Biodegradation is the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological means. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment ... with oxygen , or Anaerobic digestion anaerobically , without oxygen. A term related to biodegradation ... surfactant secreted by microorganisms, enhances the biodegradation process. Biodegradable ..., radionuclide s and metals. Major methodological breakthroughs in microbial biodegradation ... name Diaz cite book author Diaz E editor . title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology ... Biodegradation In nature, different materials biodegrade at different rates. To be able to work effectively, most microorganisms that assist the biodegradation need light, water and oxygen. Temperature is also an important factor in determining the rate of biodegradation. This is because microorganisms ... of degradation. Biodegradation can also be measured by anaerobic microbes and the amount of methane ... to biodegradation. OBPs are made by adding a small proportion of compounds of specific transition ... which are actually the standards for composting . It has to be understood that composting and biodegradation ... managed compost environment. They are not biodegradation standards. Both were developed for hydro biodegradable polymers where the mechanism including biodegradation is based on reaction ... support bio assimilation and microbial growth Inherent biodegradation, conversion of carbon .... With this reaction, formulations catalyze and accelerate the biodegradation process. ref ... of decomposing back into natural elements. ref Biodegradation Webster s Timeline History , Icon Group ... Landfill gas monitoring List of environment topics Microbial biodegradation References references ... Slate Explainer article on biodegradation Will My Plastic Bag Still Be Here in 2507? http www.bpiworld.org ... Biodegradable waste management Category Biodegradation ar ca Biodegradaci cs Biodegradace ... more details
Interest in the microbial biodegradation of pollutant s has intensified in recent years as humanity strives ... . title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology edition 1st publisher Caister Academic ... biodegradation of pollutants The burgeoning amount of bacterial genomic data provides unparalleled ... Insights Into the Aerobic Pathways for Degradation of Organic Pollutants title Microbial Biodegradation ... biodegradation of pollutants Anaerobic organism Anaerobic microbial mineralization of recalcitrant ... cite book author Heider J and Rabus R year 2008 chapter Genomic Insights in the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher ... biodegradation of pollutants. O Loughlin et al 2000 ref O Loughlin, E. J, S. J. Traina, and G. K. Sims. 2000. Effects of sorption on the biodegradation of 2 methylpyridine in aqueous suspensions of reference ... of kaolinite clay, most soil clays and cation exchange resins attenuated biodegradation of 2 picoline ... Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 17 2 ref Oil biodegradation Petroleum oil contains aromatic compounds that are toxic for most life ... into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology ... 340. ref Cholesterol biodegradation Cholesterol is a steroid highly abundant in the environment that plays ... to Analyze Natural Attenuation and Bioremediation title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics ... industry, but also in the field of biodegradation . In many cases, these catalysts need to be exploited ... title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 17 2 ref Fungal biodegradation In the ecosystem, different substrates are attacked at different ... See also Biodegradation Bioremediation Biotransformation Bioavailability Chemotaxis Microbiology Environmental ... gateway biodegradation.html Microbial Biodegradation http www.horizonpress.com blogger 2007 ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Chromohalobacter regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Oceanospirillales familia Alcanivoracaceae genus Alcanivorax genus authority Yakimov et al. 1998 Alcanivorax is an alkane degrading marine bacterium which propagates and becomes predominant in crude oil containing seawater when nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are supplemented. ref name chapter9 cite book author Martins VAP et al. year 2008 chapter Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press id ISBN 978 1 904455 17 2 ref Oil Biodegradation Petroleum oil is toxic for most life forms and pollution of the Natural environment environment by oil causes major ecological problems. A considerable amount of petroleum oil entering the sea is eliminated by the microbial biodegradation activities of microbial communities. Alcanivorax borkumensis is a recently discovered hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium and is probably the most important global oil degrader. ref name chapter9 References reflist External links http www.horizonpress.com gateway biodegradation.html Microbial Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Biotransformation Category Proteobacteria Category Biodegradation Proteobacteria stub fa ru Alcanivorax uk Alcanivorax ... more details
Biodegradability prediction is biologically inspired computing and attempts to predict biodegradability of anthropogenic materials in the Natural environment environment . Demand for biodegradability prediction is expected to increase with governments stepping up environmental regulations see, for instance, testing for bioaccumulation in the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals REACH proposal . Fact date July 2008 Example Development of quantitative structure activity relationship QSARs for biodegradation , for instance, biochemical oxygen demand for chemicals released into the environment with the aid of machine learning and other artificial intelligence methods ref http www.mdpi.org molecules papers 91200989.pdf Artificial Intelligence & biodegradability paper James R. Baker, Dragan Gamberger, James R. Mihelcic and Aleksandar Sablji 2004 Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Based Models for Chemical Biodegradability Prediction , Molecules , 9, 989 1004 ref . The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis and Biodegradation Database UM BBD , which contains information on microbial biocatalytic reactions and biodegradation pathways for primarily xenobiotic, chemical compounds. One of its many features allows the prediction of microbial catabolic reactions using substructure searching, a rule base, and atom to atom mapping. See also Anaerobic digestion Biodegradation Composting Landfill gas monitoring List of environment topics List of ecology topics References Reflist External links http umbbd.ahc.umn.edu UM BBD DEFAULTSORT Biodegradability Prediction Category Biodegradation Category Biodegradable waste management ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Taxobox color lightgrey name Aromatoleum regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Beta Proteobacteria ordo Rhodocyclales familia Rhodocyclaceae genus Aromatoleum subdivision ranks Species subdivision Aromatoleum aromaticum Aromatoleum is a genus of proteobacteria capable of microbial biodegradation of organic pollutants. The 4.7 Mb genome of the facultative denitrifying Aromatoleum aromaticum strain EbN1 was the first to be determined for an anaerobic hydrocarbon degrader using toluene or ethylbenzene as Substrate chemistry substrate s . The genome sequence revealed about two dozen gene cluster s including several paralog s coding for a complex catabolic network for anaerobic and aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. The genome sequence forms the basis for current detailed studies on regulation of pathways and enzyme structures. ref name chapter1 cite book author McLeod MP and Eltis LD year 2008 chapter Genomic Insights Into the Aerobic Pathways for Degradation of Organic Pollutants title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press id ISBN 978 1 904455 17 2 ref References reflist External links http www.horizonpress.com gateway biodegradation.html Microbial Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Biotransformation Category Biodegradation Proteobacteria stub es Aromatoleum ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Controlled waste a waste type composed of either domestic, commercial and or industrial waste . They are regulated by governmental institutions or acts, because of their toxicity or imminent hazardous nature, either in themselves, obtained during biodegradation or biochemical degradation. See also List of waste types Waste management Waste DEFAULTSORT Controlled Waste Category Waste Waste stub Industry company stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 context October 2009 unreferenced July 2007 SESOIL SEasonal SOIL is a one dimensional vertical transport screening level model for the unsaturated Vadose zone vadose zone. It simulates contaminant transport and fate based on diffusion , adsorption , volatilization , biodegradation , and hydrolysis . SESOIL is a public domain program written in FORTRAN developed in 1981 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency USEPA , written by Bonazountas and Wagner of the Arthur D. Little corporation. Category Hydrology software stub ... more details
Multiple issues notability March 2010 wikify March 2010 orphan March 2010 Soilon is a fine mesh made from corn starch . It was designed for and often used in teabag s. It was chosen to replace the materials in teabags, since it can be Biodegradation biodegraded and broken down readily by microorganisms in the soil. It is a safe and non toxic alternative to the paper bags usually employed. Category Biodegradable materials Category Packaging materials material stub pl Soilon ... more details
Summary Rhodococcus sp. strain Q1, grown on quinoline. Scanning electron micrograph of fixed cells. The bacterium is able to grow on quinoline as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy at concentrations up to 3.9 millimoles per liter. ref O Loughlin, E.J., S.R. Kehrmeyer, and G.K. Sims. 1996. Isolation, characterization, and substrate utilization of a quinoline degrading bacterium. Int. Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 1996 107 118. ref Licensing PD self date June 2010 References Reflist ... more details
Move to Commons Summary Information Description Biodegradation of melanin films in vivo. Source Biomaterials,Vol 30, Biocompatibility of biodegradable semiconducting melanin films for nerve tissue engineering , pages 3050 7 Date 2009 Author Bettinger CJ, Bruggeman JP, Misra A, Borenstein JT, Langer R Permission Elsevier other versions Licensing GFDL ... more details
. title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology edition 1st ed. publisher Caister ... and microbial biodegradation biodegradative pathways and the ability of organisms to adapt ... there is other approach of biotransformation called enzymatic biotransformation. Oil Biodegradation ... et al. year 2008 chapter Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press id http www.horizonpress.com ... broadens the scope for application in the fine chemical industry, but also in the field of biodegradation ... title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press id http www.horizonpress.com biod ISBN 978 1 904455 17 2 ref See also Microbial biodegradation Xenobiotic metabolism Biodegradation Bioremediation Mineralisation References reflist External links http ... gateway biodegradation.html Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Biotransformation http www.horizonpress.com blogger 2007 09 microbial biodegradation bioremediation.html Microbial Biodegradation Category Bioremediation Category Biotechnology Category Microbiology Category Biodegradation cs Biotransformace ... more details
wiktionarypar degradation Degradation may refer to Biodegradation , the processes by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms Chemical decomposition , the degradation of chemical compounds Degradation song , by the Violent Femmes Degradation telecommunications , the loss of quality of an electronic signal Cashiering or degradation ceremony, a ritual performed when cleric is deprived of office or a Knight is stripped of the honour Elegant degradation , in engineering, the gradual failing of a machine Graceful degradation Environmental degradation , in ecology , damage to the ecosystem and loss of biodiversity disambig cs Degradace de Degradation fr D gradation id Degradasi it Degradazione pl Degradacja sk Degrad cia ... more details
File Blue baling twine.jpg thumb Synthetic baling twine tied around bales of hay. Baling twine or baler twine is a small diameter sisal or synthetic twine used to bind a quantity of fibrous material notably hay or straw into a more compact and easily stacked form. Load strengths range near 350 lbs. Traditional sisal baler twine is naturally biodegradation biodegradable , and modern synthetic polypropylene twines are also designed to be. External links Commons category inline Baling twine material stub agriculture stub Category Ropework de Pressengarn ... more details
In biology , a hotbed is a pile of decaying organic matter warmer than its surroundings due to the heat given off by the metabolism of the microorganisms in the decompose decomposing pile. A hotbed covered with a small glass cover also called a hotbox is used by humans as a small version of a hothouse heated greenhouse . The bed is often made of manure from animals such as horse s that pass much undigested plant cellulose in their droppings . Thus hotboxes are to cold frame s what hothouses are to greenhouses. Some egg laying animals make or use hotbeds to Avian incubation incubate their eggs for example the brush turkey . Category Composting Category Biodegradation Category Ecology ar ... more details
Disodium cocoamphodiacetate DSCADA is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant routinely used in personal care products. ref name Sharvelle S Biodegradability A 2008 study suggested DSCADA is toxic to bacteria in wastewater treatment processes. ref name Sharvelle S cite journal journal Water Environ Res year 2008 volume 80 issue 3 pages 276 81 title Biodegradation of disodium cocoamphodiacetate by a wastewater microbial consortium author Sharvelle S, Skvarenina E, Banks MK pmid 18419016 ref Results from the 2008 research indicated that DSCADA has limited biodegradability and recalcitrant metabolites may develop. ref name Sharvelle S References reflist Category Antiseptics Category Cosmetics chemicals ... more details
a short timescale, and is not the same as biodegradation in the environment. However, a material which ... 1981 26 2917 2926. Biodegradation of polyethylene films with prooxidant additives. Marek Koutny ... 43. Environmentally Degradable Plastics Based on Oxo biodegradation of Conventional Polyolefins . Norman ... Lemaire, Polymer Degradation and Stability 2006 91 1495 1503. Polyethylene biodegradation ..., K. A. Nandasena. Current Science, 2006 90 1 . Biodegradation of thermally oxidized, fragmented ... and Stability 2003 81 341 351. A Review of Plastic Waste Biodegradation. Ying Zheng, Ernest K. Yanful, and Amarjeet S. Bassi. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 2005 25 243 250. Biodegradation of Degradable ... Bio mineralization of PE in 180 days 1991 57 3 678 685. 13. Category Biodegradation Category Plastics ... more details
Refimprove date October 2008 Halorespiration is the use of halogenated compounds as sources of energy . The halogen serves as terminal electron acceptor . It is also called dehalorespiration. ref http biomikro.vscht.cz trp documents mackova Lecture 2008.orgcompoundspdf.pdf Lecture 08 ref Halorespiration is a major form of anaerobic respiration , and can play a part in microbial biodegradation . The most common substrates are chlorinated aliphatics PCE, TCE , chlorinated phenols. Halorespiring bacteria HRB include some proteobacteria, chloroflexi green nonsulfur bacteria and low G C gram positive Clostridia. ref http www.eurochlor.org upload documents document36.pdf Review of scientific literature on microbial dechlorination and chlorination of key chlorinated compounds 2001 ref References references Category Electrochemistry biochem stub ... more details
and there is much interest in using Microbial biodegradation to clean up contaminated sites ... title Microbial Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press id http www.horizonpress.com biod ISBN 978 1 904455 17 2 ref Bioremediation Interest in the microbial biodegradation ... Biodegradation Genomics and Molecular Biology edition 1st ed. publisher Caister Academic Press ... more details
Taxobox name Rhodobacteraceae regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alphaproteobacteria ordo Kordiimonadales familia Kordiimonadaceae genus Kordiimonas species K. gwangyangensis species authority Kwon et al. , 2005 Kordiimonas gwangyangensis strain biology strain GW14 5 sup T sup is a marine ocean marine bacterium that can biodegradation degrade a number of polycyclic hydrocarbon s. It was first found in Gwangyang Bay ref cite journal author K.K. Kwon, H. S. Lee, S.H. Yang & S. J. Kim. year 2005 title Kordiimonas gwangyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from marine sediments that forms a distinct phyletic lineage Kordiimonadales ord. nov. in the Alphaproteobacteria volume 55 pages 2033 2037 doi 10.1099 ijs.0.63684 0 journal International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology pmid 16166706 issue Pt 5 ref . References reflist proteobacteria stub category hydrocarbon degrading bacteria ko uk Kordiimonas gwangyangensis ... more details
Mineral salts pyridone broth is a selective medium for bacterium bacteria that can metabolism metabolize pyridone which is an unusual carbon source that only a select few types of bacteria can use . This medium is used to isolate bacteria belonging to the Arthrobacter genus among other bacteria genera. table border 1 caption Mineral Salts Pyridone Broth caption tr td INGREDIENT td td g L tr tr td sodium Na font size 1 sub 2 sub font hydrogen H phosphorus P oxygen O font size 1 sub 4 sub font td td 1.6 tr tr td potassium K H font size 1 sub 2 sub font PO font size 1 sub 4 sub font td td 21.0 tr tr td nitrogen N H font size 1 sub 4 sub font font size 1 sub 2 sub font sulfur S O font size 1 sub 4 sub font td td 2.6 tr tr td magnesium Mg SO font size 1 sub 4 sub font 7H font size 1 sub 2 sub font O td td 0.1 tr tr td Pyridone Sole carbon C source td td 2.0 tr tr table References cite journal author O Loughlin EJ, Sims GK, Traina SJ title Biodegradation of 2 methyl, 2 ethyl, and 2 hydroxypyridine by an Arthrobacter sp isolated from subsurface sediment journal Biodegradation volume 10 year 1999 pages 93 104 doi 10.1023 A 1008309026751 pmid 10466198 issue 2 Category Growth media ... more details
Biodegradable waste is a type of waste , typically originating from plant or animal sources, which may be degraded by other living organisms. Waste that cannot be broken down by other living organisms are called non biodegradable ref http www.wasteonline.org.uk resources informationsheets wastedisposal.htm UK waste online website ref . Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid waste sometimes called biodegradable municipal waste, or BMW as green waste , food waste , paper waste, and biodegradable plastics . Other Biodegradation biodegradable wastes include human waste , manure , sewage , slaughterhouse waste . In the absence of oxygen much of this waste will decay to methane by anaerobic digestion ref http www.cslondon.org downloads 2010 Waste Review.pdf CSL London Olympics Waste Review ref . Climate change impacts The main environmental threat from biodegradable waste is the production of methane in landfills. Methane is 21 times as potent a greenhouse gas as carbon dioxide and accounted for some 3 of total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU 15 in 1995. The Landfill Directive 1999 31 EC obliges Member States to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste that they landfill to 35 of 1995 levels by 2016, which will significantly reduce the problem ref http ec.europa.eu environment waste compost index.htm EC page on biodegradable waste ref . Uses of biodegradable waste Biodegradable waste can often be used for composting or may in future be a resource for heat, electricity and fuel ref National Non Food Crops Centre . http www.nnfcc.co.uk tools evaluation of opportunities for converting indigenous uk wastes to fuels and energy report nnfcc 09 012 NNFCC report on Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Fuels and Energy ref . References references See also Biodegradability prediction Biodegradable bags Biodegradation Biodrying Brown waste Green waste Landfill diversion List of waste types Miniwaste Waste Category Biodegradable ... more details
Automatic taxobox image Cunninghamella echinulata01.jpg image width 200px image caption Cunninghamella echinulata authority Matr. 1903 type species Cunninghamella africana type species authority Matr. 1903 authority Matruchot, 1903 Cunninghamella is a genus of fungus in the Mucorales order, and the family Cunninghamellaceae. ref MeshName Cunninghamella ref Members of this genus are often used in studies investigating the metabolism of drugs, because these species metabolize a wide range of drugs in manners similar to mammalian enzyme systems. ref name pmid18775773 cite journal author Asha S, Vidyavathi M title Cunninghamella a microbial model for drug metabolism studies a review journal Biotechnol. Adv. volume 27 issue 1 pages 16 29 year 2009 pmid 18775773 doi 10.1016 j.biotechadv.2008.07.005 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0734 9750 08 00087 6 accessdate 2009 03 17 ref Many species are also capable of oxidizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , a class of stable organic molecules that tends to persist in the environment and contains many known carcinogen ic and mutagen ic compounds. ref cite journal author Cerniglia, Carl E. title Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons journal Biodegradation volume 3 pages 351 368 year 1992 accessdate 2009 11 20 doi 10.1007 BF00129093 ref It can grow on Sabouraud s agar . ref name urlMycology Online Cunninghamella cite web url http www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au Fungal Descriptions Zygomycetes Cunninghamella title Mycology Online Cunninghamella format work accessdate 2008 12 10 ref Species The genus Cunninghamella contains 16 species ref name urlCunninghamella cite web url http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 4852 title Cunninghamella format work accessdate 2009 03 17 ref C. bainieri Cunninghamella bertholletiae C. bertholletiae C. binarieae C. blakesleeana C. clavata C. echinulata C. elegans C. homothallica C. intermedia C. multiverticillata C. phaeospora C. polymorpha C. septata C. A18 C. CL023 C. vesiculosa Se ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 396494523 Name Hydroxyquinol ImageFile Hydroxyhydrochinon.svg ImageSize 120px ImageName Chemical structure of hydroxyquinol ImageAlt Chemical structure of hydroxyquinol IUPACName benzene 1,2,4 triol OtherNames Hydroxyhydroquinone br Oxyhydroquinone br 1,2,4 Benzenetriol br 1,2,4 Trihydroxybenzene br Benzene 1,2,4 triol br 4 Hydroxycatechol br 2,5 Dihydroxyphenol br 1,3,4 Benzenetriol br 1,3,4 Trihydroxybenzene Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10331 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG C02814 InChIKey GGNQRNBDZQJCCN UHFFFAOYAX StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H6O3 c7 4 1 2 5 8 6 9 3 4 h1 3,7 9H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey GGNQRNBDZQJCCN UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 533 73 3 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASOther PubChem 10787 SMILES Oc1cc O c O cc1 InChI 1 C6H6O3 c7 4 1 2 5 8 6 9 3 4 h1 3,7 9H MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 3 sub MolarMass 126.11 g mol ExactMass 126.031694 u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Hydroxyquinol is a benzenetriol . It is a catechin biodegradation product formed by Bradyrhizobium japonicum . ref http www.springerlink.com content l2157ux170001514 Degradation of catechin by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Waheeta Hopper and A. Mahadevan, Biodegradation, Num ro Volume 8, Number 3 may 1997, Pages 159 165, DOI 10.1023 A 1008254812074 ref Hydroxyquinol 1,2 dioxygenase is an enzyme that uses hydroxyquinol and O sub 2 sub to produce 3 hydroxy cis,cis muconate . References Reflist Category Hydroxyquinols Aromatic stub lv Oksihidrohinons ja ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature , neither too hot nor too cold, typically between 25 and 40 celsius C 77 and 104 Fahrenheit F . The term is mainly applied to microorganism s. The habitats of these organisms include especially cheese , yogurt and mesophile organisms are often included in the process of beer and wine making. Organism s that prefer cold environments are termed psychrophile psychrophilic , those preferring warmer temperatures are termed Thermophile thermophilic and those thriving in extremely hot environments are hyperthermophile hyperthermophilic . See also Anaerobic digestion Mesophilic digester Psychrophile Thermophile Category Anaerobic digestion Category Biodegradable waste management Category Biodegradation Category Microbial growth and nutrition Ecology stub Microbiology stub bg cs Mezofil da Mesofil de Mesophil es Organismo mes filo eo Mezofilo fr M sophile it Mesofilo lt Mezofilis mk pl Bakterie mezofilne pt Mes filo uk ... more details
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