The term artificialgills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificialgills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificialgills human . disambig ... more details
TOC right Artificialgills are a device to let a human take in oxygen from surrounding water. This technology does not exist yet or is in early stage of being developed. Methods Several potential methods exist for the development of artificialgills. Dr Land Who date August 2011 has proposed the use of liquid breathing with a membrane oxygenator to solve the problem of carbon dioxide retention, the major limiting factor in liquid breathing. ref cite journal author Land AJ, Claff CL, Sonstegard L, Roberts R, Perry C, Lillehei CW title An extracorporeal artificial gill utilizing liquid fluorocarbon journal Fed. Proc. volume 29 issue 5 pages 1805 8 year 1970 pmid 5466244 doi url ref ref name HEMOGLOBIN cite journal author Land , AJ title SEQUENCED, HEMOGLOBIN BASED ARTIFICIALGILLS SYNTHETIC GILL SUPPORTS DIVER S OR CLIMBER S BREATHING BY CONCENTRATING O2 FROM SEAWATER OR FROM THIN AIR AT ALTITUDE, AND VENTING CO sub 2 sub publisher Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society journal Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Annual scientific meeting abstract year 2006 url http archive.rubicon foundation.org ... in 2001, that is currently testing an artificialgills prototype. ref name BBC Cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 4665624.stm title Inventor develops artificialgills accessdate ... New Scientist article history of attempts to develop artificialgills and the principles and problems ... artificialgills for us navy seals Like A Fish Underwater Breathing System ArtificialGills for U.S. ... from an unusual source DEFAULTSORT ArtificialGills Human Category Underwater diving Category Diving ... without risk of decompression sickness . ref name DCS cite journal author Land , AJ title ARTIFICIAL ... environmental anoxic water. Natural gill s work because nearly all animals with gills are Poikilotherm ... name howstuffworks http express.howstuffworks.com mb gills.htm Why don t people have gills? Bot ... author Iddo Genuth, Tomer Yaffe ref As with any artificial gill, air from a huge volume Quantify date ... more details
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits , as they are in most fishes . Instead, the respiratory organs are set on a frill of stalks protruding from the sides of an animals head. Image Axolotl Portrait.jpg thumb right 200px Axolotl has 3 pairs of external gills This type of gill is most commonly observed on the aquatic larva of most species of salamanders , lungfish , and bichir s which have only one large pair , and are retained by neotenic adult salamanders and some species of adult lungfish. They are present on non transforming salamander species such as the mudpuppy , as well as most members of the Proteidae and Sirenidae families, which naturally never metamorphose into an air breathing form. The embryos of frogs and caecilians also develop external gills at some point in their development, though these are either resorbed before or disappear shortly after hatching. Fossils of the distant relatives of modern amphibians, such as Branchiosaurus and Apateon , also show evidence of external gills. The external gills commonly consist of a single stalk rami protruding from a gill arch behind the head of the animal, above an associated gill slit. The stalk usually contains muscle tissue, and may be moved by the animal as a free appendage, in order to stir up stagnant water. The stalk is lined by many thinly walled filaments fimbriae , containing the majority of blood vessels used in gas exchange. Animals usually have one external gill originating on each gill arch except the hyoid , which leads to there being three pairs of external gills in salamanders, and four in the gilled larvae of lungfish. Category Animal anatomy amphibian stub animal anatomy stub ... more details
Gills is an unincorporated community located in Amelia County, Virginia Amelia County , in the U.S. state of Virginia . Reference gnis 1497787 Amelia County, Virginia coord missing Virginia Category Unincorporated communities in Virginia Category Populated places in Amelia County, Virginia AmeliaVA geo stub ... more details
Infobox UK place country Scotland official name Gills scots name gaelic name population os grid reference ND322728 map type Caithness latitude 58.638595 longitude 3.169606 unitary scotland Highland council area Highland lieutenancy scotland constituency westminster constituency scottish parliament post town Mey, Highland postcode district KW1 4 postcode area KW dial code Galltair is a remote coastal, scattered crofting township and former fishing village , overlooking Gills Bay and consists of Upper Gills to the south and the main township on the coast and is situated on the north coast of Caithness , Scottish Highlands and is in the Scotland Scottish council area of Highland Council area Highland . The township is located directly between the villages of Mey to the west along the A836 road A836 coast road, and the village of Canisbay to the east. A ferry terminal is located on Gills Bay which runs a ferry service to Orkney. commonscat Category Populated places in Caithness Highland geo stub ... more details
Gills Bay , which is situated some 3mls. 5k. West of John o Groats with the community of Gills, Caithness Gills close by, has one of the longest stretches of low lying rock coast on the northern shores of Caithness . Its main features are a small harbour and the pier used as the mainland terminal for Pentland Ferries . The harbour shelters some small local boats together with those used for working the sheep on the off lying island of Stroma, Scotland Stroma . In the right sea conditions the area is sometimes used for surfing. Short Sea Crossing While Scrabster to Stromness is the longest continuously used ferry route to Orkney , started in 1856, historically the Gills Bay area has been the main setting off point from the mainland to the islands of Stroma, Scotland Stroma and Swona and Orkney itself. This route, known as The Short Sea Crossing, is generally considered to be both the quickest and safest across the waters of the Pentland Firth . At present Pentland Ferries operate a year round service on this route to St Margaret s Hope on South Ronaldsay . History The first pier was constructed ... introduce the short sea crossing from Gills Bay to Burwick on South Ronaldsay . Tens of millions of pounds were spent on a new ferry and building a terminal and linkspan at Gills Bay together with similar ... at Gills was damaged by heavy weather. It was then realised that it would be impossible to run a regular ... to Gills Bay where it was sunk to form a continuation of the pier thus greatly increasing its length ... the Common Seal is also present. Porpoises can be seen all year round in all parts of the firth and at Gills ... in the autumn many large groups may be seen in Gills Bay where they congregate. Basking Shark . Rare ... here in the Gills Bay Stroma area though may be seen in deeper water. External links commonscat http www.caithness.org atoz gills index.htm Gills Bay http www.fettes.com Caithness gills 20bay.htm Geology ... type waterbody source GNS enwiki display title Category Bays of Scotland Category Caithness nn Gills ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Gills and Wings image Cahpiccrop.jpg caption image size 300 landscape yes background group or band origin Richmond, Virginia Richmond , Virginia , United States U.S. genre years active label associated acts website http www.gillsandwings.com current members Danny Reyes br Santiago de la Fuente br Alex McCallum br Matt Hulcher br Andrew Hackett past members Chris Whiteman Gills and Wings is a five piece band based in Richmond va Richmond, Virginia. Its members are Danny Reyes vocals, synthesizer , Santiago de la Fuente vocals, piano , Alex McCallum guitar, backing vocals , Matt Hulcher bass, bass synth, backing vocals , and Andrew Hackett drums, electronic percussion . History Danny Reyes studied music at New World School of the Arts and Florida International University in Miami Miami, FL . He sang with The Soundboard, a Miami based pop band. Santiago de la Fuente also studied at New World School of the Arts, where he met Reyes and formed a songwriting partnership. He sang and played piano with The Soundboard and collaborated with Reyes on the soundtrack to the independent film Chatterbox. Alex McCallum played on Jason Mraz s debut album, Waiting for My Rocket to Come Waiting For My Rocket To Come. He was a member of the jam rock band Schwill and the R&B soul band Buddha Pop fronted by singer Buttafly Vazquez and featuring Giustino Riccio, timbalero with salsa group Bio Ritmo . Matt Hulcher has ... guitar with Buddha Pop, and has returned to the drumset with Gills and Wings. He also collaborated ..., VA in the summer of 2008 with engineer Stewart Myers to record their self titled EP. Gills and Wings .... Recent activity Gills and Wings has appeared twice on WRIR LP WRIR FM once in live performance and on the stage ... background group or band name Gills and Wings title Gills and Wings above nowrap Danny Reyes nowrap ... list1 Gills and Wings EP DEFAULTSORT Gills And Wings Category Music of Richmond, Virginia Category Musical ... more details
orphan date April 2010 Infobox nrhp name Gills Farm Archeological District nrhp type hd image caption location Randolph, Massachusetts locmapin Massachusetts area architect architecture added October 24, 1983 governing body Private refnum 83004093 ref name nris NRISref 2008a ref Gills Farm Archeological District is a historic district United States historic district in Randolph, Massachusetts . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. References Reflist Registered Historic Places Category Historic districts in Massachusetts NorfolkMA NRHP stub ... more details
Infobox settlement name Gills Rock official name settlement type Unincorporated area Unincorporated community nickname motto Images image skyline GillsRockDowntownNorthWIS42.jpg imagesize image caption Looking north at downtown Gills Rock image flag image seal Maps pushpin map USA Wisconsin pushpin label position left the position of the pushpin label left, right, top, bottom, none pushpin map caption Location within the state of Wisconsin pushpin mapsize image map map caption Location within Door county Location subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name United States subdivision type1 Political divisions of the United States State subdivision name1 Wisconsin subdivision type2 List of counties in Wisconsin County subdivision name2 Door County, Wisconsin Door government footnotes government type leader title Mayor leader name leader title1 leader name1 established title established date Area unit pref Imperial area footnotes area magnitude area total km2 area land km2 area water km2 Population population as of United States Census, 2000 2000 population footnotes population total population density km2 auto General information timezone Central Time Zone Americas Central CST utc offset 6 timezone DST CDT utc offset DST 5 elevation footnotes elevation ft coordinates ... Names Information System GNIS feature ID blank1 info website footnotes Gills Rock is an unincorporated ... wi door gills rock.cfm ref It is within the town of Liberty Grove, Wisconsin ..., a local 19th century landowner. Gills Rock has a strong history and tradition of commercial fishing ... Morts . The Pilot Island Light is located on Pilot Island near Gills Rock. Gills Rock is also the departure ... Press Notes reflist External links http maps.google.com maps?f q&hl en&q gills rock&sll 45.296143 ... plan communities ellison bay gills rock.aspx Door County Chamber of Commerce General ... places in Door County, Wisconsin vo Gills Rock ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Artificial Paradise may refer to Artificial Paradise The Guess Who album Artificial Paradise The Guess Who album , 1973 Artificial Paradise Sylvan album Artificial Paradise Sylvan album Artificial Paradise film Artificial Paradise film , a 1990 Yugoslavian film disambiguation ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
One source date October 2009 Inappropriate tone date May 2010 Artificial architecture , also referred to as algorithmic architecture and algorithmic design , is the research area combining architectural design and artificial intelligence . It can be considered a subfield of design computing , with emphases on artificial intelligence , computational creativity and knowledge engineering . The main objectives ... and objects. The term has been popularized by the Department of Artificial Architecture Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam , where remarkable efforts in this area have been made employing visual grammar to generate random specifications of 3 dimensional objects and structures. The concept of artificial ... of a PhD Thesis developed at Polytechnical University of Madrid Spain Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism . ref Francisco Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 http oa.upm.es 553 01 FRANCISCO JAVIER FERNANDEZ HERRERO.pdf Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism , http oa.upm.es ... Notes Reflist See also Artificial intelligence Artificial life Building Information Modeling CAD ... Knowledge engineering References F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 , Arquitectura artificial ... , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 1847282687, 9781847282682 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism, movie. Digital Video Disc Kostas Terzidis 2009 , Algorithmic Architecture, ISBN 0750667257 External links http iaaa.nl artificial acad.html Department of Artificial Architecture http iaaa.nl home.html Institute of Artificial ... Graduate School of Design http www.youtube.com profile?user ArtificialArch&view videos Artificial ... Arquitectura Artificial 1.0 , VIDA 6.0. http www.fundacion.telefonica.com arteytecnologia ... Architectural design Category Artificial intelligence Category Computer aided design Category ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Reproductive technology Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism . Examples include artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage embryo cleavage . Cutting plants stems and placing them in compost is also a form of artificial reproduction. DEFAULTSORT Artificial Reproduction Category Reproduction Biology stub ar ... more details
Artificial eye may refer to Visual prosthesis , functioning implant designed to restore sight Ocular prosthesis , non functioning cosmetic replacement for a lost eye Artificial Eye , DVD distributor in the USA and UK, specialising in foreign language films disambig ... more details
Expand Spanish topic culture date August 2010 Respiraci n artificial Novela is an Argentina Argentine novel, written by Ricardo Piglia . It was first published in 1980. Category Argentine novels Category Spanish language novels Category 1980 novels 1980s novel stub Argentina stub es Respiraci n artificial Novela ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Artificial digestion is a laboratory technique that reduces digestible material for analytical purposes. Naturally occurring digestive agents such as pepsin and hydrochloric acid are typically used to accomplish artificial digestion. As an example, artificial digestion is used to detect the presence of encysted trichinella larvae in suspected muscle tissue. The meat sample is dissolved by a digestive solution and the remains are examined for the presence of larvae. See also digestion DEFAULTSORT Artificial Digestion Category Parasitology Med stub Parasite stub ar ... more details
File Magdalenenklause 1.jpg thumb Magdalenenklause in Munich Artificial ruins or imitation ruins are edifice fragments built to resemble real remnants of historic buildings. Artificial ruins became fashionable in Germany German interpretations of baroque and english garden s, like the Ruinenberg . The ruins are mostly of gothic or ancient style. See also Folly External links http www.360cities.net image artificial ruins inside aldara parks Artificial ruins in Riga 360 degree panorama Category Ruins in Germany Category Parks in Germany de K nstliche Ruine Germany struct stub ... more details
Artificial cream is an imitation of cream made from non dairy fats. Artificial cream is usually made from vegetable oil, not butterfat , and contains no butyric acid. Artificial cream often contains sugar to sweeten it, but intense sweeteners are also used. See also Cool Whip , a brand of imitation whipped cream. External links http www.tradingstandards.gov.uk Kent Analyst 20reports creamcakes.htm Kent County Council on Cream Cakes condiment stub Category Milk substitutes ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Artificial Minds is a book written by Stan Franklin and published in 1995 by MIT Press . The book is a wide ranging tour of the development of artificial intelligence as of the time it was written. As well as discussing the theoretical and philosophical backgrounds of many approaches, it goes into some detail in explaining the workings of many of what the author considers to be the most promising examples of the era. Category Artificial intelligence publications Category 1995 books Category Computer science books Compu book stub ... more details
Artificial imagination AIm , also called Synthetic imagination or machine imagination is defined as artificial simulation of human imagination by general or special purpose computers or artificial neural networks . The term artificial imagination is also used to describe a property of machines or Computer program programs Among some of the traits that researchers hope to simulate using machines include creativity , vision, digital art , humor , satire , etc. Artificial imagination research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science , Rhetoric , psychology , creative arts , philosophy , neuroscience , affective computing , Artificial Intelligence , Artificial intuition , cognitive science , computational linguistics linguistics , operations research , creative writing , probability and logic . The various practitioners in the field are researching various aspects of Artificial imagination, such as Artificial visual imagination, ref Visual Information Retrieval Using Synthesized Imagery http portal.acm.org ft gateway.cfm?id 1282303&type pdf ref Artificial aural Imagination, ref AUDIO CONTENT TRANSMISSION by Xavier Amatriain & Perfecto Herrera, http www.iua.upf.es mtg publications dafx2001 xamat.pdf ref modeling filtering content based on human emotions ref ... and Interactive Search ref An Artificial Imagination for Interactive Search. ICCV HCI, 4796 19 28 ... iccv iccv hci2007.html ThomeeHBL07 ref . Some articles on the topic speculate on how artificial imagination may evolve to create an artificial world which people may not want to leave at all. ref Hypertext ...., Wayne State Univ. have focused on using artificial neural networks for simulating artificial imagination ... 1007019 ref The topic of artificial imagination has gotten interest from scholars outside the computer ..., who came up with the Symbolic Convergence Theory and has worked on a project to develop artificial ... Artificial intelligence Category Artificial intelligence applications ... more details
An artificial chemistry is a computer model used to simulate various types of system s. Artificial chemistry is in some ways similar to a chemical reaction, hence the name. The field of artificial chemistry originated in artificial life but has shown to be a versatile method with applications in many fields such as chemistry , economics , sociology and linguistics . Formal definition An artificial ... math S. I are the interaction rules of the molecules in S. Types of artificial chemistries depending ... sets Hasse diagram of organizations History of artificial chemistries Artificial chemistries emerged as a sub field of artificial life , in particular from strong artificial life . The idea behind this field .... Artificial chemistry enlists, among others, researchers that believe in an extreme bottom up approach to artificial life. Important contributors The first reference about artificial Chemistries come ... of Artificial Life. In his first papers he presented the concept of organization , as a set of molecules that is algebraically closed and self maintaining. Two main schools of artificial chemistries ... Peter Dittrich and Jens Ziegler , developed various artificial chemistry models. Their 2001 paper Artificial Chemistries A Review became a standard in the field. Jens Ziegler , as part of his PhD thesis, proved that an artificial chemistry could be used to control a small Khepera robot. Among other ... through some simple rules. Since then he became a professor in Jena where he investigates artificial ... of artificial chemistries Artificial Chemistries are often used in the study of protobiology, in trying to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology . A further motivation to study artificial ... and references http web.cs.mun.ca banzhaf papers alchemistry review MIT.pdf Artificial chemistries ... papers on artificial chemistries for artificial life http www.minet.uni jena.de biosys twiki bin view.pl ACHEM WebHome the ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY webpage of Peter Dittrich s workgroup. http protobiology.org ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date July 2008 Artificial Psychology is a theoretical discipline proposed by Dan Curtis b. 1963 . The theory states that when the artificial intelligence approaches the level of complexity where the intelligence meets two conditions Condition I A Makes all of its decisions autonomously B Is capable of making decisions based on information that is New Abstract Incomplete C The artificial intelligence is capable of reprogramming itself based on the new data D And is capable of resolving its own programming conflicts, even in the presence of incomplete data. This means that the intelligence autonomously makes value based decisions, referring to values that the intelligence has created for itself. Condition II All four criteria are met in situations that are not part of the original operating program When both conditions are met, then the possibility exists that the intelligence will reach irrational conclusions based on real or created information. At this point, the criteria is met for intervention which will not necessarily be resolved by simple re coding of processes due to extraordinarily complex nature of the codebase itself but rather a discussion with the intelligence in a format which more closely resembles classical human psychology . If the intelligence cannot be reprogrammed by directly inputting new code, but requires the intelligence ... to function normally, then artificial psychology is by definition, what is required. The level .... The theory of artificial psychology does not address the specifics of what those levels may be, but only ... must go through to address their own dysfunctionalities. Along the same lines, artificial ... or not. The current level of artificial intelligence in 2008 does not approach any threshold where any of the theories or principles of artificial psychology may even be tested, and therefore, for the foreseeable future, artificial psychology will remain a theoretical discipline. Category Artificial ... more details
orphan date October 2009 The term Artificial atom is commonly used to describe objects that have bound, discrete electronic states, as is the case with naturally occurring atoms. Semiconductor quantum dots are the most common example of artificial atoms, and are analogies for real atoms. Artificial atoms, or quantum dots, are really made up of more than one atom, but are like single atoms in one important way when you provide the right amount or quanta of energy, they will give off coloured light. External links See also Programmable matter Category Atoms ... more details
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