File Hintere Schwaerze Nordwand HQ.jpg thumb upright 1.3 Bergschrund in the tztal Alps the long crack at the foot of the mountain slope . A bergschrund ref Whittow, John 1984 . Dictionary of Physical Geography . London Penguin, 1984, p. 61. ISBN 0 14 051094 X. ref from the German language German for mountain cleft is a crevasse that forms where the moving glacier ice separates from the stagnant ice above. It is often a serious obstacle for mountaineering mountaineers , who sometimes abbreviate bergschrund to schrund . In a Cirque corrie or cirque , the bergschrund is positioned at the rear, parallel to the back wall of the corrie. It is caused by the rotational movement of the glacier. In a longitudinal glacier, the bergschrund is at the top end of the glacier at a right angle to the flow of the glacier. It is caused by the downwards flow of the glacier. Bergschrunds extend to the bedrock and can have a depth of well over 100 metres. In winter, bergschrunds are often filled by snow from avalanche s from the mountain above it. In later summer, due to melting, it lies open and can present a very difficult obstacle to alpinists. The bergschrund is distinct from the randkluft also called rimaye which is the crevasse of which one face is the rock, back wall of the corrie. The randkluft arises in part from the melting of the ice arising from the presence of the warmer rock face. Benn & Evans . However, the randkluft is sometimes called a bergschrund Oxford English Dictionary OED . File Schnapf bergschrund.jpg thumb left Bergschrund at the Schnapfenspitze, Austria References Reflist Benn, D.I. & Evans, D.J.A. Glaciers and Glaciation 1998 ISBN 0 340 58431 9 Burchfield, R.W. ed. Oxford English Dictionary supplement 1987 ISBN 0 19 861211 7 External links Commons Bergschrund Wiktionarypar bergshrund http nsidc.org glaciers glossary bergschrund.html Glaciers glossary Category Glaciology ... de Bergschrund es Rimaya fr Rimaye it Crepaccia terminale ka pl Bergschrund ru ... more details
File Randkluft watzmann 20111005.jpg thumb Wide randkluft on the east face of the Watzmann File Hoellentalferner Randkluft Bergsteiger 20110709.jpg thumb Alpinists over the randkluft of the H llentalferner glacier A randkluft from the German language German for marginal cleft crevasse is the headwall gap between a glacier or snowfield and the adjacent rock face at the back of the cirque ref Whittow, John 1984 . Dictionary of Physical Geography . London Penguin, 1984, p. 438. ISBN 0 14 051094 X. ref or, more loosely, between the rock face and the side of the glacier. It is formed by the melting of ice against warmer rock and may be very deep. During summer therefore, a randkluft will become wider and thus more difficult for climbers to negotiate. Randklufts are often found in relatively low lying glaciers such as the Blaueis in the Berchtesgaden Alps or the H llentalferner in the Wettersteingebirge Wetterstein . A randkluft is similar to, but not identical with, a bergschrund , which is the place on a high altitude glacier where the moving ice stream breaks away from the static ice frozen to the rock creating a large crevasse. Unlike a randkluft, a bergschrund has two ice walls. See also Crevasse References Reflist External links http www.panoramio.com photo 14086375 Photo of the randkluft on the H llentalferner Glaciology stub Glaciers Category Glaciology Category Alpinism de Randkluft pt Randkluft ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox mountain name Peak 5390 photo 5390 Mountain.jpg photo caption Peak 5390 is farthest to the left elevation ft 5390 elevation ref prominence location Sitka City and Borough, Alaska , United States USA range coordinates coord 57 0 54.50 N 134 59 17.55 W type mountain region US display inline,title topo United States Geological Survey USGS Sitka first ascent easiest route Scrambling Scramble Peak 5390 is the highest peak on Baranof Island and the Alexander Archipelago which are located in southeast Alaska . Peak 5390 is an informal name, named after the peak s height in feet, but is unnamed by USGS maps. Peak 5390 ranks as the highest island based peak in the United States U.S. outside of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska and volcano s on Hawaii island Hawai&lsquo i and Maui islands. Peak 5390 takes most backpackers one or two nights to approach due to its central location on Baranof Island. However, the final ascent is relatively short as the peak is a nunatak , with only the tip of the mountain poking out of the surrounding icefield . The route to Peak 5390 navigates ridge s, a cul de sac glacier , a glacial headwall, a seasonal bergschrund , and a large icefield. Only experienced climbers should undertake a trip, and all should talk with someone who has ascended before. On a clear day, the mainland, the Coast Mountains , and distinguished peaks such as Devils Thumb and other spires in the Stikine Icecap are visible from the summit. Conversely, Peak 5390 is clearly visible from the Baranof Cross Island Trail with only the Baranof River valley separating the two. DEFAULTSORT 5390, Peak Category Mountains of Alaska Category Landforms of Sitka City and Borough, Alaska ... more details
Alec Trendall , geologist and author, was born in 1928 at Enfield, Middlesex, and in 1949 graduated in geology at London University. His PhD degree from Liverpool University was under the supervision of Robert Shackleton, a cousin of Sir Ernest Shackleton . Exploration Trendall was the geologist on the 1951 52 and 1953 54 South Georgia survey expeditions led by Duncan Carse . Trendall Crag , 1,005 m, overlooking the north side of Drygalski Fjord at the southeast end of South Georgia was named to commemorate Alec Trendall s contribution. In 2011 he published a full account of the survey expeditions entitled Putting South Georgia on the Map . ref Trendall, A 2011 Putting South Georgia on the Map ISBN 978 0 9870614 0 9 ref The Scott Polar Research Institute s digitised archive includes 305 images of Trendall ref http www.spri.cam.ac.uk library pictures catalogue sgs1951 57 search ?q trendall Trendall images in SPRI archive ref including images of a Bergschrund a hole in an ice sheet which Trendall fell down before being carried on an improvised sled, ref http www.spri.cam.ac.uk library pictures catalogue article p54.19.a18.28 Picture library catalogue ref to leave the First expedition. Geological Survey of Western Australia Trendall was Director of the GSWA from 1969 1989. ref http www.dmp.wa.gov.au 5253.aspx Geological Survey of Western Australia ref Trendall discovered the locality known as Trendall Reserve, Eastern Pilbara in 1984. It contains convincing evidence of some of the oldest known fossils known as stromatolites . ref http pilbara.mq.edu.au wiki Trendall Locality Trendal Locality ref References references External links Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Trendall, Alec ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1928 DEFAULTSORT Trendall, Alec Category 1928 births Category History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Category Living people ... more details
. A bergschrund forms when the movement of the glacier separates the moving ice from the stationary ... the bergschrund changes very little, however, studies have shown that frost shattering may happen with only small changes in temperature. Water that flows into the bergschrund can be cooled to freezing ... more details
Image Zermatt and Matterhorn.jpg thumb The Matterhorn , a classic peak A pyramidal peak , or sometimes in its most extreme form called a glacial horn , is a mountain top that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering . If the use is unambiguous within a mountain context, then the simple terms peak or horn may be used. Formation file VOLCAN PUNTIAGUDO2.jpg thumb 250px right Puntiagudo Cord n Cenizos Puntiagudo is an example of a volcano with a pydamidal peak Ice fields at the head of glacier s develop bowl shaped depression geology basins in the sides of a mountain called cirque s sometimes called corries or cwms . Cirque glaciers have specific characteristics. They have rotational sliding that abrades the floor of the basin but not the edge and that causes the bowl shape to form and also contributes to the development of the glacial moraine morainal or rock thresholds that separate them from downvalley slopes as well as hold in glacial lake s called tarns. As cirques are formed by glaciation in an alpine environment, the headwall and ridges known as ar te s become more steep and defined. This occurs due to Weathering Frost weathering freeze thaw and mass wasting beneath the ice surface. It is widely held that a common cause for headwall steepening and extension headward is the crevasse s known as bergschrund that occur between the moving ice and the headwall. This is a location where plucking and shattering has been seen by observers that explore the crevasses. A completed cirque is exposed as the glacier that was in the cirque melts away, after the periods of glaciation in the Pleistocene . When there are three or more of these cirque headwalls and ar tes joined together to form a single peak it creates a pyramid shape with very steep walls and it is called a horn or glacial horn. They are a common shape for mountain tops in well glaciated areas. The number of faces that make up the sides of a horn are dependent on the number of ... more details
Infobox Glacier glacier name Bolam Glacier image name caption type Mountain glacier location Siskiyou County, California , United States USA coordinates coord 41 25 14 N 122 12 7 W type glacier region US CA display inline,title area 0.4 miles 1.1 km length 1.4 miles 2.2 km thickness average 70 ft 21 m terminus moraine status expanding The Bolam Glacier is a glacier situated on the northern flank of Mount Shasta , in the U.S. state of California . ref cite web last first coauthors title Existing Glaciers of Mount Shasta publisher College of the Siskiyous url http www.siskiyous.edu shasta env glacial exi.htm accessdate 2007 01 23 ref ref cite web last first coauthors title Glaciers of California work Glaciers of the American West publisher Glaciers Online url http glaciers.research.pdx.edu california.php format accessdate 2007 01 23 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060903035748 http glaciers.research.pdx.edu california.php Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2006 09 03 ref It is the second longest glacier in California behind the nearby Whitney Glacier , and the fourth largest and most voluminous after the neighboring Hotlum Glacier , Whitney Glacier, and Wintun Glacier . ref cite web last Driedger first Carolyn L. coauthors Kennard, Paul M. url http pubs.er.usgs.gov usgspubs pp pp1365 title Ice volumes on Cascade volcanoes Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta publisher U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1365 year 1986 accessdate 2007 03 06 ref . The Bolam Glacier flows from a Cirque landform cirque on the north side of Mount Shasta s main summit, with the moving ice starting below a large bergschrund which spans the glacier at 12,600 ft 3,840 m ref name GE Google Earth elevation for Geographic Names Information System GNIS coordinates. ref . Above that, permanent snow and ice extends towards the summit to about 13,500 ft 4,100 m ref name GE . The glacier flows north down a steep slope and terminates near 9,800 ft 3,000 m ... more details
Infobox mountain name Mont Dolent photo MontDolent.jpg photo caption Mont Dolent elevation m 3820 elevation ref prominence m 330 prominence ref ref Swisstopo map ref parent peak Aiguille Verte map Alps location ITA , SUI range Graian Alps lat d 45 lat m 55 lat s 21 lat NS N long d 7 long m 2 long s 46 long EW E coordinates ref type first ascent 9 July 1864 by A. Reilly, Edward Whymper , Michel Croz , H. Charlet and M. Payot easiest route South face and south east ridge PD Mont Dolent 3,823 m is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif that lies on the border of Italy and Switzerland . It is generally considered the tripoint between France , Italy and Switzerland, although the point itself lies at 3,749 metres, north west of the summit of Mont Dolent ref http www.pcn.minambiente.it viewer viewer.htm?service IGM25000&box 6.79835325521947 45.7000086980552 7.10467424833438 45.9625695492965 Portale Cartografico Nazionale ref . The first ascent of the mountain was made on 9 July 1864 by A. Reilly and Edward Whymper with guides Michel Croz , H. Charlet and M. Payot. Whymper described the ascent in Scrambles amongst the Alps We occupied the 9th with a scramble up Mont Dolent. This was a miniature ascent. It contained a little of everything. First we went up to the Petit Col Ferret, and had a little grind over shaly banks then there was a little walk over grass then a little tramp over a moraine which, strange to say, gave a pleasant path then a little zizagging over the snow covered glacier of Mont Dolent. Then there was a little bergschrund, then a little wall of snow . . . The summit itself was little, very small indeed it was the loveliest little cone of snow that was ever piled up on a mountain top so soft, so pure it seemed a crime to defile it it was a miniature Jungfrau a toy summit, you could cover it with a hand. small ref Edward Whymper, Scrambles amongst the Alps , 6th edition, London John Murray, 1936, p. 195. ref small Huts Rifugio Elena 2,062 m Bivacco Fiorio 2,800 ... more details
for want of the means for bridging over a great bergschrund , returned on the following day with a ladder ... the fragility of the material and the frequency of avalanches. Towards the summit was a great bergschrund ... the bergschrund was a second and smaller plateau which was situated immediately under the long slopes ... more details
Infobox Glacier glacier name Konwakiton Glacier image name caption type Mountain glacier location Siskiyou County, California , United States USA coordinates coord 41 24 1 N 122 11 42 W type glacier region US CA display inline,title area 0.1 miles 0.3 km length 0.4 miles 0.6 km thickness average 63 ft 19 m terminus cliffs status expanding The Konwakiton Glacier is a glacier situated on the southern flank of Mount Shasta , in the U.S. state of California . It occupies the head of a large Cirque landform cirque on the south side of Shasta s Misery Hill cone, just northeast of the prominent outcrop of Thumb Rock at about 11,500 feet 3,500 m ref name GE Google Earth elevation for Geographic Names Information System GNIS coordinates. ref . It is the fifth largest glacier on Mount Shasta, although less than one third the size of any of the four larger ones Whitney Glacier Whitney , Bolam Glacier Bolam , Hotlum Glacier Hotlum , and Wintun Glacier Wintun . ref cite web last Driedger first Carolyn L. coauthors Kennard, Paul M. url http pubs.er.usgs.gov usgspubs pp pp1365 title Ice volumes on Cascade volcanoes Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta publisher U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1365 year 1986 accessdate 2007 03 06 ref The Konwakiton is the most frequently visited of Shasta s glaciers, since the standard climbing route up Avalanche Gulch skirts along its western edge above Thumb Rock saddle, with the boot track often only a few feet about a meter from the bergschrund at the glacier s head. In 2002, scientists made the first detailed survey of Mount Shasta s glaciers in 50 years. They found that seven of the glaciers have grown over the period 1951 2002, with the Hotlum and Wintun Glaciers nearly doubling, the Bolam Glacier increasing by half, and the Whitney and Konwakiton Glaciers growing by a third. ref cite book last Harris first Stephen L. title Fire Mountains of the West The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes 3rd ed. publisher Mounta ... more details
geoGroupTemplate Expand list date February 2011 There are at least 178 named lake s and reservoir s in Carbon County, Montana . Lakes Abandoned Lake , coord 45 00 36 N 109 36 11 W display inline name Abandoned Lake , el. convert 10036 ft m ref cite gnis id 805944 name Abandoned Lake ref Albino Lake , coord 45 00 52 N 109 34 47 W display inline name Albino Lake , el. convert 9990 ft m ref cite gnis id 778911 name Albino Lake ref Alp Lake Montana Alp Lake , coord 45 03 16 N 109 38 59 W display inline name Alp Lake , el. convert 9770 ft m ref cite gnis id 794090 name Alp Lake ref Anchor Lake , coord 45 03 27 N 109 42 31 W display inline name Anchor Lake , el. convert 10026 ft m ref cite gnis id 779024 name Anchor Lake ref Anvil Lake , coord 45 01 33 N 109 43 08 W display inline name Anvil Lake , el. convert 9708 ft m ref cite gnis id 794050 name Anvil Lake ref Arch Lake , coord 45 09 35 N 109 44 14 W display inline name Arch Lake , el. convert 10026 ft m ref cite gnis id 779117 name Arch Lake ref Arrowhead Lake Montana Arrowhead Lake , coord 45 01 58 N 109 36 20 W display inline name Arrowhead Lake , el. convert 10341 ft m ref cite gnis id 805945 name Arrowhead Lake ref Basin Creek Lake , coord 45 08 43 N 109 25 47 W display inline name Basin Creek Lake , el. convert 8993 ft m ref cite gnis id 779417 name Basin Creek Lake ref Bergschrund Lake , coord 45 05 31 N 109 42 38 W display inline name Bergschrund Lake , el. convert 10121 ft m ref cite gnis id 794076 name Bergschrund Lake ref Big Butte Lake , coord 45 03 43 N 109 42 13 W display inline name Big Butte Lake , el. convert 10095 ft m ref cite gnis id 779771 name Big Butte Lake ref Big Moose Lake Montana Big Moose Lake , coord 45 00 04 N 109 45 43 W display inline name Big Moose Lake , el. convert 8018 ft m ref cite gnis id 768808 name Big Moose Lake ref Big Park Lake , coord 45 07 29 N 109 43 21 W display inline name Big Park Lake , el. convert 8264 ft m ref cite gnis id 779852 name Big Park Lake ref Black Canyon La ... more details
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