Romano Amerio Lugano, June 22, 1905 Lugano, October 4, 1997 was a Roman Catholic theologian and a late critic of post Conciliar evolutions in liturgy and ecclesiology . His Masterpiece magnum opus is Iota Unum , a work dedicated to the study of philosophical relationships between Truth and Life. Italian by nationality, he taught philosophy and greco roman classics at the academy of Lugano in Switzerland . He served as a peritus at Vatican Council II and was an adviser to the Conservative cardinal Giuseppe Siri . He was an insider at the Council and grew more and more critical of the aggiornamento as the events unfolded. He had studied in detail the philosophy of 17th century Italian poet Tommaso Campanella , of whose work he later became a professional scholar. In his writings, Amerio identifies three syllabus es which he says were implicitly and intellectually negated during the conciliar period the encyclical Quanta Cura , condemning liberalism and masonic ideology, the decree Lamentabili Sane Exitu concerning radical biblical criticism, and the encyclical Humani Generis of 1950, which reproves of new ecclesial anthropologies and ecclesiologies. Amerio was also opposed to liturgical creativity , and his thought on this issue was essentially in line with the encyclical Mediator Dei of Pius XII, which precisely held that liturgy was a cultus , and not so much a self celebration. Amerio also examined institutional changes in the Holy Office and felt that the formal abandonment of the term heresy in official enquiries and procedures had dramatic consequences on Church life, studies and Christian academics. Amerio was a promoter of apologetics and was dismayed by the abandonment of notions of conversion and disputation in favour of a purely dialectic approach between Church and World. He held to traditional Thomism and Augustinianism and deeply disliked the common embrace of Kantism , Hegelianism and Spinozism among many Christian intellectuals. Amerio s essays were pr ... more details
and the Church Fathers . A specific brand of Leuven Augustinianism developed in this context, and characterized ... Augustinianism was Cornelius Jansenius Cornelius Jansen , after whom Jansenism is named. After ... more details
Historical Christian theology Radical Orthodoxy is Christian theological and philosophical school of thought which makes use of postmodern philosophy to reject the paradigm of modernity . The movement was founded by John Milbank and others and takes its name from the title of a collection of essays published by Routledge in 1999 Radical Orthodoxy, A New Theology , edited by John Milbank, Catherine Pickstock and Graham Ward theologian Graham Ward . Radical Orthodoxy includes theologians from a number of church traditions. Beginnings Radical Orthodoxy s beginnings are found in a series of books edited by John Milbank, Catherine Pickstock and Graham Ward. Milbank s Theology and Social Theory 1990 , while not part of this series, is considered the first significant text of the movement. The name Radical Orthodoxy was chosen initially since it was a more snappy title for the book series initially Milbank considered the movement to be postmodern critical Augustinianism , emphasising the use of a reading of St Augustine influenced by the insights of postmodernism in the work of the group. The name was also chosen in opposition to certain strands of so called radical theology, for example those of Bishop John Shelby Spong . Such forms of radical theology asserted a highly liberal version of Christian faith where certain doctrines, for example, the Trinity and the incarnation of God in Christ were denied in an attempt to respond to modernity. In contrast to this, Radical Orthodoxy attempted to show how the orthodox interpretation of Christian faith as given primarily in the ecumenical creeds was in fact the more radical response to contemporary issues and more rigorous and intellectually sustainable. Main ideas Radical Orthodoxy is a critique of modern secularism and Kantian accounts of metaphysics . The name Radical Orthodoxy emphasizes the movement s attempt to return to or revive traditional doctrine. wiktionary Radical Radical lat. radix , root , Orthodoxy gr. polytonic ... more details
of Augustinianism , which was condemned by the Catholic Church during the Counter Reformation . The only ... of Augustinianism, is within the Calvinism Calvinist branch of the Protestant Reformation ... between Augustinianism and Pelagianism . In the Barthian scheme, predestination only properly ... more details
Five Articles TULIP Total depravity also called absolute inability , radical corruption , total corruption , or Augustinianism is a theology theological doctrine that derives from the Augustine of Hippo Augustinian concept of original sin . It is the teaching that, as a consequence of the Fall of Man , every person born into the world is enslaved to the service of sin and, apart from the irresistible grace efficacious or prevenient grace prevenient divine grace grace of God , is utterly unable to choose to follow God or choose to accept salvation as it is offered. It is also advocated to various degrees by many Protestant confessions of faith and catechisms, including those of Lutheranism , ref The Book of Concord , The Thorough Declaration of the Formula of Concord, http www.bookofconcord.org fc sd originalsin.html chapter II, sections 11 and 12 The Augsburg Confession , http www.reformed.org documents augsburg.html Article 2 ref Arminianism , ref Arminius, James The Writings of James Arminius three vols. , tr. James Nichols printer James Nichols and W. R. Bagnall Grand Rapids Baker, 1956 , I 252 ref and Calvinism . ref Canons of Dordrecht , http www.reformed.org documents canons of dordt.html The Third and Fourth Main Points of Doctrine Westminster Confession of Faith , http www.reformed.org documents wcf with proofs ch VI.html chapter 6 Westminster Larger Catechism , http www.reformed.org documents wlc w proofs WLC 001 050.html Question 25 Heidelberg Catechism , http www.reformed.org documents heidelberg.html question 8 ref Summary of the doctrine Total depravity is the fallen state of man as a result of original sin. The doctrine of total depravity asserts that people are by nature not inclined or even able to love God wholly with heart, mind, and strength, but rather all are inclined by nature to serve their own will and desires and to reject the rule of God. Even religion and philanthropy are wicked to God to the extent that these originate from a human imagin ... more details
, Germany and elsewhere. The Reformation foundations engaged with Augustinians Augustinianism ... . The Augustinianism of the Reformers struggled against Pelagianism , a heresy that they perceived ... engaged with Augustinian theology Augustinianism . Both Luther and Calvin thought along lines linked with the theological teachings of Augustine of Hippo. The Augustinianism of the Reformers ... more details
Very long date March 2010 Lead missing date September 2009 Main Protestant Reformation Counter Reformation See also Christianity in the 15th century Christianity in the 17th century Age of Discovery 1492 1769 During the Age of Discovery , the Roman Catholic Church established a number of Mission Christian Missions in the Americas and other colonies in order to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the Indigenous peoples of the Americas indigenous peoples . At the same time, missionaries such as Francis Xavier as well as other Society of Jesus Jesuits , Augustinians , Franciscans and Dominican Order Dominicans were moving into Asia and the Far East. Under the Padroado treaty Portuguese patronage with the Holy See, by which the Vatican delegated to the kings the administration of the local Churches, the Portuguese sent missions into Africa, Brasil and Asia. While some of these missions were associated with imperialism and oppression, others notably Matteo Ricci s Jesuit China missions were relatively peaceful and focused on integration rather than cultural imperialism . The expansion of the Catholic Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire with a significant roled played by the Roman Catholic Church led to the Christianization of the indigenous populations of the Americas such as the Aztec s and Inca s. Later waves of colonial expansion such as the Scramble for Africa or the struggle for European colonies in India India , by the Netherlands Dutch , England , France , Germany and Russia led to Christianization of other native populations across the globe such as the Indigenous peoples of the Americas American Indians , Filipino people Filipinos , India ns and Africa ns led to the expansion of Christianity eclipsing that of the Roman period and making it a truly global religion. Protestant Reformation 1521 1579 The Renaissance yielded scholars the ability to read the scriptures in their original languages and this in part stimulated the Protestant Reformation ... more details
other uses POV date December 2010 File Preobrazhenie.jpeg thumb 200px Russian Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox icon of the Transfiguration of Jesus Transfiguration Theophanes the Greek , ca. 1408 For other uses of the term contemplation , see Contemplation disambiguation Theoria wikt is Greek language Greek for contemplation . ref http books.google.co.uk books?id jlpsmkb1q2oC&pg PA358&lpg PA358&dq theoria contemplation&source bl&ots oQMHdAR09C&sig A8hJH aWHWUZfBAmnGy3ADvbVM&hl en&ei MJanTMnnAYqQjAeKyKTuDA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CB0Q6AEwAzgU v onepage&q theoria 20contemplation&f false Andrew Louth, Theology of the Philokalia in Abba The Tradition of Orthodoxy in the West St Vladimir s Seminary Press 2003 ISBN 0 88141 248 1 , p. 358 ref It corresponds to the Latin word contemplatio , looking at , gazing at , being aware of . ref http books.google.com books?id 8Y2gX6JQr 4C&pg PA24&dq johnston 22inner eye 22 theoria&hl en&ei AmSnTOeEK4PEswae8 GZDA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CCUQ6AEwAA v onepage&q&f false William Johnson, The Inner Eye of Love Mysticism and Religion HarperCollins 1997 ISBN 0 8232 1777 9 , p. 24 ref ref http perseus.mpiwg berlin.mpg.de cgi bin resolveform?lookup qewri 2Fa&lang greek Liddell and Scott ref ref http www.perseus.tufts.edu hopper text?doc contemplatio&fromdoc Perseus 3Atext 3A1999.04.0059 Lewis and Short contemplatio ref Introduction The Greek language Greek theoria , from which the English word theory is derived, meant contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at , from theorein to consider, speculate, look at , from theoros spectator , from thea a view horan to see . ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?l t&p 13 Online Etymological Dictionary ref It expressed the state of being a wiktionary spectator spectator . Both Greek and Latin contemplatio primarily meant looking at things, whether with the eyes or with the mind. ref name ODC ... more details
Ibid date December 2010 Cleanup date February 2009 POV date December 2010 File Jerusalem Holy Sepulchre BW 1.JPG 280px thumb right The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem in Christianity Jerusalem a centre of Christian pilgrimage pilgrimage long shared and disputed between the Catholic , Eastern Orthodox , and Oriental Orthodox churches. This article discusses Catholic Orthodox theological differences , based on the views of some Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church theologians on what they see as differences between their theologies, along with Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical differences ecclesiastical differences . Although the causes of the ongoing schism also include cultural and political factors, these theological differences continue as points of contention between the Western and Eastern churches. Several of the issues mentioned below have been in dispute between the Eastern Christianity Eastern and Western Christianity Western Church for centuries, as catalogued in The Byzantine Lists Errors of the Latins , by Tia M. Kolbaba University of Illinois Press, 2000 . ref http www.press.uillinois.edu books catalog 79xqw2qy9780252025587.html Information about this book ref Since the Second Vatican Council , the Catholic Church has generally taken the approach that the schism is primarily ecclesiological in nature, that the teaching of the Eastern Orthodox churches is fully orthodox and that the vision of the full communion to be sought is that of unity in legitimate diversity ref http www.vatican.va edocs ENG0221 PI.HTM Encyclical Ut unum sint , 54 ref as before the division, since the first councils are an eloquent witness to this enduring unity in diversity . ref http www.vatican.va holy father john paul ii apost letters documents hf jp ii apl 02051995 orientale lumen en.html Orientale lumen , 18 ref In this view, the primary difficulty is disagreement on the Primacy of the Roman Pontiff role of the Pope . ref Pope Paul VI said What sh ... more details
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