maintains that while bad results often occur in life ... reflist DEFAULTSORT Biological Functionalism Category Anthropology Category Cognition Category ... more details
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