The avoirdupois pron en v rd p z IPA fr avwa dypw system is a system of Units of measurement weights or, properly, mass based on a pound mass pound of sixteen ounce s. It is the everyday system of weight used in the United States , and is still widely used to varying degrees by many people in Canada , the United Kingdom , and some other former British colonies despite the official metrication adoption of the metric system Citation needed date September 2010 . An alternate system of mass is generally used for precious materials, Troy weight . History of the term Image English mass units short.jpg thumb Chart showing the relationships of English weight measures. j The word avoirdupois is from Old French aveir de peis later avoir de pois , literally goods of weight Old French aveir , property, goods , also to have , comes from the Latin habere , to have, to hold, to possess property de from , cf. Latin peis weight , from Latin pensum . This term originally referred to a class of merchandise aveir de peis , goods of weight , things that were sold in bulk and were weighed on large Steelyard balance steelyards or balances. Only later did it become identified with a particular system of units used to weigh such merchandise. The imaginative orthography of the day and the passage of the term through a series of languages Latin, Anglo French and English has left many variants of the term ... stone , which was eventually defined as fourteen avoirdupois pounds. The quarter, hundredweight ... British or Imperial unit imperial adaptation of the avoirdupois system class wikitable Table of mass ... in North America used the avoirdupois system. But they continued to use the British system as it was, without ... In the avoirdupois system, all units are multiples or fractions of the pound mass Pound .28avoirdupois.29 ... Avoirdupois de Avoirdupois hr Avoirdupois sustav mjera nl Avoirdupoids ja pt Avoirdupois ru simple Avoirdupois zh ... more details
Summary Information Description An oil on canvas painting titled Avoirdupois by Max Weber. It was painted in 1915. Source Baltimore Museum of Art BMA 1970.31 Date 1915 Author Max Weber Permission other versions Licensing PD US ... more details
File Gold1oz.jpg thumb A gold bar weighing one troy ounce Image American Platinum Eagle 2008 Proof Rev.jpg 224px thumb 1 troy ounce coin example 1 oz. Platinum Eagle File 1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg thumb A Good Delivery silver bar weighing 1000 troy ounces The troy ounce ozt is a unit of imperial measure . In the present day it is most commonly used to gauge the weight and therefore the price of precious metals . One troy ounce is equivalent to B 31.1034768 B gram s. There are 32.1507466 troy oz in 1 kg. One troy ounce is equivalent to 1.09714 avoirdupois ounces. The troy ounce is part of the troy weights system derived from the Roman currency Roman monetary system . The Romans used bronze bars of varying weights as currency. An aes grave weighed equal to 1 Pound mass pound . One twelfth of an aes grave was called an uncia , or in English an ounce . Later standardization would change the ounce to 1 16 of a pound the avoirdupois ounce , but the troy ounce, which is 1 12 of a troy pound note that a troy pound is lighter than an avoirdupois pound , has been retained for the measure of precious metals. At 480 grain mass grain s, the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, which weighs 437.5 grains. A grain is 64.79891 milligrams mg hence one troy ounce is 31.1034768 gram s g exact by definition , about 10 percent more than the avoirdupois ounce, which is 28.349523125 g exact . ref cite web name Troy Ounce title Troy Ounce url http www.troy ounce.com work Troy Ounce What is a Troy Ounce? accessdate 2009 08 31 ref ref cite web title Statutory Instrument 1994 No. 2867 The Units of Measurement Regulations 1994 url http www.opsi.gov.uk si si1994 uksi 19942867 en 1 accessdate 2010 01 10 ref To maintain purity standards and common measures across time, the troy ounce was retained over the avoirdupois ounce in the weighing and pricing of gold , platinum , silver and gunpowder. Likewise, the grain, identical in both the troy and avoir ... more details
Refimprove date August 2009 A pennyweight abbreviated dwt is a unit of mass that is equal to 24 Grain measure grains , 1 240 of a Troy weight troy pound, 1 20 of a troy ounce , approximately 0.054857 ounce avoirdupois ounce ref Calculated using the relationships br 1 avoirdupois ounce 437.5 grains br 1 troy ounce 480 grains ref and approximately 1.555 gram s. ref Calculated using the relationship br 1 troy ounce 31.1034768 grams ref Historically, a British one penny coin pre decimal British penny s weight was literally, as well as monetarily, 1 240 of a troy pound of sterling silver . The troy pound and the pennyweight lost their official status in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the Weights and Measures Act of 1878. Only the troy ounce and its decimal subdivisions remained official after the 1878 act. The troy ounce enjoys a specific legal exemption from metrication in the UK. The pennyweight is the common weight used in the valuation and measurement of precious metals. Jewellers use the pennyweight in calculating the amount and cost of precious metals used in fabricating or casting jewelry. Similarly, dentists and dental labs still use the pennyweight as the measure of precious metals in dental crownsed and inlays. Citation needed date January 2010 The most common abbreviation for pennyweight is dwt d , for the Roman denarius , was the abbreviation for penny before decimalisation of the British monetary system. Alternate abbreviations are pwt and PW . The pennyweight bears no relation to the weight of current penny coins. The weight of a US penny minted after 1982, for example, is 2.5 grams. ref http www.usmint.gov about the mint index.cfm?action coin specifications ref References references Category Obsolete units of measure Category Units of mass de Pennyweight es Pennyweight pt Pennyweight ... more details
in grain measure grain s International avoirdupois ounce align right 28.3495231 align right 437.5 ... ounce align right 50 It makes no sense to convert to grains International avoirdupois ounce The avoirdupois ounce is the most commonly used ounce today. It is defined to be one sixteenth of an Pound mass Avoirdupois pound avoirdupois pound . The avoirdupois pound is defined as 7000 grains ... of Nations agreed to define the international avoirdupois ounce to be exactly frac 0.45359237 ... to identify it as an avoirdupois ounce there is no troy ounce force. Clarify reason a troy ounce force ... more details
File 1 oz of fine gold.jpg thumb Troy ounce is a traditional unit of gold weight. Troy weight is a system of Physical unit unit s of mass customarily used for precious metal s, black powder , and gemstone s. Named after Troyes , France, the troy system of weights was known to exist in medieval times, at the celebrated fair at Troyes in northeastern France. One cubic inch of distilled water, at 62 Fahrenheit F 17 Celsius C , and at a barometric pressure of 30 inch of mercury inches of mercury , was determined to weigh 252.458 troy grain measure grain s gr . ref cite book last Wightman first S. coauthors Blanchard, William title Wightman s Arithmetical Tables location Westminster publisher S. Wightman year 1840 oclc 43196919 ref There are 12 troy ounces per troy pound, ref name dictionary.com cite web title Troy Ounce url http dictionary.reference.com browse troy 20ounce work WordNet 3.0, Dictionary.com publisher Princeton University accessdate 2008 01 10 ref rather than the 16 ounces per pound found in the more common avoirdupois avoirdupois system . The avoirdupois pound is 14 sup 7 sup sub 12 sub 14.583 troy ounces. Although troy ounces are still used to weigh gold, silver and gemstones, the troy pound is no longer used. Units of measurement Troy pound troy The troy pound troy is 5,760 grains 373.24 g, 12 ozt , while an avoirdupois pound is heavier at 7,000 grains 453.59 g . Troy ounce ozt main Troy ounce One troy ounce ozt is equal to 31.1034768 grams. Pennyweight dwt main Pennyweight The pennyweight symbol is dwt . There are 24 grains in 1 dwt, and 20 dwt in one troy ounce. Because there were 12 troy ounces in the old troy pound, there would have been 240 pennyweights to the pound the basis of the fact that the old pound sterling British pound currency contained 240 pence. However, prior to 1526, English pound sterling was based on the tower pound , which is frac 15 16 of a troy pound. The d in dwt stands for denarius , the ... more details
A gold gram is the amount of value represented by exactly one gram of gold . It is a unit of account frequently used for digital gold currencies . It is sometimes denoted by the symbol gg , AUG , or GAU . A milligram of gold is sometimes referred to as a mil or mgg. Therefore, 1 AUG 1 gg 1000 mgg 1000 mil, and 1 mil 1 mgg 0.001 gg 0.001 AUG. This allows gold holdings and transfers to take place in tiny fractions of a gram equivalent to a few Cent currency cents A possible source of confusion is that gold is often priced on the open market in the more traditional troy ounce one troy ounce is exactly 31.1034768 grams, which is larger than the avoirdupois ounce generally in use in the United States and has a mass of 28.35 grams . GoldMoney uses goldgram prices of gold with the smallest denomination being 1 mil equivalent to approximately US .0455 as of late December 2010 . Kilogram gold prices are commonly used by the Zurich Gold Pool where 1,000 kilograms one metric tonne . Elements as GOLD is AU and its number 79. External links http dgcsc.org goldprices.htm Prices of Gold Grams in various fiat currencies Category Gold investments Category Digital gold currencies econ stub ... more details
A zolotnik in Russian language Russian abbreviation abbr. zol. was a small Russia n weights and measures unit of weight , equal to 0.1505 avoirdupois ounce s, or 4.2658 gram s about 65.83 grain measure grain s . Used from the 10th to 20th centuries, its name is derived from the Russian word zoloto , meaning gold . It is therefore related to the words gold and yellow . As a unit, the zolotnik was the standard for silver manufacture, much as the troy weight troy ounce is currently used for gold and other precious metal s. This unit was originally based on a coin of the same name. The zolotnik circulated in the Kievan Rus until the 11th century it was equal in weight to the Byzantine Empire s solidus . Relation to other units The Russian pound was known as the funt . Originally, there were 96 zolotnik in a pound this ratio was changed to 72. A smaller unit, the lot unit lot , was equal to three zolotnik. There were 96 dolya in a single zolotnik. See also Zloty Obsolete Russian weights and measures Obsolete Tatar weights and measures Russian measurements Berkovets Pood External links http www.convert me.com en convert units weight weight.zolotnik.en.html Conversion factors from zolotnik to other units of mass contemporary and ancient Category Obsolete units of measure Category Units of mass et Solotnik fr Zolotnik ru uk ... more details
The dharni lang ne dh rni is an obsolete Units of measurement unit of mass , formerly used in Nepal , of about 2 seer unit seer . It was divided into 2 bisauli unit bisauli , 4 Bori unit bo i , or 12 Pao unit p u . ref name Turner citation last Turner first Ralph Lilley authorlink Ralph Lilley Turner title A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language url http dsal.uchicago.edu dictionaries turner location London publisher K. Paul, Trench, Trubner year 1931 page 328 . ref The United Nations Statistical Office gave an approximate equivalence of 2.3325 kilogram s 5.142 Pound mass pounds avoirdupois in 1966. ref name UN citation author Statistical Office of the United Nations title World Weights and Measures. Handbook for Statisticians id ST STAT SER.M 21 Rev.1 location New York publisher United Nations year 1966 . ref References reflist External links http www.sizes.com units dharni.htm Sizes.com Category Units of mass Category Customary units in India Category Obsolete units of measure Measurement stub ... more details
ounce avoirdupois of water, but in the U.S. it is defined as frac 1 128 of a U.S. gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.041 ounces avoirdupois. The saying a pint s a pound the world ... avoirdupois. An imperial pint of water weighs a pound and a quarter. File 20floz oz591ml.jpg thumb ... font br Exact conversions shown in bold font colspan 3 Avoirdupois 1 Grain measure grain gr frac ... English systems of mass tower, apothecaries system apothecaries , troy weight troy , avoirdupois system avoirdupois , and metric system metric . Of these, it is the avoirdupois system, which is the most ... in the U.K. and commonwealth countries, is based on avoirdupois, with variations from U.S. customary units larger than a pound. The pound avoirdupois, which forms the basis of the U.S. customary ... and other English speaking countries in 1959. Other units of mass are defined in terms of it. The avoirdupois ... of Force physics force . For instance, in many contexts, the Pound mass pound avoirdupois is used ... mass slug is another unit of mass derived from pound force. Troy weight, avoirdupois weight, and apothecaries ... from the pound and ounce in avoirdupois in terms of their relationships to grains and to each other ... unit dram , troy has pennyweight , and avoirdupois has just dram, sometimes spelled drachm . The dram in avoirdupois weighs just under half of the dram in apothecaries . The fluid dram unit of volume ... when publishing non avoirdupois weights to mention the name of the system along with the unit ... likely to be assumed to mean an ounce avoirdupois. For the pound and smaller units, the U.S. ... larger than the pound. The definition of the pound avoirdupois in the imperial system is identical ... more details
. At that time aluminum was 1.00 per avoirdupois ounce . For perspective, silver was 1.30 per troy ounce 1.18 per avoirdupois ounce 100 ounces about 2.8 kg of aluminum were needed to produce ... more details
Primary sources date July 2009 Image Beocom telephone.jpg thumb 280px Beocom 1000 from Bang & Olufsen displayed at Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology in Oslo . BeoCom is a line of telephones manufactured by Bang & Olufsen . Between the BeoCom 1 also known in some markets as BeoCom 6000 and the BeoCom 2 phones there is much interoperability. The current versions of these telephones use independent wireless base stations known by the name BeoLine . The Mark 1 version of the BeoLine PSTN base can support up to six BeoCom handsets. the Mark 2 version of the Beoline PSTN base can support eight BeoCom handsets. BeoCom 1000 as shown in image was designed by http www.scandinavian designers.com Gideon Loewy Lindinger Loewy Industrial Design ApS., Copenhagen Denmark, now Scandinavian Design Consultant Company Ltd., Taiwan in 1983, launched on the market in 1985 and withdrawn in 2003. BeoCom 1 The BeoCom 1 is a model of cordless telephone designed by Henrik Sorig Thomsen Henrik S rig Thomsen and supplied by Bang & Olufsen . The handset is 159 mm 6 inches in length, 51 mm 2 inches wide, and weighs 170 g 6 avoirdupois oz . It transmits its signals at 2.4 gigahertz . The BeoCom 1 is the phone that is used to connect Howie Mandel to the Banker on the US version of Deal or No Deal US game show Deal or No Deal . An identical looking model known as the BeoCom 6000 is sold in non US markets, and it uses the DECT standards. BeoCom 2 The BeoCom 2 is a model of cordless telephone designed by David Lewis and supplied by Bang & Olufsen . The handset is 321mm 1 foot in length with base, and weighs 220 g 7.7 avoirdupois oz . It transmits its signals at 2.4 gigahertz in North America, and using DECT frequencies elsewhere. BeoLine PSTN and BeoLine ISDN The BeoLine is the wireless telephone base station for the BeoCom handsets, designed to connect multiple handsets to an external telephone line. The BeoLine provides a simple PBX , which can route calls to different handse ... more details
English may refer to something of, from, or related to England , a constituent country of the United Kingdom, especially The English language The English people Other Johnny English , 2003 British comedy film John English Junior Middle School , Ontario, Canada English surname , people with the family name English English Electric , a former British electrical engineering and aircraft manufacturer English horn , a woodwind musical instrument English Opening , a chess opening ENGLISH programming language English major , an academic curriculum involving the study of English literature or English writing at a post secondary level, a student taking this curriculum, or a student who has completed and graduated from it English, a chiefly American expression for Glossary of cue sports terms English side spin of a ball in sports The avoirdupois system of weights See also Culture of England English culture Englishness English riding English saddle English studies disambig geo http incubator.wikimedia.org wiki Wp anp af Engels dubbelsinnig ang Englisc br Saoz da Engelsk flertydig de Englisch fa fr Anglais homonymie gl Ingl s ko hi ilo English it Inglese hu Angol egy rtelm s t lap ml nl Engels doorverwijspagina ja no Engelsk andre betydninger pl English pt Ingl s sq Anglez simple English tl Ingles paglilinaw th tr English vo English ... more details
wiktionary grain Grain refers to coarse particles e.g. grain of sand , grain of salt Food grain s, the small, hard, fruits or seeds of arable crops or the crops bearing these fruits or seeds. Includes the cereal grains caryopsis of grass plants pseudocereal s starchy grains produced by broadleaf plants used like true cereals Pulse legume pulses or grain legumes Whole grain s, the cereal grains that contain bran and germ as well as the endosperm oilseeds Film grain , the gritty texture sometimes apparent on images produced using photographic film or paper grainy Fine grained , designating a more finely differentiated form of a technical or abstract system, in contrast to coarse grained , a less differentiated one Grain unit , a unit of mass equal to 64.79891 milligrams, 1 7,000th of an avoirdupois pound Grain, or particle size , for particles of rock in geology Crystallite or grain in metallurgy, a single crystal inside solid state matter Solid fuel rocket Grain geometry Grain , a solid propellant charge, roughly a hollow cylinder, sometimes textured, and possibly very large Granular synthesis , a method for digital musical instruments operating on the microsound time scale Grain surfboard company , a company that manufactures hollow wooden surfboards Wood grain , the alignment and texture of the fibres in wood Or, more generally Grain cipher , a stream cipher designed for restricted hardware environments and submitted to eSTREAM in 2004 by Martin Hellman et al. Isle of Grain in Kent, England, on which lies the village of Grain GRAIN is an international non governmental organization for sustainable agriculture disambig ar cs Zrno rozcestn k de Grain es Grano eo Grajno fr Grain it Grano pt Gr o simple Grain disambiguation sk Zrno uk ... more details
Long ton weight ton or imperial ton is the name for the unit called the ton in the avoirdupois or Imperial unit Imperial system of measurements, as used in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth countries. It has been mostly replaced by the tonne , and in the United States by the short ton . One long ton is equal to convert 2240 lb kg sigfig 4 , 1.12 times as a short ton, or convert 35 cuft m3 sigfig 4 of salt water with a density of 64 lb ft 1.025 g ml . ref http www.msc.navy.mil msfsc glossary.htm Glossary ref It has some limited use in the United States, most commonly in measuring the Displacement ship displacement of ship s, and was the unit prescribed for warship s by the Washington Naval Treaty &mdash for example battleship s were limited to a mass of convert 35,000 LT t ST abbr off . See also Short ton convert 2000 lb kg sigfig 4 abbr on . Tonnage volume measurement used in maritime shipping. Originally based on convert 100 cuft sigfig 3 . Tonne , also known as a metric ton t convert 1000 kg lb sigfig 4 abbr on . References reflist Category Units of mass Category Customary units in the United States Ton, long Category Imperial units Ton, long be x old cs Imperi ln tuna de Britische Tonne hu Angol tonna nl Long ton pt Tonelada de deslocamento ru simple Long ton fi Pitk tonni ... more details
Taxobox name Zanzibar Bushbaby ref name msw3 MSW3 Groves pages 126 ref status LC trend unknown status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2008 assessors Butynski, T. M. M., De Jong, Y., Perkin, A., Bearder, S. & Honess, P. year 2008 id 8790 title Galagoides zanzibaricus downloaded 1 January 2009 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Galagidae genus Galago genus Galago species G. zanzibaricus binomial Galago zanzibaricus binomial authority Paul Matschie Matschie , 1893 range map Zanzibar Bushbaby area.png range map caption Zanzibar Bushbaby range The Zanzibar Bushbaby Galago zanzibaricus is a primate of the Galagidae family biology family . An adult typically weighs 100&ndash 300 gram s and is 34&ndash 39.5 centimetre s long 3.5&ndash 10.5 Ounce International avoirdupois ounce oz , 13.5&ndash 15.5 inch in . Like other species of galago s, their diet consists mainly of fruit . Citation needed date August 2010 For a time, this species and Prince Demidoff s Galago were removed from the genus Galago and placed into the new genus Galagoides . Recent work in molecular systemics have shown that this removal was erroneous, the two species have been returned to the Galago genus, and Galagoides made defunct. Citation needed date August 2010 There are two subspecies of this bushbaby Galago zanzibaricus zanzibaricus Galago zanzibaricus cocos References Wikispecies Galagoides zanzibaricus Zanzibar Bushbaby Reflist Galagidae nav Also see related links Steve Gilmore Category Mammals of Africa Category Lorises and galagos primate stub br Galago Zanzibar de Sansibar Galago eu Galago zanzibaricus ko it Galago zanzibaricus sr ... more details
Merge to CZ 75 date October 2010 Infobox Weapon name CZ 97B image Deleted image removed File Lunde CZ 97 BD.jpg 300px caption The CZ 97BD variant equipped with a manual decocker and night sights. ref http lundestudio.com 2008SHOTShow Ken Lunde s Shot Show review page ref origin flag Czech Republic type Semi automatic pistol Type selection is ranged yes Production history designer Koucky Brothers design date 1997 manufacturer esk Zbrojovka Uhersk Brod Ceska Zbrojovka production date 1997 number ? General specifications weight 1.09 Kilogram kg 2.4 Avoirdupois lb length 211 mm 8.3 in part length 122 mm 4.8 in width 35 mm 1.4 in height 150 mm 5.9 in crew Ranged weapon specifications cartridge .45 ACP caliber .45 ACP action Semiautomatic, mechanically locked, recoil operated rate velocity range max range feed 10 rounds detachable box sights Front blade, rear square notch The CZ 97B is a semi automatic handgun introduced in 1997 in caliber .45 ACP . The CZ 97B is the big bore brother to the CZ 75 CZ 75B . Features include a screw in barrel bushing and loaded chamber indicator. It retains all the functionality, ergonomics and accuracy of its smaller sibling. The CZ 97B carries a full 10 rounds in the double column magazine. External links http www.czub.cz cz catalog 79 pistole cz PST CZ 97 B.aspx Profile at the Ceska Zbrojovka official website Category .45 ACP firearms Category Czech semi automatic pistols pistol stub fr CZ 97B ... more details
Two other uses the community in California Zentner, California the Argentinian comic and writer Jorge Zentner The zentner German language German Zentner , from Latin centenarius , derived from centum meaning hundred is an old name for a unit of mass used predominantly in Germany , Austria , and Switzerland , although it is also sometimes used in the United Kingdom for example, as a measure of the weight of certain agriculture crops including hops for beer production. Like the notion of hundredweight , it is the weight of 100 units, where the value of the unit depends on the context time and location . The term has fallen into disuse. Traditionally the unit was one hundred pound mass pound German Pfund , roughly 50000 gram s the precise value again being context dependent making one zentner equal to about 50 kilogram s. In later times, with the adoption of the metric system , the value came to denote exactly 50 kg, at least in Germany in Austria and Switzerland the term is now in use for a measure of 100 kg. From the University of North Carolina s Dictionary of Units of Measure blockquote sup 1 sup a traditional German unit of weight or mass, comparable to the traditional quintal and to the English hundredweight. Similar units were used in Scandinavia. Originally the zentner was equal to 100 pfund, or German pounds. 100 pfund varied from 110 to as much as 120 pounds avoirdupois 49.9 54.4 kilograms , depending on the market blockquote References http www.metas.ch de scales systemch.html for the meaning of Zentner in Switzerland Sources sup 1 sup http www.unc.edu rowlett units dictZ.html University of North Carolina Dictionary of Units of Measure. See also Quintal centner Category Units of mass Category Obsolete units of measure measurement stub de Zentner ... more details
The arratel or arr tel , also referred as libra pound , was the fundamental unit of weight of the ancient Obsolete Portuguese units of measurement Portuguese System of Measurement Units . Until the adoption of the Metric System in the 19th century, the arratel was used in Portugal , Brazil and other parts of the Portuguese Empire . ref name MONTEVERDE MONTEVERDE, Emilio Achilles, Manual Encyclopedico para Uzo das Escolas de Instruc o Primaria , Lisboa Imprensa Nacional, 1861. ref The real value of the arratel has undergone changes from the Middle Ages until it was fixed with the same value as the libra pound mass Iberian pound , by decree of King Manuel I of Portugal in 1499 . Thereafter, arratel has become the alternative official Portuguese designation for the pound. ref name LOPES http www.spmet.pt medidas edimat.pdf LOPES, Lu s Seabra, A cultura da medi o em Portugal ao longo da hist ria , Educa o e Matem tica n 84, 2005 ref ref Dicion rio Enciclop dico Lello Universal , Oporto Lello & Irm o, 2002. ref Arratel values 13th century Arratel 12 on as ounce s 25 32 libras 0,3596 kilogram kg ref name LOPES 15th century Arratel 14 on as 0,4025 kg ref name LOPES 1499 Arratel 16 on as 1 libra 1,011 Avoirdupois pound 0,4590 kg. ref name MONTEVERDE ref name LOPES References Reflist See also Portuguese customary units Pound mass Category Units of mass pt Arr tel ... more details
, and for consistency with other medical orders, metric units are preferred to avoirdupois ... abroad. ref name wms One such standard, the avoirdupois pound , was later fixed officially at exactly 7000 troy grains. It consists of 16 avoirdupois ounces of 437 troy grains each. ref name NIST See ... more details
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