Artificialreality was the term Myron W. Krueger used to describe his interactive immersive environments, based on video recognition techniques, that put a user in full, unencumbered contact with the digital world. He started this work in the late 1960s and is considered to be a key figure in the early innovation of virtual reality . His first book ArtificialReality was published in 1983 and updated in ArtificialReality II in 1991 both published by Addison Wesley . In modern language ArtificialReality is often used to describe a virtual reality that is indistinguishable from reality. This in contrast with the term virtual reality which is often applied to technology that like reality but can easily be recognized as a simulation. See also Simulated reality Virtual reality Holodeck References Myron Krueger. ArtificialReality 2 , Addison Wesley Professional, 1991. ISBN 0 201 52260 8 Kalawsky, R. S. 1993 . The science of virtual reality and virtual environments a technical, scientific and engineering reference on virtual environments, Addison Wesley, Wokingham, England Reading, Mass Rheingold, H. 1992 . Virtual reality, Simon & Schuster, New York, N.Y. Category Multimodal interaction compu stub ... more details
Other uses pp semi vandalism small yes Reality is the state of things as they actually exist, rather ... , Oxford University Press , 2005. Full entry for realityreality noun pl. realities 1 the state ... existence or substance. ref In its widest definition, reality includes everything that is and has ..., philosophers have sometimes considered reality to include nonexistent things such as gold ... solely to being compare with nature . Reality is often contrasted what is imaginary , delusional ... reality On a much broader and more subjective level, private experiences, curiosity, inquiry, and the selectivity involved in personal interpretation of events shapes reality as seen by one and only ... of reality might be common to others as well, it could at times also be so unique to oneself as to never ... occurs on this level of reality. Phenomenology is a philosophical method developed in the early years ... and agreed upon by a certain set of people &mdash the consensus reality . Thus one particular Group ... notions of reality and truth about the external world. The religion and beliefs of people or communities are one example of this level of social construct socially constructed reality. Truth cannot simply ... interpretation and Scientific method analysis is done on this level. This view of reality is expressed in Philip K. Dick s statement that Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn ... Existential therapy existential psychology . New York Guilford. pg. 355. ref Reality, world views, and theories of reality See World view A common colloquial usage would have reality mean perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes toward reality, as in My reality is not your reality. This is often used just ... friends, one might say attempting humor , You might disagree, but in my reality, everyone goes to heaven. Reality can be defined in a way that links it to world views or parts of them conceptual frameworks Reality is the totality of all things, structures actual and conceptual , events past and present ... more details
Thoroughbred racehorse infobox horsename In Reality image caption sire Intentionally horse Intentionally grandsire Intent horse Intent dam My Dear Girl damsire Rough n Tumble sex Stallion horse Stallion foaled 1964 country United States colour Bay horse Bay breeder Frances A. Genter owner Frances A. Genter trainer Melvin Calvert record 27 14 9 2 earnings United States dollar US 795,824 race Laurel Futurity Stakes Pimlico Futurity 1966 br Fountain of Youth Stakes 1967 br Florida Derby 1967 br Jersey Derby 1967 br Rumson Stakes Rumson handicap 1967 br Hibiscus Stakes 1967 br Carter Handicap 1968 br John B. Campbell Handicap 1968 br Metropolitan Handicap 1968 awards honours In Reality Stakes at Calder Race Course updated In Reality 1964 1989 was an American Thoroughbred Horse racing racehorse whose wins included the Pimlico Futurity , Florida Derby , Carter Handicap , and Metropolitan Handicap . Bred in Florida , he was a son of Intentionally horse Intentionally and out of the mare My Dear Girl , the 1959 American Champion Two Year Old Filly . His damsire was Santa Anita Derby winner Rough n Tumble , who sired National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Dr. Fager . In Reality was bred and raced by Frances A. Genter and became an outstanding sire of three Champions and a good sire of sires. Among his offspring, In Reality was the sire of Desert Vixen b. 1970 U.S. Racing Hall of Fame filly Relaunch horse Relaunch b. 1976 won Del Mar Derby . Grandsire of Hall of Fame inductee Tiznow . Damsire of the 2004 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings World s Top Ranked Horse , Ghostzapper and damsire of Real Shadai , the 1993 Leading sire in Japan Known Fact b. 1977 won 1979 Middle Park Stakes , 1980 2,000 Guineas Stakes , English Champion Three Year Old Colt Smile horse Smile b. 1982 won 1986 Breeders Cup Sprint , American Champion Sprint Horse In Reality ... won 1991 Santa Catalina Stakes References http www.pedigreequery.com in reality In Reality s pedigree ... more details
chipset. The game used Artificial Studio s own Reality Engine technology. The full game was released for free on May 8, 2007 and can be downloaded from a variety of gaming websites. In 2007, Artificial ...Infobox Company company name Artificial Studios company logo company type Video game developer genre foundation 2001 founder location city location country location Gainesville, Florida Gainesville , Florida origins key people Tim Johnson Founder, Technical Director , Jeremy Stieglitz Founder, Project Director area served industry Computer and video game industry Video games products services revenue operating income net income num employees parent divisions subsid owner company slogan homepage http artificialstudios.com index.php dissolved footnotes Artificial Studios is a computer game developer computer game development and Game Engine engine development company founded in 2001. Artificial Studios first came to attention with their Reality Engine , unveiled in 2004, a solution for games using next generation DirectX9 powered graphics. This is one of several next gen engines, see Game Engine s. All of the Reality Engine intellectual property was purchased by Epic Games in 2005 and Artificial ... ref http www.epicgames.com press releases press reality.html Epic Games Purchases Reality Engine And Hires Tim Johnson ref . All development on Reality Engine has ceased and all Reality Engine licensees are encouraged to upgrade to Unreal Engine 3. In 2006, Artificial Studios released CellFactor ... in 2008, by new developers, with Monster Madness Grave Danger . In 2008, Artificial Studios ... and Artificial Studios ref . The studio has approximately 70 employees and the title is rumored ... External links http www.artificialstudios.com Artificial Studios official site http www.xbox.com ... Combat Training Category Companies established in 2001 Category Video game developers ca Artificial Studios ru Artificial Studios ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
life Simulated realityArtificial consciousness Do not uncomment. See talk page Webots bugsx References ... artificially created life forms synthetic life the mobile games developer Artificial Life Inc Artificial life commonly Alife or alife is a field of study and an associated art form which examine ... models , robotics , and biochemistry . ref cite web url http dictionary.reference.com browse artificial ... publications papers BedauTICS03.pdf title Artificial life organization, adaptation and complexity ... in Cognitive Sciences format PDF ref named for their approaches soft , ref cite book title Artificial ... 1 84882 284 9 ref from software hard , ref cite book title Artificial Life Models in Hardware author ... artificial life wet , from biochemistry. Artificial life imitates traditional biology by trying to recreate biological phenomena. ref cite web url http zooland.alife.org title What is Artificial Life? author Christopher Langton accessdate 2007 01 19 ref The term artificial life is often used to specifically refer to soft alife. ref John Johnston, 2008 The Allure of Machinic Life Cybernetics, Artificial ... vehicles Braitenberg simulation, programmed in breve software breve , an artificial life simulator Overview Artificial life studies the logic of living system s in artificial environments. The goal ... processing that defines such systems. Also sometimes included in the umbrella term Artificial ... of agents. While artificial life is, by definition, alive, artificial life is generally referred ... Artificial Life . Addison Wesley. ., section 1 ref In the first approach, a traditional model of a biological ... also Vidal, C. 2008. http arxiv.org abs 0803.1087 The Future of Scientific Simulations from Artificial Life to Artificial Cosmogenesis . In Death And Anti Death , ed. Charles Tandy, 6 Thirty Years ... opinions about artificial life s potential have arisen The strong alife cf. philosophy of artificial ... mechanics of biological phenomena. Organizations Main Artificial life organizations Software ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove September 2009 weasel September 2010 An artificial organ is a man made device ... replacing of filters, would exclude a device from being called an artificial organ. Thus a dialysis ... the duties of a kidney , is not an artificial organ. At this time an efficient, self contained artificial kidney has not become available. Reasons Reasons to construct and install an artificial organ ... a Organ transplant transplant e.g. artificial heart Dramatic improvement of the patient s ability for self care e.g. Prosthesis artificial limb Improvement of the patient s ability to interact socially ... or accident The use of any artificial organ by humans is almost always preceded by extensive Animal ..., such as hip replacement s, in this context. Types There are now many artificial organs that have ... nerve centers to eliminate symptoms. Cardia and pylorus valves Artificial cardia and pylorus .... An implanted pump in the groin or scrotum can be manipulated by hand to fill these artificial ... April 2010 Eye Main visual prosthetic The most successful function replacing artificial eye so far ... functional artificial electronic eye is even more complex than what is already obvious. Steadily increasing complexity of the artificial connection to the retina, optic nerve or related brain areas ..., the use of artificial heart s is limited to patients awaiting transplants whose death is imminent .... Artificial pacemaker s are Electronics electronic devices which can either intermittently augment ..., without the removal of the heart itself. Limbs Main artificial limb Artificial arms with semi functional ... of liver failure using stem cell s. The artificial liver, currently under development, is designed ... artificial liver.php liver HepaLife Artificial Liver Bot generated title ref It is only made possible ... Business Manager at Newcastle University , say that pieces of artificial liver could be used to repair livers injured in the next five years. These artificial livers could also be used outside the body ... more details
refimprove date February 2011 Artificial Society is the specific agent based computational model for computer simulation in social analysis. It is mostly connected to the theme in complex system , emergence , Monte Carlo Method , computational sociology , multi agent system multi agent system , and evolutionary programming . The concept itself is simple enough. Actually reaching this conceptual point took a while. Complex mathematical models have been, and are, common deceivingly simple models only have their roots in the late forties, and took the advent of the microcomputer to really get up to speed. Overview The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. The subject is the process ... Reynolds . He attempted to model living biological agents, a method known as artificial life , a term coined by Christopher Langton . The computational methods of artificial life were applied to the analysis of social systems, christened the artificial society by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell ... first2 Robert L. last2 Axtell authorlink2 Robert Axtell year 1996 title Growing Artificial Societies ... 224 isbn 9780262550253 ref Eventually, the artificial society provided a new method for sociological ... level. The artificial society has been widely accepted by recent sociology as a promising method characterized ... based model s, and cellular automaton cellular automata CA . For many, artificial society is a meeting ... it as practical theology or a fact free science . However, the recent publication of artificial society articles in the scientific journals e.g. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation and http josc.bandungfe.net Journal of Social Complexity shows that artificial life techniques are becoming ... Col 3 of 3 simulated reality social complexity social simulation col end References reflist ... Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation Category Social sciences methodology ... more details
The term artificial gills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificial gills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificial gills human . disambig ... more details
One source date October 2009 Inappropriate tone date May 2010 Artificial Architecture is the title of a research area located at the intersection of the fields of Architectural Design and Artificial Intelligence . It can be considered a subfield of the broad area of Design computing , more specifically oriented to Artificial Intelligence , Computational creativity and Knowledge engineering . The main objectives of this research endeavour are Development of algorithms to partially simplify or automate ... features, structures and objects. The term has been popularized by the Department of Artificial Architecture Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam , where remarkable efforts in this area has been made .... The expression Artificial Architecture was theoretically proposed and thoroughly used in the title ... Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism . ref Francisco ... Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism ... of Artificial Architecture, such as Algorithmic Architecture , Algorithmic Design , and so on. Notes Reflist See also Algorithmic Architecture Artificial Intelligence Artificial life Building ... F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 8460976513, 9788460976516 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 1847282687, 9781847282682 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Artificial Architecture ..., ISBN 0750667257 External links http iaaa.nl artificial acad.html Department of Artificial Architecture http iaaa.nl home.html Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam http www.gsd.harvard.edu people ... www.youtube.com profile?user ArtificialArch&view videos Artificial Architecture Video Channel http www.fundacion.telefonica.com at vida vida10 paginas v6 earquitectura.html Arquitectura Artificial 1.0 ... Life International Competition Category Architecture Category Architectural design Category Artificial ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Reproductive technology Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism . Examples include artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage embryo cleavage . Cutting plants stems and placing them in compost is also a form of artificial reproduction. DEFAULTSORT Artificial Reproduction Category Reproduction Biology stub ar ... more details
An artificial cell is a minimal Cell biology cell from artificial parts and is an emerging technology . Until recently, most attempts have generally created only a package that can do many things a Cell biology cell can do, such as Transcription genetics transcribe and Translation genetics translate proteins and generate Adenosine Triphosphate ATP but not yet a fully operational Cell biology cell . Some scientists, one of which is Daniel Hammer have found ways to make artificial cells that can go to certain parts of the body and release medical drugs when told to. ref http www.rsc.org Publishing ChemTech Volume 2008 09 artificial cells.asp ref The first artificial cell was created by Thomas Chang ref Chang T M Poznansky M J Journal of biomedical materials research 1968 , 2 2 , 187 99. ref at McGill University . An artificial cell wall cell membrane is made of polymersome s. The hemoglobin is placed in the center. In the late sixties Thomas Chang discovered that artificial cells could carry enzymes which could correct certain metabolic disorders, and he also developed an artificial cell filled with charcoal which could treat drug poisoning. ref http www.mcgill.ca about history pioneers chang ref ref http www.youtube.com watch?v QHIocNOHd7A ref See also Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology journal Synthetic biology External links http science.nasa.gov headlines y2003 29may polymersomes.htm Nasa scheme to make artificial blood cells Further reading http publishing.royalsociety.org artificial cell Dedicated issue of Philosophical Transactions B on The Artificial Cell. Some articles are freely available. References references cell biology stub Category Cell biology Category Emerging technology Category Synthetic biology es C lula artificial fr Cellule artificielle hu Mesters ges sejt biol gia it Cellula artificiale ko lv M ksl ga na ta ... more details
Artificial eye may refer to Visual prosthesis , functioning implant designed to restore sight Ocular prosthesis , non functioning cosmetic replacement for a lost eye Artificial Eye distribution , DVD distributor in the USA and UK, specialising in foreign language films disambig ... more details
Expand Spanish topic culture date August 2010 Respiraci n artificial Novela is an Argentina Argentine novel, written by Ricardo Piglia . It was first published in 1980. Category Argentine novels Category Spanish language novels Category 1980 novels 1980s novel stub Argentina stub es Respiraci n artificial Novela ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Artificial digestion is a laboratory technique that reduces digestible material for analytical purposes. Naturally occurring digestive agents such as pepsin and hydrochloric acid are typically used to accomplish artificial digestion. As an example, artificial digestion is used to detect the presence of encysted trichinella larvae in suspected muscle tissue. The meat sample is dissolved by a digestive solution and the remains are examined for the presence of larvae. See also digestion DEFAULTSORT Artificial Digestion Category Parasitology Med stub Parasite stub ar ... more details
orphan date October 2009 The term Artificial atom is commonly used to describe objects that have bound, discrete electronic states, as is the case with naturally occurring atoms. Semiconductor quantum dots are the most common example of artificial atoms, and are square 2D analogies for real atoms. Artificial atoms, or quantum dots, are really made up of more than one atom, but are like single atoms in one important way when you provide the right amount or quanta of energy, they will give off coloured light. External links http web.archive.org web 20071101042418 http qt.tn.tudelft.nl research qdots Periodic Table of 2D artificial atoms See also Programmable matter Category Atoms ... more details
Artificial cream is an imitation of cream made from non dairy fats. Artificial cream is usually made from vegetable oil, not butterfat , and contains no butyric acid. Artificial cream often contains sugar to sweeten it, but intense sweeteners are also used. See also Cool Whip , a brand of imitation whipped cream. External links http www.tradingstandards.gov.uk Kent Analyst 20reports creamcakes.htm Kent County Council on Cream Cakes condiment stub Category Milk substitutes ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Artificial Minds is a book written by Stan Franklin and published in 1995 by MIT Press . The book is a wide ranging tour of the development of artificial intelligence as of the time it was written. As well as discussing the theoretical and philosophical backgrounds of many approaches, it goes into some detail in explaining the workings of many of what the author considers to be the most promising examples of the era. Category Artificial intelligence publications Category 1995 books Category Computer science books Compu book stub ... more details
Artificial Imagination AIm , also called Synthetic Imagination or machine imagination is defined as artificial simulation of human imagination by general or special purpose computers or artificial neural networks . The term artificial imagination is also used to describe a property of machines or Computer program programs Among some of the traits that researchers hope to simulate using machines include creativity , vision, digital art , humor , satire , etc. Artificial Imagination research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science , Rhetoric , psychology , creative arts , philosophy , neuroscience , affective computing , Artificial Intelligence , Artificial Intuition , cognitive science , computational linguistics linguistics , operations research , creative writing , probability and logic . The various practitioners in the field are researching various aspects of Artificial Imagination, such as Artificial Visual Imagination, ref Visual Information Retrieval Using Synthesized Imagery http portal.acm.org ft gateway.cfm?id 1282303&type pdf ref Artificial Aural Imagination, ref AUDIO CONTENT TRANSMISSION by Xavier Amatriain & Perfecto Herrera, http www.iua.upf.es mtg publications dafx2001 xamat.pdf ref , modeling filtering content based on human emotions ref ... ref and Interactive Search ref An Artificial Imagination for Interactive Search. ICCV HCI, 4796 19 28 ... iccv iccv hci2007.html ThomeeHBL07 ref . Some articles on the topic speculate on how artificial imagination may evolve to create an artificial world which people may not want to leave at all. ref .... Sci., Wayne State Univ. have focused on using artificial neural networks for simulating artificial ...?arnumber 1007019 ref The topic of artificial imagination has gotten interest from scholars outside ..., who came up with the Symbolic Convergence Theory and has worked on a project to develop artificial ... Category Artificial intelligence Category Artificial intelligence applications ... more details
An artificial chemistry is a computer model used to simulate various types of system s. Artificial chemistry is in some ways similar to a chemical reaction, hence the name. The field of artificial chemistry originated in artificial life but has shown to be a versatile method with applications in many fields such as chemistry , economics , sociology and linguistics . Formal definition An artificial ... math S. I are the interaction rules of the molecules in S. Types of artificial chemistries depending ... sets Hasse diagram of organizations History of artificial chemistries Artificial chemistries emerged as a sub field of artificial life , in particular from strong artificial life . The idea behind this field .... Artificial chemistry enlists, among others, researchers that believe in an extreme bottom up approach to artificial life. Important contributors The first reference about artificial Chemistries come ... of Artificial Life. In his first papers he presented the concept of organization , as a set of molecules that is algebraically closed and self maintaining. Two main schools of artificial chemistries ... Peter Dittrich and Jens Ziegler , developed various artificial chemistry models. Their 2001 paper Artificial Chemistries A Review became a standard in the field. Jens Ziegler , as part of his PhD thesis, proved that an artificial chemistry could be used to control a small Khepera robot. Among other ... through some simple rules. Since then he became a professor in Jena where he investigates artificial ... of artificial chemistries Artificial Chemistries are often used in the study of protobiology, in trying to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology . A further motivation to study artificial ... and references http www.comp.nus.edu.sg cs6211 papers artchemreview.pdf Artificial chemistries a review ... on artificial chemistries for artificial life http www.minet.uni jena.de biosys twiki bin view.pl ACHEM WebHome the ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY webpage of Peter Dittrich s workgroup. http protobiology.org ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date July 2008 Artificial Psychology is a theoretical discipline proposed by Dan Curtis b. 1963 . The theory states that when the artificial intelligence approaches the level of complexity where the intelligence meets two conditions Condition I A Makes all of its decisions autonomously B Is capable of making decisions based on information that is New Abstract Incomplete C The artificial intelligence is capable of reprogramming itself based on the new data D And is capable of resolving its own programming conflicts, even in the presence of incomplete data. This means that the intelligence autonomously makes value based decisions, referring to values that the intelligence has created for itself. Condition II All four criteria are met in situations that are not part of the original operating program When both conditions are met, then the possibility exists that the intelligence will reach irrational conclusions based on real or created information. At this point, the criteria is met for intervention which will not necessarily be resolved by simple re coding of processes due to extraordinarily complex nature of the codebase itself but rather a discussion with the intelligence in a format which more closely resembles classical human psychology . If the intelligence cannot be reprogrammed by directly inputting new code, but requires the intelligence ... to function normally, then artificial psychology is by definition, what is required. The level .... The theory of artificial psychology does not address the specifics of what those levels may be, but only ... must go through to address their own dysfunctionalities. Along the same lines, artificial ... or not. The current level of artificial intelligence in 2008 does not approach any threshold where any of the theories or principles of artificial psychology may even be tested, and therefore, for the foreseeable future, artificial psychology will remain a theoretical discipline. Category Artificial ... more details
Artificial consciousness AC , also known as machine consciousness MC or synthetic consciousness , is a field related to artificial intelligence and cognitive robotics whose aim is to define that which ... views of artificial consciousness As there are many designations of consciousness, there are many ... hold that all aspects of consciousness are instantiable in artificial, machine systems. The debate over the plausibility of artificial consciousness There is considerable debate over the plausibility ... computers. Chalmers argument for artificial consciousness One of the most explicit arguments for the plausibility ... and Context setting Function. Igor Aleksander suggested 12 principles for Artificial Consciousness ... it possible to demonstrate that it possesses artificial consciousness in the present and not just ... skills. The tasks include serial reaction time SRT tasks, artificial grammar learning AGL tasks, process ... of the elementary processing units, the artificial neuron s, without algorithms or computer ... module called a MoNAD, which has a self aware function, and he then constructed the artificial .... The most important point in developing artificial consciousness or clarifying human consciousness ... professor of Neural Systems Engineering at Imperial College , has extensively researched artificial ... Studies 5 1 , 115 6. ref Testing for artificial consciousness The most well known method for testing ... the cognitive development of artificial creatures. Yet there is a very serious objection to the plausibility ... versions of AC may be impossible. The ethics of artificial consciousness Main Ethics of artificial ... . Because artificial consciousness is still largely a theoretical subject such ethics have ... of the Robitron Yahoo group. ref blockquote Artificial consciousness in literature and movies Main Artificial intelligence in fiction Vanamonde in Arthur C. Clarke s The City and the Stars an artificial ... Series Mind The Culture The Minds in Iain M. Banks The Culture Culture novels. See also Artificial ... more details
An artificial lung is a prosthesis prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological lung s . It is different from a heart lung machine in that it is internal and designed to take over the functions of the lungs for long periods of time rather than on a temporary basis. Recent developments include a device that uses small hollow fibers and the heart s own pumping power to oxygenate blood. It may be necessary for a person to receive artificial lungs if theirs become diseased. ref http web.archive.org web 20070614112000 http www.med.umich.edu opm newspage 2002 artificiallung.htm UMHS News Release Bot generated title ref References reflist See also Heart lung machine Lung transplantation Medical ventilator medical equipment stub Category Artificial organs ... more details
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