A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier separating two areas. Berm originates in the Middle ... ing, a berm or berme was a level space between a parapet or defensive wall and an adjacent steep ... rest for riflemen . Modern usage In modern military engineering, berm has come to mean the earthen or sod ... which the berm is constructed. Walls constructed in this manner are an effective obstacle to vehicle ... , if it is coupled to the valley shoulder a berm. ref name oed A name for either side of the flood ... level of the berm. Westm. Gaz. 10 July 1900 2 2 . ref name oed In the United States a berm bank is the bank of a canal opposite the towing path ref name oed Berm has been adopted as a wider term usually used to describe a physical, stationary barrier of some kind In modern highway construction, a berm ... the visible footprint of an earth sheltered home . In archaeology , a berm is a narrow space .... In Pennsylvania , Ohio , Indiana , and West Virginia the word berm refers to the Shoulder road shoulder of a highway. In some regions a berm refers to a road verge , or strip of grass that is located ... biking MTB Supercross and Motocross , a berm refers to a banked turn made from dirt with a tight radius . In Snowboard Cross , a berm is a wall of snow built up in a corner. ref cite web author Pro ... date accessdate 2010 06 23 ref In coastal systems, a berm is a raised ridge of pebble s or sand found at high tide or storm tide marks on a beach . In snow removal, a berm or windrow refers to the linear ... ref In open pit mining , a berm refers to dirt and Rock geology rock piled alongside a haulage road ... 06 23 ref At some sports stadiums mainly baseball , in the United States , the berm is a grass area ... Threshers play. Disneyland Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California is surrounded by a berm that was implemented ... to this berm. Some attractions, such as the Haunted Mansion and Pirates of the Caribbean ride Pirates ... outside the berm. Also, Mickey s Toontown was added to the park in 1993, and the lack of space necessitated ... more details
Summary Tactical Airfield Fuel Dispensing System berm liners and pumps. Licensing self GFDL cc by sa 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 migration redundant Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
A bell barrow , sometimes referred to as a Wessex type barrow , campanulate form barrow , or a bermed barrow is a type of tumulus identified as such by both John Aubrey and William Stukeley . Image Heywood sumner bell barrow.png thumb right Section and plan of a bell barrow with a narrow berm In the United Kingdom they take the form of a circular mound or mounds within a circular ditch, the mounds being separated from the ditch and each other by a berm . There is sometimes present an additional bank, external to the ditch. The ditch is typically the source of the material used to create the mound and is therefore described as a quarry ditch . A burial pit beneath the mound usually contains human remains, sometimes cremated, sometimes simply interred. Grave goods such as daggers or pottery vessels are commonly found within the burial pit also. An example at Sutton Veny included a bronze age wooden coffin. ref http www.magic.gov.uk rsm 12347.pdf Extract from English Heritage s Record of Scheduled Monuments Bell barrow 350m north of Haydon Farm, Sutton Veny ref The bell barrow Milton Lilbourne 2 in Wiltshire has no burial associated with it. ref http www.pastscape.org.uk hob.aspx?hob id 918833 English Heritage National Monuments Record Monument No. 918833 ref Most bell barrows in the United Kingdom date to the early Bronze Age . Leslie Grinsell constructed a Typology archaeology typology for bell barrows Type Ia A single mound with a narrow berm Type Ib A single mound with a normal berm Type Ic A single mound with a wide berm Type II Two mounds Type III Three mounds Type IV Four mounds See also Devil s Humps, Stoughton Devil s Jumps, Treyford References references External links http www.eng h.gov.uk mpp mcd bell.htm Bell Barrows monument class description Category Bronze Age Britain Category Monument types Category Barrows UK archaeology stub es T mulo en campana ... more details
Summary Information Description Arvest Ballpark field from center field berm. Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date July 22 2008 Author User Brandonrush Brandonrush User talk Brandonrush talk other versions Licensing PD self date July 2008 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Overwash is the flow of water and sediment over the crest of the beach that does not directly return to the water body such as ocean, sea, bay or lake hereafter, ocean where it originated after water level fluctuations return to normal. There are two kinds of overwash overwash by runup and overwash by inundation . In the fields of coastal geology and geomorphology, overwash refers to a landward flux of sediment due to overtopping of a dune system. Washover is the sediment deposited inland of a beach by overwash. Washover can be deposited onto the berm crest or as far as the back barrier bay , estuary , or lagoon . Category Geology Geology stub ... more details
Summary Marie Helene Premont in the lead in the first full lap of the St.Felicien Elite Women s XCO World Cup race, hitting the berm at speed in the Velo Parc section of the course. She held the lead till the end of second last lap when she was passed by Irina Kalentieva. The gap to third place rider Sabine Spitz was almost 2 30 at the end of the race. Photo by Barry McKinnon, taken at St.Felicien, QC on July 1, 2007 at the Elite Women s XCO World Cup race, using a Canon G7 camera. Licensing PD self date July 2007 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Subdivisions of Western Sahara include the following Wilayah, see provinces of Western Sahara Daerah, see districts of Western Sahara Corresponding Moroccan Regions Image Westernsaharamap.png thumb 300px Three Moroccan regions overlap the territory of Western Sahara Guelmim Es Semara also includes Moroccan territory outside of Western Sahara La youne Boujdour Sakia El Hamra Oued Ed Dahab Lagouira Morocco controls territory to the west of the berm border wall while the Polisario Front controls territory to the east see map on right . Africa topic Subdivisions of Category Geography of Western Sahara ... more details
thumb right 310px Noise barrier earth berm along Highway 12 , Sonoma County , California ... atop an earth berm . Sound abatement walls are commonly constructed using steel, concrete, masonry ..., a major factor is the availability of excess soil in the immediate area which could be used for berm construction. If the soil is present, it is often cheaper to construct an earth berm noise barrier than to haul away the excess dirt, provided there is sufficient land area available for berm construction. Generally a four to one ratio of berm cross sectional width to height is required. Thus, for example, to build a convert 6 ft m adj mid high berm, one needs an available width of convert 24 ft m . Essay date December 2009 Earth berm noise barriers can be constructed solely of excess earth ... nuance of this particular project is that the residential side of the berm is over excavated ... the aesthetic s of the earth berm which blends with scenic elements of the natural hills of Annadel State Park in the background. It may be a surprise to find out this berm is over six feet high, since ... more details
Geothermal is related to energy and may refer to The geothermal gradient and associated heat flows from within the Earth Renewable technology Earth sheltering , constructing a building into a hill side or Earth berm to reduce heating and cooling requirements Earth cooling tubes , using ambient Earth temperature to cool and dehumidify air Geothermal desalination , the production of fresh water using heat energy extracted from underground rocks Geothermal heating , methods of heating and cooling a building using underground heat Geothermal electricity , electricity generated from naturally occurring geological heat sources Geothermal heat pump , a device used for heating and cooling using the earth as a heat reservoir Direct exchange geothermal heat pump , a method of heating and cooling with the energy of the earth using direct exchange of heat Hot dry rock geothermal energy , Heating water in hot deep rock disambig ca Geot rmia ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Shadow Lake Dam is a dam on Nut Swamp Brook in Monmouth County, New Jersey . Built in 1931, it has a length of convert 600 ft m and is convert 16 ft m high. The dam impounds Shadow Lake. It has a main overflow spillway , an earthfill berm and an emergency spillway on the right. It has a discharge capacity of 1,912 cubic feet per second. Hubbard Road County Route 12 Monmouth County, New Jersey County Route 12 crosses over its crest. References http findlakes.com shadow lake new jersey nj00090.htm Shadow Lake coord 40.3530 74.0852 region US NJ type landmark display title Category Buildings and structures in Monmouth County, New Jersey NewJersey struct stub US dam stub ... more details
designation. The UN calls it simply east of the Berm , and refers to territories under Moroccan control as west of the Berm , thus not giving sanction to the claims of either party. According ... forces face restrictions on their side of the Berm. The MINURSO http www.minurso.unlb.org ceasefire.htm ... Strip BS to the South and East side of the Berm Two convert 30 km mi 0 wide Restricted Areas RA along the Berm. The Buffer Strip is included in the Restricted Area on the POLISARIO side and the Berm ... sides of the Berm are considered calm by peacekeeping standards. Annual demonstrations against ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image San Francisco Great Highway& Ocean Beach.jpg thumb 275px The northern end of the Great Highway and Ocean Beach, as seen from Sutro Heights Park The Great Highway is a road in San Francisco that forms the city s western edge along the Pacific Ocean Pacific coast. It runs for approximately Convert 3.5 mi km next to Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California Ocean Beach . Its southern end is at Skyline Boulevard California State Route 35 State Route 35 near Lake Merced it extends to Point Lobos Avenue and the Cliff House at its northern end. The Great Highway also forms the western border of Golden Gate Park . For approximately half its length, from Sloat Boulevard to Lincoln Way, the Great Highway is both an Limited access road expressway and a parallel street. The expressway is built atop a raised berm , which overlays a pre existing wall built to keep the adjacent area clear from frequent encroachment by sand dunes. Also atop the berm is a gravel jogging path and a cement walking bicycling path. The parallel street, also named Great Highway , is immediately adjacent below and to the east of the expressway, with buildings on its east side. The only access to the upper level highway is at each end. There are crosswalk s with traffic light s along this section to allow pedestrian s to reach the beach. The Dutch Windmill is situated in the north western corner of the park near the intersection of Fulton Street and the Great Highway, and the Murphy Windmill sits in the south western corner near Lincoln Way both were built to pump water into Golden Gate Park. The N Judah , a San Francisco Municipal Railway streetcar line , ends at Great Highway and Judah, while the L Taraval , another streetcar line, ends two blocks from Great Highway at Wawona and 46th Avenue. See also 49 Mile Scenic Drive Ocean Beach Public Policy Streets in San Francisco Category Streets in San Francisco, California California road stub ... more details
Wainono Lagoon is a shallow lake in the southern Canterbury, New Zealand Canterbury region of New Zealand s South Island . ref LINZ 15794 22 October 2007 ref A number of rivers flow into the lagoon, including the Hook River from the north and the Waihao River from the south. Nearby settlements include Hook, New Zealand Hook and Studholme , with the town of Waimate approximately eight kilometres west. Although it is within metres of the Pacific Ocean , the Wainono Lagoon is fresh water and separated from the sea by a gravel berm . Tests have revealed that the level of the lagoon does not fluctuate with the tide and its level of salinity is low. Fresh water, however, seeps from the lagoon into the sea. ref Derek Goring, http www.tideman.co.nz DGGWainono.htm Seepage Through the Wainono Lagoon Gravel Berm , accessed 22 October 2007. ref The Department of Conservation New Zealand Department of Conservation DOC has established the Wainono Lagoon Conservation Area to protect the natural environment of the lagoon. The Waitangi Tribunal in 1995 directed DOC to develop the lagoon as a traditional fishery resource with the Ng i Tahu . ref http www.bennion.co.nz mlr 1995 may.html The Ngai Tahu Ancillary Claims Report 1995 , Maori Law Review May 1995 , accessed 22 October 2007. ref References reflist coord 44 42 S 171 09 E display title region NZ type waterbody source GNS enwiki Category Geography of the Canterbury Region Category Lagoons of New Zealand Canterbury geo stub ... more details
6 months to build. Issues include the length of time necessary to construct miles of berm and the anticipated ... article.cfm?id oil spill may change shape of gulf coast louisiana Slosh and Berm ... of the project by the state, there would be a total of 22 miles of berm. As of October, 2010 opposition ... berm work. A total of 17 million yards of sand had been dredged by November, 2010, 12 million from ... Blog post including photographs of berm erosion lacoastpost.com Category Artificial islands ... more details
In April 2006, Saudi Arabia began to call for tenders to construct a separation barrier in the form of a fence along its border with Iraq in an attempt to prevent the violence in Iraq spilling over into Saudi Arabia. The proposed fence would run for approximately convert 900 km along Saudi Arabia s isolated northern desert border with Iraq. It is part of a larger package of fence building to secure all of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia s 6,500 kilometers of border. It would supplement the existing 7 meter high sand berm that runs along the border, in front of which there is an 8 kilometer stretch of no mans land which is regularly swept smooth so that trespassers can be tracked. See also Separation barrier Saudi Iraqi neutral zone Iraq Saudi Arabia relations External links http www.timesonline.co.uk article 0,,7374 2126835,00.html Times News story http www.cbsnews.com stories 2006 01 18 eveningnews main1218975.shtml CNN News story http www.ft.com cms s 77ec0632 744e 11db 8dd7 0000779e2340.html FT Category Separation barriers Category Iraq Saudi Arabia border ... more details
http www.basicconcepts.com QuickBerm TM is a patented berm design, a portable unit constructed of Coating and printing processes coated fabric with triangular aluminum reinforced side walls, first used by the U.S. military in the late 1980 s. The QuickBerm TM is a single piece construction design that requires no assembly. It was designed to help the military and industry to comply with the regulations of 40 CFR part 112 of the Clean Water Act also referred to as the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures SPCC regulations. Typical applications for the QuickBerm TM include containing fuel tankers during transfer operations, providing containment for above ground storage tanks ASTs , portable generator sets, and chemical and hydrocarbon storage drums. Several variations of the original QuickBerm TM exist with an http basicconcepts.com products quickberm.asp inside supported wall model , an http basicconcepts.com products quickberm os.asp outside supported wall model and the most recent http basicconcepts.com products products rigid lock quickberm.asp Rigid Lock QuickBerm TM . References Unreferenced date February 2007 Category Civil engineering Category Fortification ... more details
File OLD SARUM ditch.jpg thumb right A ditch and earth bank at Old Sarum , near Salisbury in England , dating from the Iron Age . A ditch in military engineer ing is an obstacle, designed to slow down or break up an attacking force, while a trench is intended to provide cover military cover to the defenders. In military fortifications the side of a ditch or gorge farthest from the enemy and closest to the next line of defence is known as the scarp fortification scarp while the side of a ditch closest to the enemy is known as the counterscarp . Uses In medieval fortification , a ditch was often constructed in front of a defensive wall to hinder Mining military mining and escalade activities from an attacker. When filled with water, such a defensive ditch is called a moat . Later star fort s designed by military engineers like Vauban , comprised elaborate networks of ditches and parapet s, carefully calculated so that the soil for the raised earthworks engineering earthworks was provided, as nearly as possible, entirely by the excavations whilst also maximising defensive firepower . Today ditches are obsolescent as an anti personnel obstacle, but are still often used as anti vehicle obstacles see also berm . A fence concealed in a ditch is called a ha ha . Fortifications Category Fortification sv Fortgrav uk ... more details
About civil engineering earthworks in archaeology Earthworks Archaeology Unreferenced date June 2010 File D10N atwork01.JPG thumb 300px Caterpillar D10 bulldozer at work Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving or processing of quantities of soil or unformed rock geology rock . Civil engineering use Typical earthworks include road Construction roads , railway beds, causeways , dam Earth dams dams , levee s, canal s, and berm s. Other common earthworks are land grading to reconfigure the topography of a site, or to stabilize slopes. Military use In military engineer ing, earthworks are, more specifically, types of fortification s constructed from soil. Although soil is not very strong, it is cheap enough that huge quantities can be used, generating formidable structures. Examples of older earthwork fortifications include moat s, sod defensive wall walls , motte and bailey castles, and hill fort s. Modern examples include trench warfare trenches and berm s. Equipment Heavy equipment construction Heavy construction equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved &mdash up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionised by the development of the Fresno Scraper Fresno Wheel tractor scraper scraper and other engineering vehicle earth moving machines such as the loader equipment loader , production trucks , the grader , the bulldozer , the backhoe , and the dragline excavator . Mass haul planning Engineers need to concern themselves with issues of geotechnical engineering such as soil density and strength and with quantity estimation to ensure that soil volumes in the Cut earthmoving cuts match those of the Fill dirt fills , while minimizing the distance of movement. In the past, these calculations were done by hand using a slide rule and with methods such as Simpson s rule . Now they can be performed with a computer and specialized Civil engineering software software , including optimisation on haul cost and n ... more details
Infobox Baseball Stadium stadium name Tiger Park nickname image location Baton Rouge, Louisiana broke ground 2007 opened 2009 closed demolished owner Louisiana State University operator Louisiana State University surface Natural Grass construction cost architect former names tenants LSU Tigers softball Louisiana State University Softball National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA seating capacity 1,289 2,489 including 1,200 Berm Seats dimensions L 200, C 220, R 200 Tiger Park is a college softball softball stadium located on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana . It serves as the home field of the LSU Tigers softball team and is located on Skip Bertman Drive across from the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine. The official capacity of the stadium is 1,289 people. The stadium also features an outfield berm that can accommodate an additional 1,200 fans. The stadium opened prior to the 2009 college softball season. Original Tiger Park The original Tiger Park was a college softball softball stadium located on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana . It served as the home field of the LSU Tigers softball team from 1997 2008. The official capacity of the stadium was 1,000 people, however, the stadium held more than that when important rivals come to town or during post season tournaments. The largest crowd to see a game in the original Tiger Park was on April 28, 2007 when LSU hosted Tennessee Volunteers Tennessee before a crowd of 2,326. The stadium was opened prior to the 1997 college softball season and played host to four NCAA Division I Softball Championship NCAA Regionals in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2006 and hosted the 2008 SEC Softball Tournament . The 2008 season was the twelfth and final season in the original Tiger Park. LSU closed out the original Tiger Park with a home record of 331 51, including 140 34 in the Southeastern Conference SEC and 1 1 in the Southeastern Conference SEC Tournament. External link ... more details
can form a dune cliff. Berm File TheGulfOfSalerno.jpg thumb The berm where the gravel is no longer ... of sand or a gravel ridge parallel to the shoreline and a few tens of centimetres high, known as the berm . On its landward side there is often a shallow runnel . The berm is formed by material transported ... that can no longer be washed away by the backwash remains behind. The location and size of the berm ... more details
of it. The following is one observer s description of the Berm quotation Physically, the berm is a two ... throughout the berm. The radars are estimated to have a range of between 60 and 80 km ... area. ref name examplewithin For example, a sand berm with fortifications much like on the main ... north of the main external berm along the southern border. Google Maps, as of 30 November 2006 ref Their exact ... EarthMilitary&Number 974291 The Berm of Western Sahara in Google Earth Community coord missing ... more details
seating in the right field berm area Construction of a walkway connecting the left field berm and the right field berm area. Key renovations to Indian School Park included Renovation of four full practice ... more details
. small ref name lambiek berm small After Warren s collapse, he would draw for Skorpio and Lancio in Italy ... from the works of Isaac Asimov and Raymond Chandler . small ref name lambiek berm small Sources ... more details
deep in some areas sitting on the bottom of the lake that now averages only six feet in depth. The berm ... of 1996 a convert 2 mi km sing on berm on the north side of the lake was removed, reuniting convert 300 acre km2 of floodplain with the lake to act as a natural filter. The removal of this berm also ... more details
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