refimprove date February 2011 ArtificialSociety is the specific agent based computational model for computer simulation in social analysis. It is mostly connected to the theme in complex system , emergence , Monte Carlo Method , computational sociology , multi agent system multi agent system , and evolutionary programming . The concept itself is simple enough. Actually reaching this conceptual point took a while. Complex mathematical models have been, and are, common deceivingly simple models only have their roots in the late forties, and took the advent of the microcomputer to really get up to speed. Overview The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. The subject is the process of emergence from the lower micro level of a social system to the higher or macro level ... Reynolds . He attempted to model living biological agents, a method known as artificial life , a term coined by Christopher Langton . The computational methods of artificial life were applied to the analysis of social systems, christened the artificialsociety by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell ... 224 isbn 9780262550253 ref Eventually, the artificialsociety provided a new method for sociological ... level. The artificialsociety has been widely accepted by recent sociology as a promising method characterized ... based model s, and cellular automaton cellular automata CA . For many, artificialsociety is a meeting ... first2 Robert L. last2 Axtell authorlink2 Robert Axtell year 1996 title Growing Artificial Societies ... it as practical theology or a fact free science . However, the recent publication of artificialsociety articles in the scientific journals e.g. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation and http josc.bandungfe.net Journal of Social Complexity shows that artificial life techniques are becoming ... Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation Category Social sciences methodology ... more details
Image Shadow Hand Bulb large.jpg 300px thumb right The Shadow Hand Shadow robot hand system The Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society is an Robotics Society from Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology , Ghaziabad, India Ghaziabad , India . The society formed in 2008, by some robotics enthusiast students learning the deeps and highs of robotics and Artificial Intelligence at then newly built Laboratory Lab since named the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society office . Er. Pranjal Verma, Er. Amit Chhindre formed this society with a group of about 10 members. Fact date November 2008 Success in the various robotics events followed, resulting in Mr. Verma being promoted to the post of President of the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad or in short AIRS, KIET, Ghaziabad . However, AIRS s administrative structure was changed in 2009, with the passing out of Verma and others, who were one of the founder members. This was alongside . The highs of the inaugural season were created by organising various robotics events such as Line Follower etc at Inter College as well as Intra College level. This led to the rising of the publicity and interest among the students and the number of members grew subsequently. Administrators Heads Pranjal Verma 2008&ndash 2009 Amit Chhindre 2009&ndash Till Date Om Prakash Singh 2009&ndash Till Date Arun Kumar Yadav 2009&ndash Till Date Shaival 2009&ndash Till Date Technical Advisor Ankit Yadav 2009&ndash Till Date Coordinator Abhishek Kumar 2009&ndash Till Date Coordinator Mukul 2009&ndash Till Date Coordinator Kunaal 2009&ndash Till Date Coordinator Amit Mishra 2009&ndash Till Date Web Coordinator RoboSpardha 09 Various technical and cultural events have been ... http amitmishracs.blogspot.com 2009 10 artificial intelligence and robotics.html Starting Blogpost http www.kiet.edu Official website of Krishna Institute of Engg. and Tech. Category Artificial ... more details
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ASAIO is an organization of individuals and groups that are interested in artificial internal organs and their development. It supports research into Artificial organ artificial internal organs and holds an annual meeting, which attracts industry, researchers and government officials. ASAIO s most heavily represented areas are nephrology , cardiopulmonary devices artificial heart s, heart lung machines and biomaterials . It publishes a peer reviewed publication, the ASAIO Journal, six times a year. External links http www.asaio.com index.php American Society for Artificial Internal Organs home page http www.asaiojournal.com ASAIO Journal home Category Implants Category American medical associations Category Prosthetics med org stub ... more details
Deleted image removed Image ssaisb.gif thumb Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour or SSAISB or AISB is a nonprofit, scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behaviour and their simulation and embodiment in machines. AISB also aims to facilitate co operation and communication among those interested in the study of artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. History Founded in 1964, SSAISB, is the oldest AI society in the world. It is the largest Artificial Intelligence Society in the United Kingdom. the society has an international membership drawn from both academia and industry. It is a member of the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence ECCAI . Objectives of the Society The objectives of the Society are to promote the study of artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. to facilitate co operation and communication among those interested in the study of artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. to hold, or to participate in the holding of, conferences and meetings for the communication of knowledge concerning, and to publicise and disseminate by other means knowledge and views concerning artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. Activities of the Society The society hosts an annual convention consisting of parallel symposia covering various specialist topics, loosely organised around a theme. It also runs various events, especially to promote public understanding of AI and Cognitive Science. The society publishes the journal AISBJ as well as a quarterly newsletter ... events http www.aisb.org.uk secretary fellows.shtml List of SSAISB Fellows AI stub Category Artificial ... more details
Notability Companies date March 2011 The Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia ARSBC is a registered non profit organization based in Vancouver , British Columbia . They began operations in 1989, with the G.B. Church project, and have since sunk 7 ships and 1 Boeing 737 . Their mission is to create and maintain artificial reefs for use by Scuba set scuba divers as a means to promote the local economy, the technology and safety procedures involved in creating artificial reefs, promote the use of artificial reefs as a means to minimize the impacts caused by SCUBA divers on other historically significant or ecologically sensitive sites, and to monitor all developments regarding their artificial reefs for environmental impact and diver safety. Artificial reefs Sunk August 11, 1991 MV G.B. Church off Portland Island, near Sidney, BC at 48 43.323 N, 123 21.339 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 48 43.323 27 N, 123 21.339 27 W&ie UTF8&om 1 Sunk December 5, 1992 HMCS Chaudi re DDE 235 II off Kunechin Point, in Porpoise Bay, near Sechelt, BC at 49 37.694 N, 123 48.699 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 49 C2 B0 37.694 27 N, 123 C2 B0 48.699 27 W&ie UTF8&ll 49.628504, 123.810425&spn 1.328955,3.466187&om 1 Sunk September 16, 1995 HMCS Mackenzie DDE 261 off Gooch Island, near Sidney, BC at 48 40.094 N, 123 17.170 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 48 40.094 27 N, 123 17.170 27 W&ie UTF8&om 1 Sunk June 22, 1996 HMCS Columbia DDE 260 II off Maude Island, near Campbell River, BC at 50 8.031 N, 125 20.152 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 50 08.031 27 N, 125 20.152 27 W&ie UTF8&om 1 Sunk June 14, 1997 HMCS Saskatchewan DDE 262 II off Snake Island, near Nanaimo, BC at 49 12.96 N, 123 53.070 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 49 12.96 27 N, 123 53.070 27 W&ie UTF8&om ... boeing Boeing 737 artificial reef chemainus scuba http www.cawreckdivers.org Wrecks Yukon.htm California Wreck Divers HMCS Yukon Category Artificial reefs Category Non profit organizations based ... more details
An artificial chemistry is a computer model used to simulate various types of system s. Artificial chemistry is in some ways similar to a chemical reaction, hence the name. The field of artificial chemistry originated in artificial life but has shown to be a versatile method with applications in many fields such as chemistry , economics , sociology and linguistics . Formal definition An artificial ... math S. I are the interaction rules of the molecules in S. Types of artificial chemistries depending ... sets Hasse diagram of organizations History of artificial chemistries Artificial chemistries emerged as a sub field of artificial life , in particular from strong artificial life . The idea behind this field .... Artificial chemistry enlists, among others, researchers that believe in an extreme bottom up approach to artificial life. Important contributors The first reference about artificial Chemistries come ... of Artificial Life. In his first papers he presented the concept of organization , as a set of molecules that is algebraically closed and self maintaining. Two main schools of artificial chemistries ... Peter Dittrich and Jens Ziegler , developed various artificial chemistry models. Their 2001 paper Artificial Chemistries A Review became a standard in the field. Jens Ziegler , as part of his PhD thesis, proved that an artificial chemistry could be used to control a small Khepera robot. Among other models, Peter Dittrich developed the Seceder model which is able to explain group formation in society through some simple rules. Since then he became a professor in Jena where he investigates artificial ... of artificial chemistries Artificial Chemistries are often used in the study of protobiology, in trying to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology . A further motivation to study artificial ... and references http www.comp.nus.edu.sg cs6211 papers artchemreview.pdf Artificial chemistries a review ... on artificial chemistries for artificial life http www.minet.uni jena.de biosys twiki bin view.pl ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Artificial skin can refer to skin grown in a laboratory that can be used as skin replacement for people who have suffered skin trauma such as severe burn s or skin diseases. Alternatively, it can also refer to skin synthetically produced for other purposes. Background The skin is the largest organ anatomy organ in the human body . Severe damage to large areas of skin exposes the human organism to dehydration and infection s that can result in death. Traditional ways of dealing with large losses of skin ... To solve these issues, research is being done on artificial skin. Typically, a collagen scaffold ... s own cells, ref cite news title A Better Artificial Skin url http www.technologyreview.com ... 15, 2010 ref ref cite press release title Artificial Skin Developed at MIT Now Ready for Treatment ... 4, 2008 title Growing Artificial Skin From Hair Roots work Science Daily accessdate February 15, 2010 url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2008 01 080104140344.htm authorlink Fraunhofer Society ref or with foreskin from newborns that was removed during circumcision . ref cite web title How is artificial ... accessdate February 15, 2010 url http www.answers.com topic artificial skin 2 author Answers.com ref ... automated process for producing artificial skin. Their goal is a simple two layer skin without ... cite web author Fraunhofer Gesellschaft authorlink Fraunhofer Society url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2009 05 090518102959.htm title Artificial Skin Manufactured In Fully Automated Process work Science Daily date May 19, 2009 accessdate February 15, 2010 ref Synthetic Skin A form of Artificial ... touch. The artificial skin is anticipated to augment robotics in conducting rudimentary jobs that would ... last Steenhuysen title Artificial skin materials can sense pressure date Sun Sep 12, 1 01 PM publisher Yahoo News url http ca.news.yahoo.com s reuters 100912 tecnology ctech us skin artificial work Reuters accessdate 2010 09 14 ref References reflist Category Artificial organs Category Skin ... more details
notability date December 2010 Artificial Australia was the title of a series of lectures given by prominent Australian architect , Robin Boyd in 1967 on the Australian Broadcasting Commission . The Boyer Lectures was a radio series that invited prominent Australians to become fake . the results of their works and thinking on major social, scientific or cultural issues. The series started in 1959 under the title of the ABC Lectures, but in 1961 the ABC decided to rename it as a memorial to the late Sir Richard Boyer, chairman of the ABC, who was the person responsible for the creation of the original series. ref The Boyer Lectures Artificial Australia by Robin Boyd Australian Broadcasting Commission Ambassador Press 22403 ref . Lecture 1 Creative Man in a Frontier Society. Lecture 2 The Architecture of Ideas. Lecture 3 Integrity in the Artificial Object. Lecture 4 The Environmental Arts in Australia. Lecture 5 The Australian Myth in the Modern World. Reference list Reflist External links Category Australian radio programs ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
Society for Artificial Internal Organs, the European Society for Artificial Organs and the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs , the International Faculty for Artificial Organs, and the International ... Reflist 2 External links http www.asaio.com American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ASAIO http ...Multiple issues refimprove September 2009 weasel September 2010 An artificial organ is a man made device ... replacing of filters, would exclude a device from being called an artificial organ. Thus a dialysis ... the duties of a kidney , is not an artificial organ. At this time an efficient, self contained artificial kidney has not become available. Reasons Reasons to construct and install an artificial organ ... a Organ transplant transplant e.g. artificial heart Dramatic improvement of the patient s ability for self care e.g. Prosthesis artificial limb Improvement of the patient s ability to interact socially ... or accident The use of any artificial organ by humans is almost always preceded by extensive Animal ..., such as hip replacement s, in this context. Types There are now many artificial organs that have ... nerve centers to eliminate symptoms. Cardia and pylorus valves Artificial cardia and pylorus .... An implanted pump in the groin or scrotum can be manipulated by hand to fill these artificial ... April 2010 Eye Main visual prosthetic The most successful function replacing artificial eye so far ... functional artificial electronic eye is even more complex than what is already obvious. Steadily increasing complexity of the artificial connection to the retina, optic nerve or related brain areas ..., the use of artificial heart s is limited to patients awaiting transplants whose death is imminent .... Artificial pacemaker s are Electronics electronic devices which can either intermittently augment ..., without the removal of the heart itself. Limbs Main artificial limb Artificial arms with semi functional ... of liver failure using stem cell s. The artificial liver, currently under development, is designed ... more details
international story 0,6903,648024,00.html http www.asaio.com American Society for Artificial Internal Organs http www.esao.org European Society for Artificial Organs http www.jsao.org Japanese Society for Artificial Organs http www.scientificamerican.com blog 60 second science post.cfm ...An artificial uterus or womb is a theoretical device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy , growing ... the embryo or fetus to term. An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, could be used to assist ... An artificial uterus would have to be supplied by nutrients and oxygen from some source to nurture ... A human may still supply nutrients and dispose of waste products if the artificial uterus is connected ... for inhibiting expulsion of the placenta , or connecting the artificial uterus directly with the maternal circulation with an artificial placenta described in the next section . Artificial suppliers and disposers ... functions of an artificial supplier and disposer Waste disposal may be performed through dialysis ... 9. doi 10.1016 j.jpeds.2004.07.010. ref For artificial nutrition, current techniques are problematic ... would rather be in the scope of interspecific pregnancy . Interface artificial placenta An interface between the supplier and the embryo or fetus may be entirely artificial, e.g. by using one or more ... embryos were then implanted into the tissue. The embryos correctly implanted into the artificial ... artificial amniotic sac The main function incubator or amniotic tank would be to fill the function ... M, Yasufuku M title A new artificial placenta with a centrifugal pump long term total extrauterine ... . In fiction The use of the artificial uterus has played a significant role in science fiction The most ... future, children are grown in artificial wombs before being decanted into the world. It described ... organ. ref name Unno http 90.146.8.18 en archiv files 20001 E2000 062.pdf Development of an Artificial Placenta Nobuya Unno. Year 2000 ref A far future version of artificial reproduction was featured ... more details
alife.org International Society of Artificial Life http www.mitpressjournals.org loi artl Artificial ... artificially created life forms synthetic life the mobile games developer Artificial Life Inc Artificial life commonly Alife or alife is a field of study and an associated art form which examine ... models , robotics , and biochemistry . ref cite web url http dictionary.reference.com browse artificial ... publications papers BedauTICS03.pdf title Artificial life organization, adaptation and complexity ... in Cognitive Sciences format PDF ref named for their approaches soft , ref cite book title Artificial ... 1 84882 284 9 ref from software hard , ref cite book title Artificial Life Models in Hardware author ... artificial life wet , from biochemistry. Artificial life imitates traditional biology by trying to recreate biological phenomena. ref cite web url http zooland.alife.org title What is Artificial Life? author Christopher Langton accessdate 2007 01 19 ref The term artificial life is often used to specifically refer to soft alife. ref John Johnston, 2008 The Allure of Machinic Life Cybernetics, Artificial ... vehicles Braitenberg simulation, programmed in breve software breve , an artificial life simulator Overview Artificial life studies the logic of living system s in artificial environments. The goal ... processing that defines such systems. Also sometimes included in the umbrella term Artificial ... of agents. While artificial life is, by definition, alive, artificial life is generally referred ... Artificial Life . Addison Wesley. ., section 1 ref In the first approach, a traditional model of a biological ... also Vidal, C. 2008. http arxiv.org abs 0803.1087 The Future of Scientific Simulations from Artificial Life to Artificial Cosmogenesis . In Death And Anti Death , ed. Charles Tandy, 6 Thirty Years ... opinions about artificial life s potential have arisen The strong alife cf. philosophy of artificial ... mechanics of biological phenomena. Organizations Main Artificial life organizations Software ... more details
Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia http www.calreefs.org California Artificial ...Image Artificialreef.JPG thumb Construction of an artificial reef using Concrete masonry unit concrete ... for fish. An artificial reef is a human made underwater structure, typically built for the purpose of promoting Marine biology Reefs marine life in areas of generally featureless bottom. Artificial reefs may also serve to improve hydrodynamics for surfing or to control beach erosion. Artificial ... debris. Other artificial reefs are purpose built e.g. the The Reef Ball Foundation reef balls from PVC and or concrete. Historic or modern shipwrecks become unintended artificial reefs when preserved on the sea floor. Regardless of construction method, artificial reefs are generally designed to provide ... left frame After several years, artificial reefs such as this The Reef Ball Foundation reef ball can begin to resemble natural habitat The construction of artificial reefs is thousands of years old ... Empire Persians blocked the mouth of the Tigris River to thwart India n pirates by building an artificial reef, ref Thomas Wayne Williams, A Case Study of Artificial Reef Decision Making in the Florida .... The use of artificial reefs to increase fish yields or for algaculture also has a long history. During ... of artificial reef in the United States is from 1830s when logs from huts were used off the coast ... ARTIFICIAL REEF MATERIALS , http www.gsmfc.org pubs SFRP Guidelines for Marine Artificial Reef ... Lauderdale, Florida to form an artificial reef, causing environmental problems over time. File Tires540.jpg ... on the way to being sunk to form an artificial reef. Redbird Reef main Redbird Reef In late 2000 ... needed date May 2009 , that would send more than 1,600 of its retired subway cars to be used as artificial ... Sea life growing on the remains of the USS Oriskany , sunk in 2006 to become an artificial reef. The world s largest artificial reef was created by the purposeful sinking of the aircraft carrier USS ... more details
For the creation of a vagina through surgery Vaginoplasty pp move indef small yes File Artificial vagina 3.jpg thumb Artificial Vagina Masturbation Image Horse breeding dummy.jpg right thumb A breeding mount with a built in artificial vagina used to semen collection collect semen from horses for use in artificial insemination An artificial vagina is a device designed to simulate the female sex organ .... Veterinary use Artificial vaginas are widely used by farms in cattle artificial insemination programs and semen collection centers for collecting animal sperm and its further application. An artificial ... contain a filter to separate the semen. Usage as sex toy An artificial vagina for the purposes of sexual ... simulating a woman s vagina. Usually the artificial vagina has a realistic or close to realistic appearance ... end for inserting a vibrating bullet, if the user wishes. Types Realistic This type of artificial ... inside the tunnel, manufacturers often add them into artificial vaginas for enhancing pleasure. In Japan, Tenga masturbation toy onacups are popular realistic artificial vaginae that simulate various sex acts and come with lubricant already inside. Vibrating These artificial vaginas superficially ... artificial vagina are designed to create a sucking effect, replicating the role of a penis pump with a bulb squeezed by the user. In prison slang , a fifi refers to an artificial vagina usually ... the user the effect of penetrating an un shaved hairy vagina. Materials The artificial vagina as a sex ... in manufacturing artificial vaginas are stretchable and elastic for accommodating any penis size. Cyberskin ... use. This is less of a concern with artificial vaginas made from silicone , which, while generally more ... Tornton first Liza title Realistic pattern of your privates url http www.articlesabout.biz society ... 05 External links Commons category http www.equine reproduction.com articles avs.htm Equine artificial vaginas sex DEFAULTSORT Artificial Vagina Category Sex toys ar cs Um l vag na de K nstliche ... more details
Artificial brain is a term commonly used in the media ref name bbc http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi technology 8164060.stm Artificial brain 10 years away 2009 BBC news ref to describe research that aims to develop ... or human brain . Research investigating artificial brains plays three important roles in science ... as cognitive neuroscience . A thought experiment in the philosophy of artificial intelligence , demonstrating ... being. A serious long term project to create machines capable of general intelligent action or Artificial ... 03384 7 . ref The third objective is generally called artificial general intelligence by researchers ... last Pennachin editor2 first Cassio title Artificial General Intelligence publisher Springer year ... as an approach to implementing artificial brains, and claims on grounds of computer power continuing ... emulation using artificial neural networks on a high performance computing engine is a common approach, ref see Artificial Intelligence System , http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 591856 CAM brain ... approaches. An alternative artificial brain implementation could be based on http www.andcorporation.com ... default.asp?ttype 6&tid 18358 A Topographical Development Method of Neural Networks for Artificial Brain Evolution , Artificial Life , The MIT Press, vol. 11, issue 3 summer, 2005, pp. 293 316 ref ..., Me the media rise of the conversation society, VINT reseach Institute of Sogeti, 2009, p.273 ... of realising artificial brains in the near future are optimistic. In particular brains including the human ... Landauer limit is 3.5x10 sup 20 sup op sec watt at room temperature . Artificial brain thought experiment ... year 2007 month Dec title Human level artificial general intelligence and the possibility of a technological ... of Kurzweil journal Artificial Intelligence volume 171 issue 18, Special Review Issue pages 1161 ... 1998 , Artificial Intelligence A New Synthesis, p581 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ISBN 978 1 55860 ... of an artificial brain raises moral questions, namely regarding personhood , Freedom of will freedom ... more details
presented his work at the meeting of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs held in Atlantic ...File CardioWest temporary Total Artificial Heart.jpg right thumb 200px The SynCardia temporary CardioWest Total Artificial Heart File Artificial heart london.JPG right thumb 200px An artificial heart displayed at the London science museum An artificial heart is a mechanical device that replaces the heart . Artificial hearts are typically used in order to bridge the time to heart transplantation , or to permanently replace the heart in case transplantation is impossible. The first artificial heart was the Jarvik 7, designed by Robert Jarvik . An artificial heart is also distinct from a cardiopulmonary ... approved artificial hearts SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart The SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart was the first Food and Drug Administration United States FDA approved Total Artificial ... Artificial Heart , FDA ref Originally designed as a permanent replacement heart, it is currently ... 850 implants of the Total Artificial Heart, accounting for more than 190 patient years of life on this device .... & 124 Total Artificial Heart publisher Syncardia.com date accessdate 2010 05 05 ref During the 10 year study, 79 of patients receiving the Total Artificial Heart survived to transplant New England ... 9 859 title NEJM Cardiac Replacement with a Total Artificial Heart as a Bridge to Transplantation doi ... ap financialnews D9917PE80.htm title Abiomed claims its 1st implanted artificial heart ref This patient ... sought holy grails of modern medicine. The obvious benefit of a functional artificial heart would ... remainder date July 2010 Cleanup reorganize date July 2010 Early designs of total artificial hearts In 1949, a precursor to the modern artificial heart pump was built by doctors William Sewell ..., the world s most prolific inventor of artificial organs, implanted an artificial heart into a dog ..., and a pneumatic pump. ref Artificial Heart in the chest Preliminary report. Trans.Amer. Soc. Inter ... more details
The term artificial gills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificial gills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificial gills human . disambig ... more details
One source date October 2009 Inappropriate tone date May 2010 Artificial Architecture is the title of a research area located at the intersection of the fields of Architectural Design and Artificial Intelligence . It can be considered a subfield of the broad area of Design computing , more specifically oriented to Artificial Intelligence , Computational creativity and Knowledge engineering . The main objectives of this research endeavour are Development of algorithms to partially simplify or automate ... features, structures and objects. The term has been popularized by the Department of Artificial Architecture Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam , where remarkable efforts in this area has been made .... The expression Artificial Architecture was theoretically proposed and thoroughly used in the title ... Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism . ref Francisco ... Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism ... of Artificial Architecture, such as Algorithmic Architecture , Algorithmic Design , and so on. Notes Reflist See also Algorithmic Architecture Artificial Intelligence Artificial life Building ... F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 8460976513, 9788460976516 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 1847282687, 9781847282682 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Artificial Architecture ..., ISBN 0750667257 External links http iaaa.nl artificial acad.html Department of Artificial Architecture http iaaa.nl home.html Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam http www.gsd.harvard.edu people ... www.youtube.com profile?user ArtificialArch&view videos Artificial Architecture Video Channel http www.fundacion.telefonica.com at vida vida10 paginas v6 earquitectura.html Arquitectura Artificial 1.0 ... Life International Competition Category Architecture Category Architectural design Category Artificial ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Reproductive technology Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism . Examples include artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage embryo cleavage . Cutting plants stems and placing them in compost is also a form of artificial reproduction. DEFAULTSORT Artificial Reproduction Category Reproduction Biology stub ar ... more details
Image HappyLite.jpg thumb The HappyLite, a type of light therapy . Artificial sunlight is the use of a List of light sources light source to simulate sunlight where the unique benefits of sunlight are needed, but where sufficient natural sunlight is not available or is not feasible. Citation needed date September 2009 A light source used to simulate sunlight is a Solar Simulator solar simulator . Composition of natural sunlight Further Sunlight Composition composition of sunlight Image Solar Spectrum.png thumb 250px Solar irradiance spectrum above atmosphere and at surface The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth s atmosphere is 100 to 10 sup 6 sup nanometer nanometer nm . This can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelength s ref cite web last Naylor first Mark coauthors Kevin C. Farmer title Sun damage and prevention work Electronic Textbook of Dermatology publisher The Internet Dermatology Society date 1995 url http www.telemedicine.org sundam sundam2.4.1.html accessdate 2008 06 02 ref Ultraviolet C or UVC range Ultraviolet B or UVB range Ultraviolet A or UVA range Visible light Visible range or light Infrared range. It is further divided into three types on the basis of wavelength Infrared A Infrared B Infrared C Applications Illumination Main Full spectrum light It has been claimed that artificial light sources that provide the light of the closest possible spectrum as provided by the Sun have beneficial effects on health and productivity. Citation needed date September 2009 This technology is known as full spectrum light ing. ref ... Light therapy Artificial sunlight is found useful in treating and preventing Seasonal affective disorder ... tends to fall asleep at the same time much after midnight. Citation needed date September 2009 Artificial ... Requirements ref Artificial sunlight solar simulators are also used for sun light exposure testing ... systems References reflist 2 Artificial light sources DEFAULTSORT Artificial Sunlight Category ... more details
practical artificial leaf. Speaking at the 241st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society ...Artificial photosynthesis is a research field that attempts to replicate the natural process of photosynthesis ... to as artificial photosynthesis . The actual process that allows half of the overall photosynthetic ... is the creation of an artificial plant type fuel source. ref Lynn Yarris 10 Mar 2009 http newscenter.lbl.gov ... create a nano sized photocatalyst for artificial photosynthesis Turning Sunlight Into Liquid Fuels ... http www.wpafb.af.mil news story.asp?id 123118409 AF Funding Enables Artificial Photosynthesis ref ... turning sunlight into liquid fuels berkeley lab researchers create a nano sized photocatalyst for artificial ... Solar Revolution ref Disadvantages Artificial photosynthesis cells currently last no longer than a few years ref cite news url http www.economist.com blogs babbage 2011 02 artificial photosynthesis ... energy. ref cite news url http www.economist.com blogs babbage 2011 02 artificial photosynthesis work ... net negative CO sub 2 sub emissions. ref http www.futurehi.net archives 000159.html 2004 Promise of Artificial ... CONACYT Mexico postscript ref Potential Global Impact Artificial photosynthesis is a renewable, carbon ... produce electricity directly, with no fuel intermediate. As such, artificial photosynthesis may become ... fixes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, artificial photosynthesis may provide an economical ... when artificial photosynthesis is used to produce carbon based fuel which is stored indefinitely ... 2008 03 080325104519.htm Artificial Photosynthesis Moves A Step Closer. ref ref Celia Clark 18 ... ISPR in Beijing 27 August 2010 a proposal was made for a macroscience Global Artificial Photosynthesis Project seven models being presented for evaluation. ref Faunce TA A Global Artificial Photosynthesis ... are planned. ref Towards Global Artificial Photosynthesis Energy, Nanochemistry and Governance ... . 2000 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO press release on Artificial ... more details
An artificial cell is a minimal Cell biology cell from artificial parts and is an emerging technology . Until recently, most attempts have generally created only a package that can do many things a Cell biology cell can do, such as Transcription genetics transcribe and Translation genetics translate proteins and generate Adenosine Triphosphate ATP but not yet a fully operational Cell biology cell . Some scientists, one of which is Daniel Hammer have found ways to make artificial cells that can go to certain parts of the body and release medical drugs when told to. ref http www.rsc.org Publishing ChemTech Volume 2008 09 artificial cells.asp ref The first artificial cell was created by Thomas Chang ref Chang T M Poznansky M J Journal of biomedical materials research 1968 , 2 2 , 187 99. ref at McGill University . An artificial cell wall cell membrane is made of polymersome s. The hemoglobin is placed in the center. In the late sixties Thomas Chang discovered that artificial cells could carry enzymes which could correct certain metabolic disorders, and he also developed an artificial cell filled with charcoal which could treat drug poisoning. ref http www.mcgill.ca about history pioneers chang ref ref http www.youtube.com watch?v QHIocNOHd7A ref See also Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology journal Synthetic biology External links http science.nasa.gov headlines y2003 29may polymersomes.htm Nasa scheme to make artificial blood cells Further reading http publishing.royalsociety.org artificial cell Dedicated issue of Philosophical Transactions B on The Artificial Cell. Some articles are freely available. References references cell biology stub Category Cell biology Category Emerging technology Category Synthetic biology es C lula artificial fr Cellule artificielle hu Mesters ges sejt biol gia it Cellula artificiale ko lv M ksl ga na ta ... more details
Artificial lift refers to the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well. Generally this is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well pump or velocity string or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some distance down the well. Artificial lift is needed in wells when there is insufficient pressure in the reservoir to lift the produced fluids to the surface, but often used in naturally flowing wells which do not technically need it to increase the flow rate above what would flow naturally. The produced fluid can be oil and or water, typically with some amount of gas included. Why use Artificial Lift Any liquid producing reservoir will have a reservoir pressure some level of energy or potential that will force fluid liquid and or gas to areas of lower energy or potential. You can think of this much like the water pressure in your municipal water system. As soon as the pressure inside a production well is decreased below the reservoir pressure, the reservoir will act ... an artificial lift plan to continue and or to increase production. Most water producing wells, by contrast, will need artificial lift from the very beginning of production because they do not benefit from the lighter density of oil and gas. Artificial Lift Technologies Hydraulic pumping ... cable that connects the motor to the surface control panel. ESP is a very versatile artificial lift .... Gas Lift Gas Lift is another widely used artificial lift method. As the name denotes, gas is injected ... services artificial index.asp Schlumberger Page on Artificial Lift Accessed Jan 24 2007 Petroleum Engineering Handbook Bradley H, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX, U.S.A, 1987 http www.sensornet.co.uk download.cfm?casestudy id 37&type casestudy Artificial Lift Optimisation Case Study ... Petroleum industry es Levantamiento artificial ... more details
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