Orphan date February 2009 In telecommunication , an artificialtransmissionline art line is a four terminal electronics terminal electrical network i.e. an electrical Electronic circuit circuit that has the characteristic impedance , transmission time Response time delay , Phase waves phase shift , and or other parameter s of a real transmissionline and therefore can be used to simulate a real transmissionline in one or more of these respects. Source from Federal Standard 1037C Category Telecommunications equipment ... more details
About the radio frequency transmissionline the power transmissionline electric power transmission In communications engineering communications and electronic engineering , a transmissionline is a specialized ... than the dimensions of the structures used to guide them, so transmissionline techniques become inadequate ... to that of electromagnetic waves, so techniques from transmissionline theory are also .... A common rule of thumb is that the cable or wire should be treated as a transmissionline ... which have not been carefully designed using transmissionline theory. The four terminal model Image Transmissionline symbols.svg thumb Variations on the electronic schematic schematic electronic symbol for a transmissionline. For the purposes of analysis, an electrical transmissionline can be modelled as a two port network also called a quadrupole network , as follows Image Transmissionline ... , and the two ports are assumed to be interchangeable. If the transmissionline is uniform ... a transmissionline, it is usually desirable that as much power as possible will be absorbed by the load ... the load impedance equal to Z sub 0 sub , in which case the transmissionline is said to be impedance matching matched . Some of the power that is fed into a transmissionline is lost because of its resistance ... loss is caused when the insulating material inside the transmissionline absorbs energy from ... G in parallel. The resistance and conductance contribute to the loss in a transmissionline. The total loss of power in a transmissionline is often specified in decibels per metre dB m , and usually ... transmissionline with distance and time. They were developed by Oliver Heaviside who created the transmissionline model , and are based on Maxwell s Equations . Image Transmissionline element.svg thumb right 250px Schematic representation of the elementary component of a transmissionline. The transmissionline model represents the transmissionline as an infinite series of two port elementary ... more details
A K line , or Knowledge line , is a mental agent which represents an association of a group of other mental agents found active when a subject solves a certain problem or formulates a new idea . These were first described in Marvin Minsky s essay K lines A Theory of Memory , published in 1980 in the journal Cognitive Science , blockquote When you get an idea, or solve a problem you create what we shall call a K line. When that K line is later activated , it reactivates mental agencies, creating a partial mental state resembling the original. ref http www.cogsci.rpi.edu CSJarchive 1980v04 i02 p0117p0133 MAIN.PDF Minsky s K lines A Theory of Memory ref blockquote blockquote p Whenever you get a good idea , solve a problem, or have a memorable experience, you activate a K line to represent it. A K line is a wirelike structure that attaches itself to whichever mental agents are active when you solve a problem or have a good idea. p p When you activate that K line later, the agents attached to it are aroused, putting you into a mental state much like the one you were in when you solved that problem or got that idea. This should make it relatively easy for you to solve new, similar problems 1998, p. 82. p blockquote References Minsky, Marvin The Society of Mind ISBN 0 671 65713 5 March 15, 1998. Minsky, Marvin Papert, Seymour Perceptrons An Introduction to Computational Geometry ISBN 0 262 63111 3 December 28, 1987. External links http www.cogsci.rpi.edu CSJarchive 1980v04 i02 p0117p0133 MAIN.PDF Minsky s K lines A Theory of Memory http metainformaciones.blogspot.com 2005 02 minksy y la programacin.html Why Programming is a Good Medium for Expressing Poorly Understood and Sloppily Formulated Ideas Footnotes references Category Cognitive science psych stub ... more details
for circuits using earth as a second conductor Single wire earth return A single wire transmissionline ... feed line , and with the transmissionline passing through a hole in the conical tips. Planar Goubau ... Through The Natural Mediums Nikola Tesla US patent 2685068 , Surface wave transmissionline . George ... patent 6104107 , Method and apparatus for single line electrical transmission . Avramenko, et al. US ... line using a slotted flared cone . Glenn E. Elmore US patent 7567154 , Surface wave transmission ... Single Wire TransmissionLine Category Power cables Category Electric power distribution ru .... Tesla called it the transmission of electrical energy through one wire without return . ref ... to Methods of Artificial Illumination , AIEE, Columbia College, N.Y., May 20, 1891 ... 1893. ref A one wire transmission system was protected in 1897 by US patent 0593138 , Electrical ... with the Planets 1901 . Collier s Weekly, February 19, 1901, pp. 4 5. ref Goubau line main Goubau line A Goubau line, or G line for short, is a type of single wire transmissionline intended for use at UHF and microwave wavelengths. ref Geog Goubau, Surface waves and their Application to Transmission Lines, Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 21, Nov. 1950 ref The line itself consists of a single conductor coated with dielectric material. Coupling to and from the G line is done with conical metal ... Akalin, Single wire transmission lines at terahertz frequencies , IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques IEEE MTT , Volume 54, Issue 6, June 2006 Page s 2762 2767 ref E Line This section is linked from E Line power line communication While Goubau Line, which uses a conductor having an outer .... Marketed as E Line, it is similar to Goubau Lines in its use of launchers to couple to and from ... adequate. Furthermore, a nearby conductor other than the line itself may provide a termination ... velocity for this line operating in air has been measured to be within 0.1 of that of a free ... more details
The Middletown Norwalk M N TransmissionLine is a 69 mile 112 km , 345 kilovolt AC transmissionline between Middletown, Connecticut Middletown and Norwalk, Connecticut Norwalk in the U.S. state of Connecticut . Construction began in 2006 with the ground breaking at the Beseck Switching Station and was energized in December 2009. Route The M N TransmissionLine begins in Middletown begins at the Scovill Rock Substation in Middletown, and proceeds west to the Beseck Switching Station in Wallingford. From Beseck the transmissionline continues southwest to the East Devon Substation by overhead wires supported by 105 foot 35 m Electricity pylon pylons . At East Devon, the line will connect to the nearby Devon Power Station owned by NRG Energy and the Milford Power Company power plant before going underground. The line will continue underground to the Singer Substation in Bridgeport, where it will connect to the Bridgeport Harbor Generating Station owned by Public Service Electric and Gas Company PSE&G , the Bridgeport Energy Plant owned by Duke Energy , and the Bridgeport waste to energy plant operated by the Connecticut Resource Recovery Agency. From Bridgeport, the line will continue southwest, closely following U.S. Route 1 US 1 , passing Ash Creek to its terminus at the Norwalk Substation. To ease environmental and community concerns, portions of the line are being placed underground, while the overhead portions of the line will traverse mainly rural areas. Northeast Utilities and United Illuminating are constructing the line at a cost of 1.3 billion. As part of the project, UI and NU will reconstruct the existing 115 kilovolt transmission lines located on segments of the M N line s path. References reflist External links http www.transmission nu.com residential projects middletown default.asp NU Transmission Projects Middletown Norwalk Transmission Project DEFAULTSORT Middletown Norwalk TransmissionLine Category Electric power transmission systems in the United ... more details
Transmissionline pulse TLP is a way to study integrated circuit technologies and circuit behavior in the current and time domain of electrostatic discharge electrostatic discharge ESD events. The method became indispensable for integrated circuit ESD protection development, especially after Barth Electronics introduced the first commercial TLP system in the mid 1990s. See also Human body model External links http www.ecnmag.com Articles 2007 11 TransmissionLine Pulse TLP is an Effective Analysis Tool for ESD Category Integrated circuits Category Electrical breakdown electronics stub ... more details
The Shoshone TransmissionLine was an early and notable electric power transmissionline, now recorded on the List of IEEE Milestones . The line began service on July 17, 1909, conveying power from the Shoshone Hydroelectric Generating Station , located on the Colorado River near Glenwood Springs, Colorado Glenwood Springs , to Denver, Colorado . It was 153.4 miles long, operated at 90 volt kV , and crossed the Continental Divide three times at altitudes of up to 13,500 feet. The IEEE has honored the line for its length, and for deployment in difficult terrain and unusually harsh weather patterns. References http www.ieeeghn.org wiki index.php Milestones Shoshone TransmissionLine, 1909 IEEE History Center Category History of engineering ... more details
An acoustic transmissionline is the Acoustics acoustic analogy analog of the electrical transmissionline , typically thought of as a rigid walled tube that is long and thin relative to the wavelength ... antenna s. In particular, transmissionline is the name of a specific Loudspeaker audio speaker enclosure ... level at low frequencies. File Transmission line.png thumb right This image is actually an inverted folded horn. You can tell as the throat is larger than near the port opening. A true TransmissionLine enclosure is the same width vent throughout. . Theory Proper transmissionline loudspeakers ... or open end of the line. While not all lines use a taper, the standard classical transmissionline ... of the transmissionline is to minimize acoustical or mechanical impedance at frequencies corresponding ... coupling and hence the lower the acoustical impedance. History of transmissionline loudspeakers ..., or contracting has been established. Operation Transmissionline speakers fall into essentially ... frequencies. Well designed transmissionline enclosures have smooth Electrical characteristics .... Not all transmission lines designs do this effectively. Most offset transmissionline speakers place ... suffered from reflections at the bends. One example of a transmissionline enclosure design was by Vivan ... s cone area. There are not many companies producing commercial transmissionline loudspeakers as the technology ... a development of the transmissionline that they call the Advanced TransmissionLine. Sound ducts A duct for sound propagation also behaves like a transmissionline e.g. air conditioning duct, car ... reaches the end of the transmissionline, behaviour depends on what is present at the end of the line ... be modeled in part as transmission lines, though their job also includes generating the sound ... . This taper serves to dampen the buildup of standing waves within the line, which can create sharp ... cavity. Older acoustical models discuss transmission lines in terms of impedance mismatch ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Transmissionline measurement or Transfer Length Measurement is a technique used in semiconductor physics and engineering to determine the ohmic contact contact resistance between a metal and a semiconductor. The technique involves making a series of metal semiconductor contacts separated by various distances. Probes are applied to pairs of contacts, and the resistance between them is measured by applying a voltage across the contacts and measuring the resulting Current electricity current . The current flows from the first probe, into the metal contact, across the metal semiconductor junction , through the sheet of semiconductor, across the metal semiconductor junction again except this time in the other direction , into the second contact, and from there into the second probe and into the external circuit to be measured by an ammeter . The resistance measured is a linear combination sum of the contact resistance of the first contact, the contact resistance of the second contact, and the sheet resistance of the semiconductor in between the contacts. If several such measurements are made between pairs of contacts that are separated by different distances, a Graph of a function plot of electrical resistance resistance versus contact separation can be obtained. If the contact separation is expressed in terms of the ratio L W where L and W are the length and width of the area between the contacts such a plot should be linear , with the slope of the line mathematics line being the sheet resistance . The y intercept intercept of the line with the y axis , is two times the contact resistance. Thus the sheet resistance as well as the contact resistance can be determined from this technique. DEFAULTSORT TransmissionLine Measurement Category Semiconductors Physics stub de Transfer Line Methode ... more details
The transmissionline matrix TLM method is a space and time discretising method for computation of electromagnetic fields . It is based on the analogy between the electromagnetic field and a mesh of transmissionline s. The TLM method allows the computation of complex three dimensional electromagnetic structures and has proven to be one of the most powerful time domain methods along with the finite difference time domain FDTD method. Basic principle Image SingleNode2DTLM.png thumb 500px right 2D TLM example an incident voltage pulse in two consecutive scattering events. The TLM method is based on Huygens Principle Huygens model of wave propagation and scattering and the analogy between field propagation and transmission lines. Therefore it considers the computational domain as a mesh of transmission lines, interconnected at nodes. In the figure on the right is considered a simple example of a 2D TLM mesh with a voltage pulse of amplitude 1 V incident on the central node. This pulse will be partially reflected and transmitted according to the transmissionline theory. If we assume that each line has a characteristic impedance math Z math , then the incident pulse sees effectively three transmission lines in parallel with a total impedance of math Z 3 math . The reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient are given by math R frac Z 3 Z Z 3 Z 0.5 math math T frac 2 Z 3 Z 3 Z 0.5 math The energy injected into the node by the incident pulse and the total energy of the scattered ... as for the 2D nodes. References references C. Christopoulos, The TransmissionLine Modeling Method ..., ISBN 978 1580539074 J. L. Herring, Developments in the TransmissionLine Modelling Method for Electromagnetic ... TransmissionLine Matrix Methode ... inductance and capacitance of the transmission lines. It is possible to show that a series node ... the four line segments from figure with their Thevenin equivalent it is possible to show that the following ... more details
Infobox power transmissionline name Whakamaru to Brownhill Road transmissionline photo caption map map caption Location of Whakamaru to Brownhill Road transmissionline country New Zealand state province coordinates lat long direction South North start Whakamaru Power Station , southern Waikato through finish Brownhill Road switching station, southeastern Auckland par owner Transpower New Zealand Limited Transpower New Zealand partners operator Transpower New Zealand cable manufacturer cable installer cable layer substation manufacturer substation installer contractors construction February 2010 expected April 2012 est decom type Overhead transmissionline current type HVAC length km 186 capacity AC voltage 400 kV design br 220 kV initially DC voltage poles no circuits no Two The Whakamaru to Brownhill Road transmissionline is an under construction double circuit 400 kV transmissionline between the southern Waikato and the city of Auckland . The line will run from the Whakamaru sub station at the Whakamaru Power Station , over a distance of convert 186 km to the new ... underground cables will link the line to the Pakuranga sub station in eastern Auckland. Construction on the line started in February 2010, and the line is due to be completed in April 2012. ref cite ... ref The line is designed to increase electrical supply and security to Auckland and Northland. The population ... on the Waikato River and the dual fuelled Huntly Power Station . The line will increase the supply ..., all transmission lines into Auckland converge on Otahuhu substation, creating a pinchpoint in the security of supply to Auckland and Northland the new line will supply power to the Pakuranga substation instead, creating redundancy in Auckland s electricity supply. The line will be built for 400 ... substation will allow 400 kV operation. The line has met strong protest in the investigation ... Region Category Buildings and structures in the Waikato Region Category Electric power transmission ... more details
Information Description General transmissionline model showing calculation of propagation constant from line elements. Source Self created using Inkscape Date 24th August 2009 Author User Spinningspark font style background FFF090 color 00C000 Sp font style background FFF0A0 color 80C000 in font style color C08000 ni font font font style color C00000 ng font font font style color 2820F0 Spark font other versions Licensing cc by sa 3.0 Courtesy Spinningspark at Wikipedia KeepLocal ... more details
wiktionary wiktionarypar transmit Transmission is the act of passing something on in another place. Specifically, it may refer to Transmission mechanics , a gear system transmitting mechanical power, as in a car Transmission telecommunications , the act of transmitting messages over distances Transmission medicine , the passing of a disease Share transmission , ownership change through other than transfer Transmission magazine , a literary magazine based in the UK Transmission coefficient , in physics, chemistry, and optics Transmission TV series , a British music television programme shown in the UK Electric power transmission , one process in the delivery of electricity to consumers Transmission tower , providing support for overhead power lines Transmissionline , for the carriage of radio frequency signals Data transmission , the conveyance of information from one space to another Dharma transmission , the formal confirmation of a student s awakening in Zen Buddhism Transmission genetics , is the passing on of genetic information Software Transmission BitTorrent client , a free, open source and cross platform BitTorrent protocol BitTorrent client. Transmit FTP client , a FTP client for Mac OS X. Music Transmission album Transmission album , the fourth album by the Canadian band The Tea Party Transmission band , an experimental post rock band based in the United Kingdom Transmission record label a record label set by British rock band Porcupine Tree Transmission song Transmission song , a song by post punk band Joy Division Transmissions album Transmissions album , the first album by trance musicians Juno Reactor Transmissions Cold War Kids EP Transmissions Cold War Kids EP , an album by indie rock band Cold War Kids Transmission Communications , a record label See also ... bg de Transmission es Transmisi n fr Transmission it Trasmissione nl Transmissie ja pl Transmisja ujednoznacznienie pt Transmiss o ru sv Transmission tl Transmisyon ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2007 Infobox musical artist image Thistransmission2006.jpg name This Transmission landscape yes background group or band alias origin flagicon USA St. Petersburg, FL St. Petersburg , Florida genre Indie rock br Punk Pop br Post hardcore years active 2003 &mdash Present label Standstill Records associated acts website http www.myspace.com thistransmission This Transmission current members Blake Daniels 2003&ndash br Ryan Shuck 2003&ndash br Brad Daniels 2006&ndash br Toly Chichov 2006&ndash br Kyle McCormick 2007&ndash br Nick Hughes 2007&ndash br Mandy Millot 2007&ndash This Transmission was an indie rock band from St. Petersburg, FL . Signed to Standstill Records . The band played with acts such as Moros Eros , Young Love band Young Love , and Evergreen Terrace. They were recording their first full length studio album album , entitled Tiny Abrasions at the time of their break up. It was not finished, however the band has now published the unfinished tracks on their MySpace page. Discography EPs Latitude, Longitude , 2005 Standstill Records Tour de Force This Transmission album Tour de Force , 2006 Standstill Records LPs Tiny Abrasions , 2007 unfinished Standstill Records External links http www.myspace.com thistransmission This Transmission MySpace http www.thistransmissionband.com Official Website Category Musical groups established in 2003 Category American post hardcore musical groups band stub ... more details
Artificial imagination AIm , also called Synthetic imagination or machine imagination is defined as artificial simulation of human imagination by general or special purpose computers or artificial neural networks . The term artificial imagination is also used to describe a property of machines or Computer program programs Among some of the traits that researchers hope to simulate using machines include creativity , vision, digital art , humor , satire , etc. Artificial imagination research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science , Rhetoric , psychology , creative arts , philosophy , neuroscience , affective computing , Artificial Intelligence , Artificial intuition , cognitive science , computational linguistics linguistics , operations research , creative writing , probability and logic . The various practitioners in the field are researching various aspects of Artificial imagination, such as Artificial visual imagination, ref Visual Information Retrieval Using Synthesized Imagery http portal.acm.org ft gateway.cfm?id 1282303&type pdf ref Artificial aural Imagination, ref AUDIO CONTENT TRANSMISSION by Xavier Amatriain & Perfecto Herrera, http www.iua.upf.es mtg publications dafx2001 xamat.pdf ref modeling filtering content based on human emotions ref ... and Interactive Search ref An Artificial Imagination for Interactive Search. ICCV HCI, 4796 19 28 ... iccv iccv hci2007.html ThomeeHBL07 ref . Some articles on the topic speculate on how artificial imagination may evolve to create an artificial world which people may not want to leave at all. ref Hypertext ...., Wayne State Univ. have focused on using artificial neural networks for simulating artificial imagination ... 1007019 ref The topic of artificial imagination has gotten interest from scholars outside the computer ..., who came up with the Symbolic Convergence Theory and has worked on a project to develop artificial ... Artificial intelligence Category Artificial intelligence applications ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Artificial Paradise may refer to Artificial Paradise The Guess Who album Artificial Paradise The Guess Who album , 1973 Artificial Paradise Sylvan album Artificial Paradise Sylvan album Artificial Paradise film Artificial Paradise film , a 1990 Yugoslavian film disambiguation ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Artificial Soldier Type studio Artist Front Line Assembly Cover Artificial soldier.jpg Released Start date 2006 6 20 Recorded Start date 2006 Genre Industrial music Industrial Length 65 51 Label Metropolis Records Metropolis Producer Bill Leeb , Rhys Fulber , Chris Peterson producer Chris Peterson Last album Civilization album Civilization br 2004 This album Artificial Soldier br 2006 Next album Fallout Front Line Assembly album Fallout br 2007 Artificial Soldier is an album by Vancouver industrial music industrial band Front Line Assembly , released in 2006. This is the first Front Line Assembly album to feature new member Jeremy Inkel . Critical reception Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r836699 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Reviews for Artificial Soldier were mixed. David Jeffries of allmusic.com called the album ferocious ref name allmusic cite web url Allmusic class album id r836699 review pure url yes title Artificial Soldier Review author Jeffries, David work allmusic.com publisher Rovi Corporation accessdate March 29, 2010 ref and said, Artificial Soldier is a return to form monster of an album that will pound the band back into the electro industrial lover s heart. ref name allmusic John Carlsson of Release Music Magazine called the album ... title Front Line Assembly Artificial Soldier Review author Carlsson, John work ... Simonsson of Covenant band Covenant on track 9. References General refbegin Cite web title Artificial Soldier Front Line Assembly Music publisher Amazon.com url http www.amazon.com Artificial Soldier Front Line Assembly dp B000FFP014 ref sr 1 1?ie UTF8&s music&qid 1269805304&sr 8 1 accessdate 2010 03 25 refend Specific Reflist Front Line Assembly 2000s electronic album stub Category 2006 albums Category Front Line Assembly albums Category Metropolis Records albums ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
Usage Artificial tears usually are the first line of treatment for dry eyes. ref name FDA 1 While mild ...Image Artificial tears brands.jpg thumb A subset of various brands of artificial tears displayed in a store Artificial tears are lubricant eye drops used to treat the dryness and irritation associated with deficient tear production in keratoconjunctivitis sicca dry eyes . ref name eMedicine 1 cite web url http www.emedicine.com oph topic695.htm title Keratoconjunctivitis, Sicca accessdate 2006 11 12 date 2006 04 21 work eMedicine publisher WebMD WebMD, Inc. ref They are also used to moisten contact lens es and in eye examinations. Artificial tears are available Over the counter drug over the counter . Artificial tears are supplemented with other treatments in moderate to severe forms of dry eyes. Chemistry Preparations contain carboxymethyl cellulose , ref name eMedicine 1 ref name FDA 1 Hypromellose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ref name FDA 1 a.k.a. HPMC or hypromellose , and hydroxypropyl cellulose . ref name eMedicine 1 They contain water, salts and polymer s but lack the proteins found in natural tears. Patients who use them more frequently than once every three hours ref name eMedicine 1 should choose a brand without preservatives ref name eMedicine 1 or one with special non irritating preservatives. Effects Application of artificial tears every few hours ref name Merck 1 cite ... treatment, such as ten to twelve times a day. ref name eMedicine 1 Thicker artificial tears can be used ... present in some artificial tears may harm the eye. Fact date June 2007 Artificial tears have no reported drug interaction interaction s. ref name eMedicine 1 A documented contraindication of artificial tears is hypersensitivity . ref name eMedicine 1 Veterinary uses Artificial tears are a part ... indexen.htm Use of preservatives in artificial tears References references Category Ophthalmology ... es L grima artificial hr Umjetne suze pt L grima artificial zh ... more details
bypassing the potential for disease transmission, artificial red blood cells are desired because ...File Standard and drug delivery artificial cells .png thumb 350px alt Two types of artificial cells, one ... artificial cell top and drug delivery artificial cell bottom . An artificial cell or minimal cell is an engineered ... of biological cells can be replaced or supplemented with a synthetic entity. Often, artificial ... have qualified as artificial cells. Micro encapsulation allows for metabolism within the membrane ... 2007 cite book last Chang first Thomas Ming Swi title Artificial cells biotechnology, nanomedicine ... and decreased immune system immune responses . Notably, artificial cells have been clinically successful ... and artificial organs based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics ... ref In the area of synthetic biology , a living artificial cell has been defined as a completely synthetically ... last Deamer first D title A giant step towards artificial life? journal Trends in biotechnology date ..., but a variation of an artificial cell has been created in which a completely synthetic genome was introduced ... pages 52 56 doi 10.1126 science.1190719 ref Although not completely artificial because the cytoplasm ... development Artificial cells were first developed by Thomas Chang at McGill University in the 1960s ... volume 146 3643 pages 524 525 ref These first artificial cells consisted of ultrathin membranes ... molecules in and out of the cell. These early artificial cells were micron sized and contained Cell ... Chang 2007 . Presently, artificial cells range from hundreds of micrometer to nanometer dimensions ... 2007 The first clinical use of artificial cells was in hemoperfusion by the encapsulation of activated ... Artificial Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol year 1996 volume 24 pages ixxxvi ref In the 1970s ... pages 687 8 pmid 2570944 ref Although Thomas Chang began his initial research focused on artificial red blood cells , it was not until the mid 1990s that biodegradable artificial red blood cells were ... more details
File Kunstgress.JPG thumb 300px Modern artificial turf File Skagerak Arena turf.jpg thumb 300px Side view of artificial turf Artificial turf is a surface manufactured from synthetic fiber s made to look ... as well. The main reason is maintenance artificial turf resists heavy use, such as in sports, and requires no irrigation or trimming. Domed, covered, and partially covered stadiums may require artificial turf because of the difficulty of getting grass enough sunlight to stay healthy. But artificial ... from infill and some heightened health and safety concerns. Artificial turf first gained substantial ... artificial turf. History David Chaney &ndash who moved to Raleigh, North Carolina Raleigh , North ... &ndash headed the team of Research Triangle Park researchers who created the first notable artificial ... major league baseball and millions of welcome mats. Artificial turf first came to prominence ... of the season, with the dead grass painted green. Due to a limited supply of the new artificial grass ... possible, is prohibitively expensive. Teams who chose to play on artificial surfaces outdoors did ... field.jpg thumb left 300px Tropicana Field equipped with artificial turf. In many artificial turf ... around each base. Baseball Artificial turf was first used in Major League Baseball in the Houston ... Astros Astros played on green painted dirt and dead grass. The solution was to install a new type of artificial ... kept the turf clean with vacuum cleaners between innings. Artificial turf was later installed in other ... in play on artificial turf was that the ball bounced higher than on real grass, and also travelled ... that it would travel in a straight line and not be deflected to the right or left. However .... The artificial surface, which was generally placed over a concrete base, had much less give to it than ... portion of their games on artificial surfaces. Players also complained that the turf was much hotter ... from artificial turf back to natural grass. In 2000, St. Petersburg, Florida St. Petersburg ... more details
The term artificial gills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificial gills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificial gills human . disambig ... more details
One source date October 2009 Inappropriate tone date May 2010 Artificial architecture , also referred to as algorithmic architecture and algorithmic design , is the research area combining architectural design and artificial intelligence . It can be considered a subfield of design computing , with emphases on artificial intelligence , computational creativity and knowledge engineering . The main objectives ... and objects. The term has been popularized by the Department of Artificial Architecture Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam , where remarkable efforts in this area have been made employing visual grammar to generate random specifications of 3 dimensional objects and structures. The concept of artificial ... of a PhD Thesis developed at Polytechnical University of Madrid Spain Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism . ref Francisco Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 http oa.upm.es 553 01 FRANCISCO JAVIER FERNANDEZ HERRERO.pdf Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism , http oa.upm.es ... Notes Reflist See also Artificial intelligence Artificial life Building Information Modeling CAD ... Knowledge engineering References F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 , Arquitectura artificial ... , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 1847282687, 9781847282682 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism, movie. Digital Video Disc Kostas Terzidis 2009 , Algorithmic Architecture, ISBN 0750667257 External links http iaaa.nl artificial acad.html Department of Artificial Architecture http iaaa.nl home.html Institute of Artificial ... Graduate School of Design http www.youtube.com profile?user ArtificialArch&view videos Artificial ... Arquitectura Artificial 1.0 , VIDA 6.0. http www.fundacion.telefonica.com arteytecnologia ... Architectural design Category Artificial intelligence Category Computer aided design Category ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Reproductive technology Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism . Examples include artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage embryo cleavage . Cutting plants stems and placing them in compost is also a form of artificial reproduction. DEFAULTSORT Artificial Reproduction Category Reproduction Biology stub ar ... more details
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