8 Preprints cite arxiv author A. D. Dolgov year 1997 title Baryogenesis, 30 Years After class hep ph eprint hep ph 9707419 cite arxiv author A. Riotto year 1998 title Theories of Baryogenesis class hep ph 9807454 eprint hep ph 9807454 cite arxiv author M. Trodden year 1998 title Electroweak Baryogenesis ... more details
The Affleck Dine mechanism AD mechanism is a postulated mechanism for explaining baryogenesis during the primordial Universe immediately following the Big Bang . Thus, the AD mechanism may explain the asymmetry between matter and anti matter in the current Universe. It was proposed in 1985 by Ian Affleck and Michael Dine of Princeton University. ref name npbppB249 2 361 In the supersymmetry theory of particle physics , ordinary quark s and lepton s have scalar partners that carry Baryon number baryon and lepton number s. As the latter decay into fermion s during the early Universe, the net baryon number that they carry can then form the currently observed excess of ordinary baryons. This occurs due to interactions of the scalars with the inflaton field, resulting in CP violation s. ref name muelmenstaedt2003 ref name rmp76 1 1 The AD mechanism must have occurred during or after the reheating event that followed Inflation cosmology cosmic inflation . This may explain why the net mass of normal matter and dark matter are apparently so close to each other, rather than being widely different. ref name rmp76 1 1 See also Physical cosmology Q ball References reflist refs ref name npbppB249 2 361 cite journal author Affleck, I. Dine, M. title A new mechanism for baryogenesis journal Nuclear Physics B, Particle Physics volume B249 issue 2 pages 361&ndash 380 year 1985 doi 10.1016 0550 3213 85 90021 5 bibcode 1985NuPhB.249..361A ref ref name muelmenstaedt2003 cite web first Johannes last Muelmenstaedt date December 8, 2003 title Microphysical mechanisms for producing the baryon excess baryogenesis work Baryogenesis publisher CDF Group at LBNL url http www cdf.lbl.gov jmuelmen www Microphysical mechanisms.html accessdate 2011 01 09 ref ref name rmp76 1 1 cite journal author Dine, Michael Kusenko, Alexander title Origin of the matter antimatter asymmetry journal Reviews of Modern Physics volume 76 issue 1 pages 1 30 month December year 2003 doi 10.1103 RevModPhys.76.1 bibcode 2003RvMP ... more details
stringent though. Baryogenesis and leptogenesis are also connected by a phenomenon that happens ... Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification journal Physics Letters B volume 174 issue page 45 doi 10.1016 ... leptogenesis to denote the mechanism here described. See also Baryogenesis References reflist ... more details
saved book title Natural History subtitle An Elucidation of why we have Today cover image Geologic Clock with events and periods remake.png cover color Black Natural History An Elucidation of why we have Today In the beginning Big Bang Timeline of the Big Bang Planck units Planck epoch Quantum gravity Grand unification epoch Grand Unified Theory Inflationary epoch Inflation cosmology Inflation Electroweak epoch Electroweak interaction Quark epoch Strong interaction Quark Gluon Quark gluon plasma Hadron epoch Hadron Baryogenesis Lepton epoch Lepton Electron Positron Photon Annihilation Standard Model Big Bang nucleosynthesis Atomic nucleus Photon epoch Reionization Cosmic microwave background radiation Structure in the Universe Lambda CDM model Dark energy Dark matter Introduction to general relativity General relativity Galaxy formation and evolution Galaxy Observable universe Solar systems Nebular hypothesis Star formation Star Solar System Stellar evolution Humanity Holocene Timeline of human evolution Evidence of common descent Human Evolution of ageing Animal communication Great ape language Animal cognition Primate cognition Evolution of human intelligence Emotion in animals Evolution of emotion Evolution of morality Category Wikipedia books on science Category Wikipedia books on natural sciences Category Wikipedia books on nature ... more details
A sphaleron lang el weak, dangerous is a static time independent solution to the electroweak field equations of the Standard Model of particle physics , and it is involved in processes that violate baryon and lepton number. Such processes cannot be represented by Feynman diagram s, and are therefore called non perturbative . Geometrically, a sphaleron is simply a saddle point of the electroweak potential energy in the infinite dimensional field space , much like the saddle point of the surface math z x 2 y 2 math in three dimensional analytic geometry. In the standard model, processes violating baryon number convert three baryon s to three lepton antileptons , and related processes. This violates conservation of baryon number and lepton number , but the difference B L is conserved. A sphaleron is similar to the midpoint math tau 0 math of the instanton , so it is non perturbative . This means that under normal conditions sphalerons are unobservably rare. However, they would have been more common at the higher temperatures of the Big Bang early universe . In some theories of baryogenesis an imbalance of the number of leptons and antileptons is formed first by leptogenesis physics leptogenesis and sphaleron transitions then convert this to an imbalance in the numbers of baryons and antibaryons. References cite journal author Klinkhamer, F. R. and Manton, N. S. title A saddle point solution in the Weinberg Salam theory journal Phys. Rev. D year 1984 volume 30 issue 10 pages 2212 2220 doi 10.1103 PhysRevD.30.2212 See also Instanton Theta vacuum Category Quantum field theory Category Quantum chromodynamics Category Anomalies in physics physics stub quantum stub Mathapplied stub ca Esfaler de Sphaleron pl Sfaleron ... more details
Infobox scientist image Replace this image male.svg only free content images are allowed for depicting living people see WP NONFREE image width 150px name Edward W. Kolb birth date New Orleans, Louisiana birth place death date death place residence citizenship US nationality ethnicity field Cosmology work institution Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory br University of Chicago alma mater University of New Orleans, University of Texas Austin doctoral advisor doctoral students known for author abbreviation bot author abbreviation zoo prizes religion footnotes Edward W. Kolb , usually known as Rocky Kolb , is a cosmologist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and a professor at the University of Chicago . He has worked on many aspects of the big bang cosmology, including baryogenesis , big bang nucleosynthesis nucleosynthesis and dark matter . He is author, with Michael Turner cosmologist Michael Turner , of the popular textbook The Early Universe Addison Wesley, 1990 . Additionally, alongside his co author Michael Turner, Kolb was awarded the 2010 Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics . ref Citation title Grants, Prizes, and Awards url http aas.org grants awards.php heineman accessdate 10 February 2010 ref References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kolb, Edward W. ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rocky SHORT DESCRIPTION Cosmology s funniest man DATE OF BIRTH New Orleans, LA PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kolb, Edward W. Category Cosmologists Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category University of Chicago faculty US physicist stub US nonfiction writer stub fr Edward Kolb ru , ... more details
Physical cosmology In physical cosmology , assuming that nature is described by a Grand unification theory , the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch , starting at about 10 sup 43 sup seconds after the Big Bang , in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theory grand unified theories . If the grand unification energy is taken to be 10 sup 15 sup GeV , this corresponds to temperatures higher than 10 sup 27 sup kelvin K . During this period, three of the four fundamental interactions electromagnetism , the strong interaction , and the weak interaction were unified as the electronuclear force . Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era . During the Grand Unification Epoch, physical characteristics such as mass , charge physics charge , flavour particle physics flavour and colour charge were meaningless. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10 sup 36 sup seconds after the Big Bang. At this point several key events took place. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. The temperature fell below the threshold at which X and Y bosons could be created, and the remaining X and Y bosons decayed. Fact date July 2007 It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter see baryogenesis . This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch . References cite book last Allday first Jonathan title Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang publisher Institute of Physics Publishing date 2001 isbn 0 7503 0806 0 Big Bang timeline Category Physical cosmology Category Big Bang ca poca de la gran unificaci fr re de grande unification pl Era wielkiej unifikacji pt Era da Gr ... more details
BLP sources date January 2009 This article is for Ann Elizabeth Nelson the physicist, not actress Ann Nelson who played Mrs. Berg on Fame 1982 TV series . Ann Nelson born 1958 is a particle physicist at the University of Washington . She was a student of Howard Georgi and has been a member of the university s Particle Theory Group since 1994. She and her collaborators are known for a number of theories, including the theory of spontaneous violation of CP charge conjugation and parity symmetry , which may explain the origin of the asymmetry observed between matter and anti matter the theory of Bose Einstein condensation of kaon mesons in dense matter, which predicts strangeness in neutron stars the basic mechanism for electroweak baryogenesis which may explain the origin of matter in the universe the theory of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking to account for how supersymmetry at short distances might be compatible with the absence of observed flavor symmetry violation at long distances the Little Higgs theory which may explain why the Higgs boson must be relatively light and the theory of accelerons which relates neutrino masses to the cosmological dark energy responsible for the relatively recent acceleration of the expansion of the universe. Ann Nelson received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2004. External links http www.msnbc.msn.com id 7374458 page 2 MSNBC http www.physorg.com news527.html Phys.org http www.phys.washington.edu users anelson Ann Nelson s home page Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nelson, Ann ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1958 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nelson, Ann Category Women physicists Category American physicists Category 1958 births Category Living people Category Particle physicists Category Guggenheim Fellows Category Place of birth missing living people US physicist stub ht Ann Nelson ... more details
Other people2 David Kaplan disambiguation David B. Kaplan born 1958 is the director of the Institute for Nuclear Theory INT at the University of Washington . He earned his B.S. in 1980 from Stanford University , Ph.D. in 1985 from Harvard University as a student of Howard Georgi , was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows 1985 1988, a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego 1988 1993, and has been a Senior Fellow at the INT since 1994. He is known for the theory of composite Higgs Boson s, for work on the role of the strange quark in matter and the phenomenon of kaon condensation, for development of the theory of electroweak baryogenesis and other aspects of particle astrophysics , for contributions to effective field theory for nuclear physics , for the first formulation of lattice gauge theory with chiral fermion s, and for the construction of lattice field theories with exact supersymmetry . External links http int.phys.washington.edu INT web site http www.phys.washington.edu users dbkaplan David Kaplan s home page http www.phys.washington.edu users dbkaplan kaplan publications.html Description of David Kaplan s research Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kaplan, David B. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1958 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kaplan, David B. Category American physicists Category American nuclear physicists Category 1958 births Category Stanford University alumni Category Harvard University alumni Category Harvard Fellows Category University of California, San Diego faculty Category University of Washington faculty Category Living people Category Particle physicists US physicist stub ... more details
Hylogenesis is a Physics physical Scientific theory theory about the mechanism behind the origins of dark matter and antimatter . It was proposed in August 2010 in a paper by Hooman Davoudiasl, David E. Morrissey, Kris Sigurdson and Sean Tulin. ref name first http arxiv.org abs 1008.2399 ref ref http www.physorg.com news 2010 12 physicists mechanism dark.html ref The theory involves a fermion X, and its antiparticle overline X , both of which may couple into quark s in the visible sector, and into hidden particles in a hidden sector, a sector which is not part of the Standard Model . The hidden states have masses near a GeV and very weak couplings to particles in the Standard Model. X and overline X respectively decay into either Baryon baryonic matter or hidden baryonic matter, and into either antibaryonic matter or hidden antibaryonic matter, violating CP violation CP and quark baryon number . ref name first An excess of baryonic matter is created in the visible sector, and an excess of antimatter is created in the hidden sector. The hidden antimatter is explained as being stable dark matter. The X and overline X particles have a conserved baryon number charge, so equal and opposite charges appear in the visible and hidden sectors. Therefore, the Universe s total baryon charge stays zero. ref name first See also Baryogenesis References reflist Category Physical cosmology Category Particle physics Category Unsolved problems in physics Category Theoretical physics ... more details
S0370 2693 97 01375 0 id arxiv hep ph 9709492 ref and that Q balls might play a role in baryogenesis ... S. Dodelson, L. Widrow year 1990 title Baryon Symmetric Baryogenesis journal Physical Review Letters ... ref cite journal author K. Enqvist, J. McDonald year 1998 title Q Balls and Baryogenesis in the MSSM ... more details
Deleted image removed Image MarcelaCarena.jpg thumb Marcela Carena photo by Reidar Hahn Marcela Carena born March 22, 1962 in Buenos Aires , Argentina is a senior theoretical physicist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory . Missing image removed Image http physics.uchicago.edu images profile photos Carena.jpg Background and education Carena received her diploma in Physics from the http www.ib.edu.ar Instituto Balseiro of Bariloche, Argentina in 1985, and her Ph.D. in Physics from the http www.uni hamburg.de University of Hamburg in 1989. She was a John Stuart Bell Fellow at CERN in 1993 95 and was awarded a Marie Curie Fellowship in 1996. She was elected a Fellow of the APS American Physical Society in 2002. Carena is both a senior scientist at Fermilab and a professor in the Physics Department and the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago . Dr. Carena is married to the theoretical physicist Carlos E.M. Wagner . Research Carena s research is focused on models of physics beyond the Standard Model new physics beyond the Standard Model and their manifestations in particle physics experiments. She explores possible connections between Higgs boson , Supersymmetry , Grand Unification, Flavor Physics and Dark Matter . For example, she has developed a particle physics model which explains the matter anti matter asymmetry of the universe also known as baryogenesis . This model posits key super symmetric particles, such as a light stop scalar top quark, as well as a relatively light Higgs boson. The LHC experiments should be able to test this model definitively. Carena works closely with experimental physicists. Her interest in experimental tests of theoretical models started with the e e LEP experiments at CERN, and include now the proton anti proton experiments at the Tevatron and the proton proton experiments at the LHC . Her goal is to develop experimental tests of the latest theoretical ideas for the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking, which ... more details
Model of electroweak interactions has all the necessary ingredients for successful baryogenesis . Beyond ... 9707419 last1 Dolgov first1 A.D. title Baryogenesis, 30 Years after class hep ph year 1997 Category ... more details
In particle physics , proton decay is a Hypothesis hypothetical form of radioactive decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particle s, such as a neutral pion and a positron . ref Radioactive decays by Protons. Myth or reality?, Ishfaq Ahmad , The Nuclues, 1969. pp 69 70 ref There is currently no experimental evidence that proton decay occurs. In the Standard Model , protons, a type of baryon , are theoretically stable because baryon number is conservation of baryon number conserved under normal circumstances however, see chiral anomaly . Therefore protons will not decay into other particles on their own, because they are the lightest and therefore least energetic baryon. Some beyond the Standard Model grand unified theory grand unified theories GUTs explicitly break the baryon number symmetry, allowing protons to decay via the Higgs particle , magnetic monopoles or new X boson s. Proton decay is one of the few observable effects of the various proposed GUTs. To date, all attempts to observe these events have failed. Baryogenesis Main Baryogenesis unsolved physics Do protons Radioactive decay decay ? If so, then what is the half life ? Can nuclear binding energy affect this? One of the outstanding problems in modern physics is the predominance of matter over antimatter in the universe . The universe, as a whole, has a nonzero baryon number density that is, matter exists. Since it is assumed in physical cosmology cosmology that the particles we see were created using the same physics we measure today, it would normally be expected that the overall baryon number should be zero, as matter and antimatter should have been created in equal amounts. This has led to a number of proposed mechanisms for symmetry breaking that favour the creation of normal matter as opposed to antimatter under certain conditions. This imbalance would have been exceptionally small, on the order of 1 in every val 10000000000 val e 10 particles a split second after the Big Bang, b ... more details
ph ref CP violation and the matter antimatter imbalance main Baryogenesis unsolved physics Why does ... Electroweak Baryogenesis year 1998 cite web author Davide Castelvecchi title What is direct CP violation ... more details
threshold . During the period of baryogenesis , when the universe was extremely hot and dense ... symmetry relating matter and antimatter. The exact mechanism of this violation during baryogenesis remains ... more details
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