Automata and Nearest Neighbor Interactions Biologicalengineering , biotechnological engineering or bioengineering including biological systems engineering is the application of concepts and methods ... , biologicalengineering uses primarily the rapidly developing body of knowledge known as molecular ... biologicalengineering and overlap with Biomedical Engineering can be unclear, as many universities ... on applying biology but not necessarily to medical uses. Neither biologicalengineering nor biomedical engineering is wholly contained within the other, as there are non biological products for medical ... general than that. For example, biomimetics is a branch of biologicalengineering which strives to understand ... method of operation of complex biological systems. Thus biologicalengineering is a science based discipline founded upon the biological sciences in the same way that chemical engineering, electrical ..., The bi directional connection between engineering and biology in biologicalengineering design, Int J Engng Ed 2005, 21, 1 7 ref Biologicalengineering can be differentiated from its roots of pure biology or classical engineering in the following way. Biological studies often follow a reductionist ... new. ref name Riley Riley MR, Introducing Journal of BiologicalEngineering, Journal of Biological ..., biologicalengineering is fundamentally concerned with not just the basic science, but the practical ..., makes a distinction between Biomedical Engineering and BiologicalEngineering however, the differences ... WM Philosophical foundations of biologicalengineering . Journal of Engineering Education 1995 , 84 311 318 ref According to Prof. Doug Lauffenberger of MIT, ref name MIT BiologicalEngineering http ... lauffenburger.shtml, 4 14 2011 ref BiologicalEngineering like biotechnology has a broader base ... screens, and the ecological enhancement of an area. The first biologicalengineering program was created at Mississippi State University in 1967, making it the first biologicalengineering curriculum ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Biological interface engineering is a branch of bioengineering specifically a subset of tissue and biological materials engineering dedicated to the study of biological response to materials and material response to biologicals. Most applications of biological interface engineering are related but not limited to material, structural and geometric configurations of vasculature devices , orthopedic devices , neurological devices and organ replacement devices . Biological interface engineering involves the marriage of analytical, organic and physical chemistry with genetic, cellular and whole body system biological sciences. Further, biological interface engineering uses concepts developed in traditional materials engineering to describe phenomena observed at the interface of a biological device and a living organism. See also Bioengineering Tissue Engineering Biomedical Engineering Chemical Engineering References references DEFAULTSORT Biological Interface Engineering Category Bioengineering Category Engineering disciplines ... more details
Biological Systems Engineering BSE is a broad based engineering discipline with particular emphasis on biology and chemistry . It can be thought of as a subset of the broader notion of BiologicalEngineering . It is not to be confused with Biomedical Engineering as it tends to focus less on medical applications than on agriculture, ecosystems, and food science. It is not necessarily genetic engineering ... programs. ref This major is sometimes called Agricultural and BiologicalEngineering, Biological and Environmental Engineering, etc., in different universities. Since biologicalengineering covers ... societies commonly associated with many BiologicalEngineering programs include the American ... Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers , 2007 ref and the Institute of BiologicalEngineering ... multicol Related engineering fields Agricultural Engineering Aquaculture EngineeringBiologicalEngineering ... R. Heldman ed , Encyclopedia of agricultural, food, and biologicalengineering . 2002, Teruyuki Nagamune, Tai Hyun Park & Mark R. Marten ed , Biological Systems Engineering , Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society, 320 pages. Systems Engineering Category Bioengineering Category Biological systems ... focuses on environmentally sound and sustainable engineering solutions to meet societies ecologically related needs. Biological systems engineering is a broad and growing engineering field that integrates the expertise of fundamental engineering fields with expertise from non engineering disciplines. Academic and Professional Issues Many college and university biologicalengineering departments have a history of being grounded in agricultural engineering and have only in the last decade or so changed their names to reflect the movement towards more diverse biological based engineering programs. ref For example the http www.bse.vt.edu department Department of Biological Systems Engineering at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University was established as Agricultural Engineering ... more details
unreferenced date January 2010 Infobox journal cover File Medical & BiologicalEngineering & Computing.jpg editor J.A.E. Spaan discipline Biomedical Engineering abbreviation publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer language English language English country Germany frequency history 1963 present openaccess Monthly license impact 1.757 impact year 2009 website http www.springer.com journal 11517 link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0140 0118 eISSN 1741 0444 boxwidth Medical & BiologicalEngineering & Computing is the official publication of the International Federation of Medical and BiologicalEngineering IFMBE , and published by Springer Science Business Media Springer . This monthly journal is dedicated to Biomedical Engineering biomedical and clinical engineering . The journal was first published as a bimonthly publication in Germany in 1963 under the title Medical Electronics & BiologicalEngineering . Members of the editorial board have backgrounds in biomedical engineering, physics , biology and medicine . Original Research Articles as well as Reviews and Technical Notes are published. See also Biomedical engineering Medical device External links http www.ipem.ac.uk ifmbe ngen public IFMBE Category English language journals Category Publications established in 1963 Category Springer academic journals Category Medical informatics journals nl Medical & BiologicalEngineering & Computing ... more details
Non free use rationale Article Medical & BiologicalEngineering & Computing Description A cover of the journal Medical & BiologicalEngineering & Computing Source http www.springer.com biomed human physiology journal 11517 Portion all Low resolution yes Purpose To illustrate the article on the journal. Replaceability no other information Publisher Springer Licensing Non free magazine cover Category Academic journal covers ... more details
Infobox organization name International Federation of Medical and BiologicalEngineering image Logo International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering.svg image border size alt Logo of International Federation of Medical and BiologicalEngineering IFMBE caption map msize malt mcaption abbreviation ... remarks The International Federation of Medical and BiologicalEngineering IFMBE was initially formed as International Federation for Medical Electronics and BiologicalEngineering during the 2nd International Conference of Medical and BiologicalEngineering, in the UNESCO Building, Paris ... national interests in medical and biologicalengineering. ref name home cite web title Home .... Within the field of medical, biological and clinical engineering IFMBE s aims are to encourage ... International Conference of Medical and BiologicalEngineering, in the UNESCO Building, Paris, France to create an organization entitled International Federation for Medical Electronics and BiologicalEngineering. At that time there were few national biomedical engineering societies and workers ... to International Federation for Medical and BiologicalEngineering. Its international conferences were ... and objectives changed. During the first ten years of its existence, clinical engineering ... Engineering. The latter category now represents close to half of the total membership. As of October ... established the International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine IUPESM . Publications Medical & BiologicalEngineering & Computing ISSN 0140 0118 The IFMBE publishes the journal Medical and BiologicalEngineering and Computing with Springer, aims to cover all fields of Medical and BiologicalEngineering and Sciences. IFMBE News The IFMBE News Magazine, published electronically with Springer, documents developments in biomedical engineering. IFMBE Book Series The official IFMBE book series, Biomedical Engineering represents another service to the Biomedical Engineering ... more details
links http www.aimbe.org index.php American Institute for Medical and BiologicalEngineering Site Category Scientific institutions Category Biomedical engineering Category Scientific organizations based ... role to the biomedical engineering field. ref name cnn 2009 award Sections The College of Fellows The College of Fellows is composed of 1,000 medical and biological engineers who, by their contributions ... to revolutionize the engineering and medical fields. These fellows include heads of medical and engineering schools at many prestigious universities. Some fellows work for the government ... institutions, such as the National Academy of Engineering , Institute of Medicine and the United ... or graduate courses in biomedical engineering . The main focus of the council is to develop new ways of applying information from the biomedical engineering field to improve the quality of life in the world ... leaders in the biomedical engineering field. This fosters collaboration between biomedical ... honor the AIMBE awards, for his contributions to tissue engineering ref cite web url http www.hartfordbusiness.com ... more details
A biological model may refer to a model organism a mathematical model of a biological system the Model of Abnormality The Biological .28Medical.29 Model biological medical model of abnormality disambig ... more details
Biological containment or biocontainment describes measures aimed at preventing genetically modified organisms GMOs and their transgenes from spreading into the environment for containment methods in closed research environments, see Biosafety level . In agriculture, biocontainment is helpful in protecting conventional and organic fields from admixture with GM crops growing on neighbouring fields. With the end of the de facto moratorium on genetically modified plants in Europe, several research programmes e.g. Co Extra , Transcontainer have begun investigating biological containment strategies for GMOs. Among the techniques under consideration are three major strategies based on cleistogamous plants, male sterile plants and transplastomic plants. Biocontainment strategies In Cleistogamy cleistogamous plants , flowers do not open, and thus release no pollen. In Male sterility male sterile plants , no pollen is produced. In transplastomic plants , the genetic modification has been integrated in the DNA of chloroplasts , and the cell nucleus contains no transgenes in some plant species, the pollen contains no chloroplasts and thus no transgenes. External links http www.coextra.eu research themes topics188.html Co Extra research on biocontainment http www.transcontainer.org Transcontainer research on biocontainment http www.gmo safety.eu topic 260 Research projects Biological confinement of new genes methods for containing the spread of genetically modified plants http www.TradelineInc.com BIO2008 The 2008 International Conference on Biocontainment Facilities Category Genetic engineering Category Biological techniques and tools ... more details
to natural systems. Conversely, some engineering disciplines view the human body as a biological ... driver in the Industrial Revolution , underscores the importance of engineering in modern history. This model is on display at the main building of the ETSIIM in Madrid, Spain . Engineering is the discipline ... structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and process engineering processes . The American Engineers Council for Professional Development ECPD, the predecessor of Accreditation Board for Engineering ... defined engineering as blockquote the creative application of scientific principles to design or develop ... 9105842 engineering Engineers Council for Professional Development definition on Encyclopaedia Britannica Includes Britannica article on Engineering ref blockquote One who practices engineering is called ... discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering sub disciplines .... History Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions ... of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects. The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer , which ... are military engineering corps, e.g. , the United States Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ... as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering ref name ECPD Definition on Britannica ... military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering . Ancient era ... mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes inventions as well as the Antikythera mechanism required ..., and are still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering ... cite book last Jenkins first Rhys authorlink coauthors title Links in the History of Engineering ... decades, allowing for the beginnings of mass production . With the rise of engineering as a profession ... were applied to these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering the fields ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Biological data are data or measurement s collected from biological sources, which are often stored or exchanged in a digital form. Biological data are commonly stored in files or databases. Examples of biological data are DNA sequence DNA base pair sequences , and population data used in ecology . See also Bioinformatics Biological database Biological model disambiguation Data modeling DNA sequencing Data mining DEFAULTSORT Biological Data Category Data Category Biology Biology stub ar ... more details
Systems science Artificial life Biological systems engineering Systems biology Systems ecology Systems .... Synthesis and Analysis of a Biological System , by Hiroyuki Kurata, 1999. http www.semantic ... system excretory system nervous system reproductive system Systems Category Biological systems biology ... more details
. Biological determination also biologism is the interpretation of humans and human life from a strictly biological point of view, and it is closely related to genetic determinism . Another definition is that biological determinism is the hypothesis that biological factors such as an organism ... in music , committing murder , or writing poetry . A biological determinist would posit that such behaviours, and personality traits in general, are mediated primarily by biological factors, such as genotype genetic makeup . An extreme variant of biological determinism might assert that an organism s behavior is determined entirely by biological factors, and that all of these factors are innate to that organism e.g. DNA . By asserting that biological factors are the primary determinants of behaviour, biological determinism implies of course that non biological factors, such as social convention ... of biological determinism might consider non innate biological factors, such as the biological ... biological factors. Biologists sometimes regard a charge of biological determinism as a straw man , as there is currently no support for strict biological determinism in the field of genetics or Developmental biology development , and virtually no support among geneticists for the strong thesis of biological ... between genes and environment. In terms of the nature versus nurture debate, biological determinism ... view point. However, the tendency to see biological determinism and social determinism as polar opposites ... is, at least to some extent, pre determined. In this sense the opposite of the biological and social ... which influence behaviour c.f. free will . The key difference between the theories of biological ... influence behaviour. A critique has been developed against the uncritical use of biological determinism ... of eugenics, depending of biological determinism, wanted to improve the human species through ... also Anthropological criminology Biological determination sociology Conscious Robots Epigenetics Eugenics ... more details
wiktionary biological clock Biological clock may refer to Circadian rhythm , living organisms adaptations to solar related rhythms Senescence Age , as a Female infertility general factor of female infertility disambiguation fr Horloge biologique ur ... more details
orphan date April 2009 Biological psychopathology is the study of the biological basis of mental illness . It attempts to elucidate the genetics genetic and neurological etiology behind psychological disorders, including schizophrenia , mood disorders , and anxiety disorders . Although it interacts with clinical psychology, it is a specialized subset that usually takes place in an experimental context. It is known by several alternative names, including clinical neuroscience and experimental psychopathology . Biological psychopathology is specifically offered as a specialty in the PhD program at the University of Minnesota , in its high ranked psychology department. ref http www.psych.umn.edu areas bp index.htm Biological Psychopathology ref Some famous scientists studying biological psychopathology include Rachel Clark of Northeastern University . ref http online.psych.umn.edu dynamo roster.php Roster ref References reflist Category Biopsychology Category Mental health Category Abnormal psychology Category Psychopathology abnormal psych stub mental health stub ... more details
Biological Abstracts is a database produced by Thomson Reuters through its subsidiary BIOSIS . It includes abstract summary abstracts from Peer review peer reviewed academic journal articles in the fields of biology , biochemistry , biotechnology , botany , pre clinical and experimental medicine , pharmacology , zoology , agriculture , and veterinary medicine published since 1926. ref name BA cite web url http wokinfo.com products tools specialized ba title Biological Abstracts format Online work accessdate 2009 08 30 ref ref name o BA About Cite web title Biological Abstracts publisher Ovid Technologies, Inc. url http www.ovid.com site catalog DataBase 24.jsp format Online accessdate 2011 07 26 ref It can be accessed through the ISI Web of Knowledge Web of Knowledge . ref name BA Biological Abstracts RRM is similar, except that it covers meetings and conferences, literature reviews, U.S. patents, books, software and other media instead of journal articles. ref name BARRM cite web url http www.thomsonreuters.com products services science science products a z biological abstracts rrm?parentKey 441594 title Biological Abstracts RRM format work accessdate 2009 08 30 ref The combination of the two is marketed as BIOSIS Previews . ref name BIOSIS cite web url http www.thomsonreuters.com products services science science products scholarly research analysis research discovery biosis previews?parentKey 441594,430193 title BIOSIS Previews format online work accessdate 2009 08 30 ref References Reflist External links http wokinfo.com media pdf qrc baqrc.pdf Biological Abstracts QRC. Accessed 2011 07 26 EBSCO http www.ebscohost.com academic biological abstracts Biological Abstracts . Accessed 2011 07 26. This database is produced by Thomson Reuters. Thomson Reuters Category Thomson Reuters Category Bibliographic databases Category Online databases Category Thomson family ru Biological Abstracts ... more details
A biological detergent is a laundry detergent that contains enzymes harvested from micro organisms such as bacteria adapted to live in hot spring s. ref name spolem http www.spolem.co.uk worksheets docs industrial enzymes.doc www.spolem.co.uk Industrial uses of enzymes ref The description is commonly used in the United Kingdom , where other washing detergents are described as non biological or bio and non bio . Most manufacturers of biological detergents also produce non biological ones. Method of operation and effectiveness Biological detergents clean in the same way as non biological ones with additional effects from the enzymes, whose purpose is to break down protein, starches and fat in dirt and stains on clothing to be laundered, for example food stains, sweat and mud. Tests by the Consumers Association in the UK published in their Which? magazine rated the cleaning performance of washing powders based on stain removal, whiteness, and colour fading. It was found that the performance of various makes of biological powders ranged from 58 to 81 , and non biological powders scored from 41 to 70 . The enzymes in biological detergents enable effective cleaning at lower temperatures than required by normal detergents, but are denatured at higher temperatures ref name spolem &mdash about 40 C is recommended. ref http www.which.co.uk reviews ns washing powders full test results index.jsp Which magazine study. Also available online to subscribers at ref Controversy regarding allergic ... to the skin when wet clothes that have just been cleaned with biological detergents are touched ... particularly protease. A study by a manufacturer found that The biological products did not produce more irritation than the non biological products, confirming that the addition of enzymes to a detergent ... of mythology . ref http www.dailymail.co.uk health article 1020902 Biological washing powders ... ref ref Cite doi 10.1111 j.1365 2133.2008.08561.x ref References refs DEFAULTSORT Biological ... more details
dablink See process anatomy for the alternate meaning, an outgrowth of tissue . otheruses Process disambiguation Cleanup date July 2008 Unreferenced date January 2008 A biological process is a process of a living organism . Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reaction s or other events that results in a Chemical transformation transformation . Regulation of biological processes occurs where any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent. Biological processes are regulated by many means examples include the control of gene expression , protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. Physiological process, those processes specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. Reproduction Digestion Response to stimulus, a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism in terms of movement, secretion , enzyme production, gene expression , etc. as a result of a Stimulus physiology stimulus . Biological interaction Interaction between organisms . the processes by which an organism has an observable effect on another organism of the same or different species. Also Fermentation biochemistry fermentation , fertilisation , germination , tropism , Hybrid biology hybridisation , metamorphosis , photosynthesis , transpiration . See also Chemical process Organic reaction Chemical transformation References reflist Category Biological processes es Funciones vitales id Proses biologis ru simple Life processes uk ... more details
noinclude Note the list on this page is included within Organic another diambiguation page Unreferenced date April 2010 Biological material may refer to noinclude Tissue biology , or just tissue Biomass , living or dead biological matter, often plants grown as fuel Biomass ecology , the total mass of living biological matter Biomaterial s Biocompatible material s and bioapplicable materials Biomolecule , a chemical compound that naturally occurs in living organisms Biotic material , from living things Bio based material , a processed biotic material Cellular component , material and substances of which cells and thus living organisms are composed Organic matter , derived from living things or containing carbon Viable material , capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions. see viability selection Bodily fluid noinclude See also Customs disambig noinclude Category Biological matter noinclude ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A biological unit abbreviated BU consists of the smallest number of protein molecules which form a biologically active e. g. catalytically active unit. Category Biochemistry biochem stub ... more details
Inappropriate tone date March 2010 Biological databases are libraries of life sciences information, collected ... RB title Building successful biological databases journal Brief. Bioinformatics volume 5 issue 1 pages ... pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15153301 ref Information contained in biological databases includes gene ... as similarities of biological sequences and structures. Relational database concepts of computer ... biological databases. Biological database design, development, and long term management is a core area of the discipline of bioinformatics . ref cite journal author Bourne P title Will a biological database be different from a biological journal? journal PLoS Comput. Biol. volume 1 issue .... Overview Biological databases are an important tool in assisting scientists to understand and explain a host of biological phenomena from the structure of biomolecule s and their interaction, to the whole ... basic relationships amongst species in the evolutionary timeline history of life . Biological knowledge ... it difficult to ensure the consistency of information. Biological databases cross reference other ... knowledge together. An important resource for finding biological databases is a special yearly issue ... to biology and bioinformatics . Output Biological data comes in many formats. These formats include ... elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae . See also List of biological databases Biobank Gene bank National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI dbSNP PubMed Interactome Biological data MetaBase ... http biodatabase.org index.php Main Page Wiki of biological databases http www.oxfordjournals.org nar database c Interactive list of biological databases , classified by categories, from Nucleic Acids Research , 2010 http www.gpse.org Genome Proteome Search Engine to search across biological databases http www.biodbs.info DBD Database of Biological Databases http camera.calit2.net index.php CAMERA .... Category Biological databases Category Bioinformatics ar es Base de datos biol gica ... more details
In biology , often biological defense mechanism , a form of adaptation that promotes the survivability of an organism by protecting it from its natural enemies. Also see chemical defense . In law , a claim that some biological factor present in the defendant provides a defense against the accused crimes, as in the so called Twinkie defense . disambig Category Criminal defenses Category Evolutionary biology Category Ecology ... more details
About the journal Biological Psychiatry the field of study Biological psychiatry Infobox journal cover File Biological Psychiatry.gif editor Dr. John H. Krystal , M.D. discipline Psychiatry , Genetics , Biological psychiatry , Behavioral Sciences , Biology , Life Sciences , Neuroscience , Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Medical Sciences abbreviation Biol. Psychiatry publisher Elsevier country Netherlands ... history 1969 present Electronic versions available from 1985 ISSN 0006 3223 OCLC LCCN CODEN Biological ... published by Elsevier since 1985 and the Society of Biological Psychiatry. The journal ... disorders. Biological Psychiatry is a selective and highly cited journal in the field of psychiatric ... Impact Factor score for Biological Psychiatry is 8.674. ref Cite web url http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505750 description title Biological Psychiatry Elsevier accessdate 2010 01 29 ref History Biological Psychiatry was established in 1969 and is the official journal of the Society of Biological Psychiatry. It is published by Elsevier on the 1st and 15th of each month ... of Biological Psychiatry. The founding Editor in Chief was Joseph Wortis , who edited the journal ... term M.D. a new position Founding editor journal Biological Psychiatry date 1993 01 01 first David ... bps aims Biological Psychiatry Aims and Scope page ref It is abstracted in BIOSIS Beck Medical ... S. Charney , 1998 2006 John H. Krystal, 2006 present See also Portal Neuroscience Biological psychiatry References Reflist External links http www.sobp.org Society of Biological Psychiatry website http www.sobp.org journal Biological Psychiatry website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 505750 description description Elsevier website for Biological Psychiatry http journals.elsevierhealth.com periodicals bps authorinfo Biological Psychiatry Guide for Authors Category Psychiatry ... stub uk Biological Psychiatry ... more details
Infobox journal title The Biological Bulletin cover editor Carol Schachinger discipline Biology former names Zoological Bulletin abbreviation Biol. Bull. publisher Marine Biological Laboratory country United States frequency Bimonthly history 1897 present openaccess After 1 yr impact 1.942 impact year 2009 website http www.biolbull.org JSTOR 0006 3185 OCLC 1536426 CODEN BIBUBX ISSN 0006 3185 LCCN a38000518 eISSN 1939 8697 The Biological Bulletin is a peer review peer reviewed scientific journal covering the field of biology . The journal was established in 1897 as the Zoological Bulletin by Charles Otis Whitman and William Morton Wheeler . In 1899 the title was changed to The Biological Bulletin , and production was transferred to the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts . ref name Maienschein cite book author Jane Maienschein year 1989 title One Hundred Years Exploring Life, 1888 1988 The Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole publisher Jones & Bartlett Learning Jones and Bartlett Publishers location Boston Boston, Massachusetts isbn 0 86720 120 7 chapter The Library and Publications pages 73 85 url http www.archive.org details 100yearsexplorin00maie ref The current Editor in chief managing editor is Carol Schachinger. ref name about cite web url http www.biolbull.org misc about.shtml title About The Biological Bulletin publisher Marine Biological Laboratory year 2011 accessdate May 6, 2011 ref The Biological Bulletin is indexed by several bibliographic services, including Index Medicus , MEDLINE , Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Abstracts , Current Contents , Elsevier BIOBASE BIOBASE , and Geo Abstracts . ref name about Six issues are published per year and all content is made freely available one year after publication. ref name about According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2009 impact factor of 1.942. ref name WoS ... reflist External links Official website http www.biolbull.org DEFAULTSORT Biological Bulletin ... more details
Not to be confused with a biometric passport . An athlete biological passport is an individual, electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results ... laboratoire lad prestations laboratoire passeport.htm title Information on the athlete biological ... is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti doping. Maybe the first ... or blood, but through the induced deviations in biological parameters, is the so called testosterone ... by direct means at that time. It is only in 2002 that the paradigm to use biological markers ... of doping following the first phase of blood tests conducted under the new biological passport. ref ... sanctioned on the basis of their biological passport The biological passport programme has allowed .... Riders have also been targeted with further doping controls based on their biological passport. Igor Astarloa received a two year sanction as a result of abnormalities detected in his biological passport. ref http www.cyclingnews.com news astarloa suspended and fined for uci biological passport ... in his biological passport. ref name cas hearing cite web url http velonews.competitor.com 2011 03 news cas upholds biological passport slaps pellizotti and cauchioli with 2 year bans 162823 title CAS upholds biological passport, slaps Pellizotti and Caucchioli with 2 year bans author publisher VeloNews ... control in April 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two year sanction. ref cite web url http www.velonation.com News ID 4336 Biological Passport Antonio Colom sanctioned for two years given large fine.aspx ixzz1TzAdZiui title Biological Passport ... in his biological passport. ref cite web url http www.velonation.com News ID 8827 CAS dismisses doping ban appeal by De Bonis over biological passport.aspx title CAS dismisses doping ban appeal by De Bonis over biological passport author Shane Stokes publisher Velonation.com date 22 June 2011 ref Thomas ... more details
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