Global Arrays , or GA, is the library developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared memory programming on distributed memory computers for multidimensional arrays. The GA library is a predecessor to the GAS global address space languages currently being developed for high performance computing. ref cite journal last1 Nieplocha first1 Jarek last2 Harrison first2 Robert journal The Journal of Supercomputing volume 11 pages 119 year 1997 doi 10.1023 A 1007955822788 issue 2 ref ref cite journal last1 Nieplocha first1 J. title Advances, Applications and Performance of the Global Arrays Shared Memory Programming Toolkit journal International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications volume 20 pages 203 year 2006 doi 10.1177 1094342006064503 issue 2 ref ref cite journal last1 Nieplocha first1 Jaroslaw last2 Harrison first2 Robert J. last3 Littlefield first3 Richard J. title Global arrays A nonuniform memory access programming model for high performance computers journal The Journal of Supercomputing volume 10 year 1996 doi 10.1007 BF00130708 issue 2 ref ref cite book isbn 978 1 58603 796 3 editor1 last Bischof editor1 first C editor2 last Bucker editor2 first C editor3 last Gibbon editor3 first P editor4 last Joubert editor4 first G editor5 last Lippert editor5 first T editor6 last Mohr editor6 first B editor7 last Peters editor7 first F title Parallel Computing Architectures, Algorithms and Applications year 2008 volume 15 pages 339 345 publisher IOS Press location Amsterdam language English issn 0927 5452 chapter Towards Fault Resilient Global Arrays series Advances in Parallel Computing last1 Tipparaju first1 Vinod last2 Krishnan first2 Manoj last3 Palmer first3 Bruce last4 Petrini first4 ... allocator, ARMCI, and functionality for out of core storage of arrays ChemIO . Although GA was initially ... also Portal Free software http www.emsl.pnl.gov docs global Global Arrays Home Page http www.emsl.pnl.gov ... more details
Focal Plane Arrays are arrays of receivers placed at the focus of a radio telescope . Traditional radio telescopes have only one receiver at the focus of the telescope, but radio telescopes are now starting to be equipped with focal plane arrays, which are of three different types multi beam feed arrays, bolometer arrays, and the experimental phased array feeds. Multi beam feed arrays Multi beam feed arrays incorporate several distinct heterodyne Superheterodyne receiver receivers, each with its own feed horn , in a small array at the focus of the radio telescope . A feed array with n receivers will increase the survey speed of the telescope by a factor n, making them very powerful survey instruments. Because radio wavelengths are large, the resulting feed arrays are amongst the largest radio astronomy receivers ever built. Examples include the multi beam arrays ref http www.atnf.csiro.au research multibeam Parkes Multibeam ref ref http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2007IAUS..237..403C ref on the Parkes Observatory , and the ALFA ref http www.naic.edu alfa ALFA ref array at Arecibo Observatory , both of which have been used for major pulsar and Hydrogen line studies, such as HIPASS . Bolometer Arrays Bolometer arrays are arrays of bolometer receivers which measure the energy of incoming radio photons. They are typically used for astronomy at millimeter wavelengths. Examples include the SCUBA receiver on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and the LABOCA ref http www.mpifr bonn.mpg.de staff gsiringo laboca laboca at the mpifr bolometer group.html LABOCA ref instrument on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment APEX telescope. Phased Array Feeds Phased Array Feeds are an experimental type of focal plane array using Phased array technology in which heterodyne receivers are closely spaced so that they do not act independently, but instead act as sensors of the electromagnetic field across the array of the incoming radio waves. The outputs of the receivers can then be combined to synthesise ... more details
Micro Arrays for Mass Spectrometry MAMS is an analytical platform for high throughput analysis of single Cell biology cells and other low volume samples by mass spectrometry . It involves unsupervised aliquoting of cell suspension into discrete recipient sites. The aliquoting effect is achieved due to the differences in wettability of the recipient sites and the surrounding area. References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist High density micro arrays for mass spectrometry http pubs.rsc.org en Content ArticleLanding 2010 LC C0LC00211A Carbon 13 labelling strategy for studying the ATP metabolism in individual yeast cells by micro arrays for mass spectrometry http pubs.rsc.org en content articlelanding 2011 MB C1MB05248A Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Mass spectrometry Sci stub ... more details
Diversity Arrays Technology DArT is the name of a technology used in molecular genetics to develop sequence marker s for genotyping and other genetics genetic analysis. DArT is based on microarray hybridizations that detect the presence versus absence of individual fragments in genomic representations ref cite journal author Jaccoud D, Peng K, Feinstein D, Kilian A title Diversity arrays a solid state technology for sequence information independent genotyping journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 29 issue 4 pages E25 year 2001 month February pmid 11160945 pmc 29632 doi 10.1093 nar 29.4.e25 url ref . The technology has significant advantages over other array based Single nucleotide polymorphism detection technologies in the analysis of polyploid plants ref cite journal author Wenzl P, Carling J, Kudrna D, et al. title Diversity Arrays Technology DArT for whole genome profiling of barley journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 101 issue 26 pages 9915 20 year 2004 month June pmid 15192146 pmc 470773 doi 10.1073 pnas.0401076101 url http www.pnas.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15192146 ref . External resources http www.diversityarrays.com applicationsdart.html Applications of DArT . http www.diversityarrays.com molecularprincip.html Description of the technology . References references Category Genetics Category Molecular genetics genetics stub ... more details
Microstructured optical arrays MOAs are instruments for focusing x ray optics x ray s. MOAs utilise total external reflection at Angle of incidence Grazing angle grazing incidence from an array of small channels in order to bring x rays to a common focus optics focus . This method of focusing means that MOAs exhibit low Absorption electromagnetic radiation absorption . MOAs are used in applications which require x ray focal spots in the order of few micrometers or below, such as radiobiology of individual cells. Current MOA based focusing optics designs have two consecutive array components in order to reduce Coma optics comatic aberration . Properties Image MOA config 1.jpg thumb 300px Fig. 1 MOA with second component compressed. MOAs are achromatic which means the focal properties do not change for radiation of different wavelengths as they utilize grazing incidence reflection. This means that they are able to focus chromatic radiation to a common point unlike zone plate s. MOAs are also adjustable as the optic can be compressed in order to alter the focal properties such as focal length . Focal length can be calculated for the system in fig. 1 using the geometry shown in fig. 2 where it can be seen that changing the gap between the components d D in the figure or the radius of curvature R will have a large effect on the focal length. Image MOA config 1 geometry2.jpg thumb 300px Fig. 2 Geometry of MOA in configuration shown in fig. 1. MOAs have been used in configurations shown in figs. 1 & 3 whereby one or both components can be adjusted. This has varying effects on the focal properties, in general it has been found that smaller focal spot sizes are apparent when MOAs are used as shown in fig. 1 with only the second component adjusted. Image MOA config 2.jpg thumb 300px ... shown in fig. 2. Manufacturing Current microstructured optical arrays are composed of silicon ... article&id 111&Itemid 127&lang en sprache titel Microstructured optical arrays werk datum ... more details
VAO may mean Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow lang ru . Vienna Art Orchestra Vertex Arrays Object, an OpenGL feature similar to Vertex Buffer Object VBO and Vertex Arrays. disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A tower array is an arrangement of multiple Radio masts and towers radio tower s which are mast radiator s in a phased array . Tower arrays can consist of free standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station . The number of towers in a tower array can vary. In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern , linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave , square arrangements are chosen. Examples Tower arrays with guyed masts Longwave transmitter Europe 1 Transmitter Weisskirchen Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter Transmitter Wachenbrunn Transmitter Ismaning VoA Station Tower arrays with free standing towers Junglinster Longwave Transmitter Orfordness transmitting station See also Twin Towers disambiguation directional antenna longwave mediumwave directional array References reflist DEFAULTSORT Tower Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Telecommunications equipment Category Telecommunications infrastructure Category Towers Category Radio frequency antenna types Mast stub ... more details
Focal Plane Array may refer to Staring array , a focal plane array used in optics Focal Plane Arrays , a focal plane array used in a radio telescope disambiguation ... more details
Summary Onyx can have different arrays and bands of colors. However, some can even be pure black. http www.themysticcorner.com Crystals.asp Licensing GFDL migration relicense ... more details
arrays are designed to be unbounded arrays and therefore their sizes are not pre allocated. They can ... in the Judy array. Speed Judy arrays are designed to keep the number of processor cache line ... as often as possible. Due to these cache optimizations, Judy arrays are fast, sometimes even faster than a hash table , especially for very big datasets. Despite Judy arrays being a type of trie , they consume ... External links http judy.sourceforge.net Main Judy arrays site http judy.sourceforge.net downloads 10minutes.htm How Judy arrays work and why they are so fast http judy.sourceforge.net application shop interm.pdf A complete technical description of Judy arrays http www.nothings.org computer judy An independent ... implementation of Judy arrays in 1K lines of C code Category Arrays datastructure stub th ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 context October 2009 Image HP HASS NIKE.jpg thumb Hewlett Packard disk arrays HASS top and NIKE OEM d Data General SCSI Clariion Image EMC Clariion CX500.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC CLARiiON CX500 Cover removed on one Shelf Image EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 Front.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drive s. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure , in that an array has cache memory and advanced functionality, like redundant array of independent disks RAID and Storage virtualization virtualization . Components of a typical disk array include Disk array controller s Cache memories Disk enclosure s Power supply Power supplies Typically a disk array provides increased availability, resiliency and maintainability by using additional, redundant components controllers, power supplies, fans, etc. , often up to the point when all single point of failure single points of failure SPOFs are eliminated from the design. Additionally those components are often hot swappable. Typically, disk arrays are divided into categories Network attached storage NAS arrays storage area network SAN arrays Modular SAN arrays Monolithic SAN arrays Utility Storage Arrays Storage virtualization DEFAULTSORT Disk Array Category Computer storage Category Fault tolerant computer systems Category RAID de Disk Array fr Baie de stockage ja pl Macierz dyskowa ru ... more details
multiple issues confusing January 2010 notability January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan July 2010 wikify January 2011 Control Array mostly used in Visual Basic is the collection of controls that programmer put it in form VB Form . Control array is always a single dimensional Array data structure array . Control array is that you can add or delete array elements at run time. With some controls, it is very useful to define control arrays it depends on the application. Control arrays are a convenient way to handle groups of controls that perform a similar function. All of the events available to the single control are still available to the array of controls, the only difference being an argument indicating the index of the selected array element is passed to the event. Hence, instead of writing individual procedures for each control i.e. not using control arrays , you only have to write one procedure for each array. Category BASIC programming language family ... more details
Atomic Terrace Low Angle Shadowing ATLAS is a technique for the fabrication of material independent planar arrays of nanowire s. ref Cite journal last1 Cuccureddu first1 F. last2 Usov first2 V. last3 Murphy first3 S. last4 Coileain first4 C.O. last5 Shvets first5 I. title Planar nanowire arrays formed by atomic terrace low angle shadowing journal Review of Scientific Instruments volume 79 issue 5 pages publisher American Institute of Physics date 20 May 2008 url http link.aip.org link doi 10.1063 1.2929835 issn 0034 6748 doi 10.1063 1.2929835 ref The technique involves the low angle incidence of flux material on vicinal substrates. Vicinal Thin film substrates comprise of atomic terraces separated by atomic steps. The ATLAS technique allows for the fabrication of well defined planar arrays of plasmon ic nanostructure s, of dimensions unachievable by lithography . References reflist Category Physics Category Nanotechnology ... more details
Exuberants paraders dance in front of the massive arrays speakers carried on the parade trucks. Photo taken by User User Crazynorvegian Crazynorvegian on 09 16 2006 At the 2006 Techno Parade in Paris, France. Cc by sa 2.5 Contact author before commercial use ... more details
Summary Computer generated image of the International Space Station on Sept. 29, 2007 after its two oldest solar arrays were furled outside the Russian Zarya control module. Credit NASA Licensing PD USGov NASA Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Svenbot Orphan image ... more details
John Costas may refer to John P. Costas engineer born 1923 , American engineer responsible for inventing the Costas loop and Costas arrays John P. Costas business born 1957 , American businessman and former head of UBS Investment Bank and Dillon Read Capital Management hndis Costas, John ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date August 2007 Transistor arrays are used for general purpose applications, function generation and low level, low noise amplifier s. They include two or more transistors on a common Wafer electronics substrate to ensure close parameter matching and thermal tracking, characteristics that are especially important for long tailed pair differential amplifier s. Transistor arrays comprise if multiple transistor in one package and help to improve the mounting density and reduce the mounting cost of discrete transistor employed for driving low power out put devices such as relays bulbs. Category Electronic circuits Electronics stub ... more details
sometimes used in sun slicer mode, the arrays are oriented edge on to the direction of travel ... the full power available. Operationally, it is sometimes desirable to orient the solar arrays to produce the opposite effect, and maximize the drag on the arrays. This may be done, for example, to reduce ... more details
ALGOL 68S ref name SIGPLAN A Sublanguage of ALGOL 68 , P.G. Hibbard, SIGPLAN Notices 12 5 , May 1977 ref was designed as a subset of ALGOL 68 in order to permit single pass compilation. It was mostly for numerical computation. Implementations A compiler for ALGOL 68S was available for the PDP 11 , written in BLISS programming language BLISS . The multiprocessor version designed for the C.mmp ref name Cmmp http vestein.arb phys.uni dortmund.de wb a68s.txt Description of C.mmp A68S implementation. ref has been preserved at the PUPS archive of the PDP11 Unix Heritage society, c.f. http www.tuhs.org Archive PDP 11 Applications algol68.tar.gz . Charles H. Lindsey has another ALGOL 68 implementation called ALGOL 68S for Sun3 , Sun Sparc under SunOS 4.1 , Sun Sparc under Solaris operating system Solaris 2 , Atari ST under Atari ST GEMDOS and Acorn Archimedes under RISC OS , c.f. http www.cs.man.ac.uk chl ALGOL 2068 Chief differences from ALGOL 68 no union no flex but string s are handled specially no arrays inside structures but references to arrays would be allowed and a similar restriction on arrays of arrays multidimensional arrays are nonetheless permitted limitations on use of long and short to facilitate implementation on small computers no heap no parallel processing restrictions on the order of declaration and other small syntactic differences to make single pass compilation possible no format s summarised from Appendix 4 of the Informal Introduction ref name II Informal Introduction to Algol 68 , C.H. Lindsey and S.G. van der Meulen, North Holland 1977 ref References references DEFAULTSORT Algol 68s Category ALGOL 68 implementation Subset compu lang stub ... more details
Name s s firstName i , lastName i print Height in CM s heightInCM i source Parallel arrays have a number ... only arrays of primitive types and not of records or perhaps don t support records at all . Parallel arrays are simple to understand and use, and are often used where declaring a record is more trouble ... and cache behavior. However, parallel arrays also have several strong disadvantages, which serves to explain ... support the language and its syntax typically express no relationship between the arrays in the parallel array . They are expensive to grow or shrink, since each of several arrays must be reallocated. Multi level arrays can ameliorate this problem, but impacts performance due to the additional indirection ... to perform this transformation automatically when arrays of structures are created in the program. See also Linked list Linked lists using arrays of nodes An example in the linked list article Column ... 7. Page 209 of section 10.3 Implementing pointers and objects. Category Arrays Category Articles ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Company name CombiMatrix Corp. logo type Public company Public genre foundation founder location city Mukilteo, WA location country USA location locations area served key people Dr. Amit Kumar, Ph.D. industry Biotechnology products services market cap 45 million USD ref name zenobank revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees 57 ref name zenobank parent divisions subsid homepage http www.combimatrix.com www.combimatrix.com footnotes Datasource ZenoBank ref name zenobank cite web url http www.zenobank.com index.php?symbol CBMX&page quotesearch title Company Profile for CombiMatrix Corp CBMX accessdate 2008 10 23 ref intl CombiMatrix Corp. nasdaq CBMX is a company that, among other things, makes DNA microarray s using electrochemistry on arrays of microelectrodes. The arrays are built on semiconductor chips. The CombiMatrix method controls the building of DNA on its semiconductor chips by the software controlled turning on and off of electrodes. The process is intended to facilitate manufacture of custom DNA arrays, where users want the ability to do some experiments, change content, do some more experiments, change the content again, and so on. References reflist External links http www.combimatrix.com CombiMatrix Category Research support companies Category Microarrays ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer programming , the stride of an array also increment or step size refers to the number of locations in Computer data storage Primary memory memory between successive Array data structure array elements, measured in byte s or in units of the size of the array s elements. An array with stride 1 has elements which are contiguous in memory. Such arrays are sometimes said to have unit stride . Unit stride arrays are generally more efficient than non unit stride arrays, due to the effects of cache caching . This is attributed to the Locality of reference Principle of Locality , specifically spatial locality. Reasons for non unit stride There are at least two reasons arrays may have a stride larger than their elements width in bytes. First, many languages including C programming language C and C allow structures to be Data structure alignment padded to better take advantage of the word length of the machine. For example source lang c struct ThreeBytesWide char a 3 struct ThreeBytesWide myArray 100 source In the above code snippet, code myArray code might well turn out to have a stride of four bytes, rather than three, if the C code were compiled for a 32 bit architecture, and the compiler had optimized as is usually the case for minimum processing time rather than minimum memory usage. Second, some languages allow arrays of structures to be treated as overlapping parallel array s with non unit stride source lang c include stdio.h struct MyRecord int value char text Print the contents of an array of ints with the given stride void print some ints const int arr, int length, size t stride int i for i 0 i length i printf d n , arr 0 arr int unsigned char arr stride int main void int ints 100 0 struct MyRecord records 100 0 print some ints &ints 0 , 100, sizeof ints 0 print some ints &records 0 .value, 100, sizeof records 0 return 0 source This idiom is a form of type punning . DEFAULTSORT Stride Of An Array Category Arrays Category Ar ... more details
function , making the arrays useful in applications such as sonar and radar . Costas arrays ... array radar engineering. Costas arrays are named after John P. Costas engineer John P. Costas , who ... arrays. ref http nanoexplanations.wordpress.com 2011 10 09 an independent discovery of costas arrays An independent discovery of Costas arrays , Aaron Sterling, October 9, 2011. ref Numerical representation ... binary matrices , these arrays of numbers have the property that, since each row and column has ... matrices . Thus, the Costas arrays for any given n are a subset of the permutation matrices of order n . Arrays are usually described as a series of indices specifying the column for any row. Since .... This makes it easy to communicate the arrays for a given order of N . Known arrays All Costas arrays ... . Costas arrays are known for infinitely many sizes because there exist two methods of generating ... known as finite field theory. The following table describes all possible Costas arrays of size up ... 6,3,4,2,1,5 6,4,1,3,2,5 6,4,5,1,3,2 6,4,5,2,1,3 6,5,1,3,4,2 6,5,2,3,1,4 A full database of the arrays ... It is not known whether Costas arrays exist for all sizes. Currently, the smallest sizes for which no arrays are known are 32× 32 and 33× 33. Constructions Welch A Welch Costas array ... Costas arrays which exist for a given size depends on the Euler s totient function totient function .... contribution Combinatoric collaboration on Costas arrays and radar applications doi 10.1109 NRC.2004.1316432 ... arrays url http www.costasarrays.org costasrefs golomb84constructions.pdf volume 72 year 1984 . citation ... Information clearinghouse concerning Costas arrays and their study. MacTech 1999 Programmer s challenge http www.mactech.com progchallenge 9912Challenge.html Costas arrays On Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences A008404 OEIS A008404 Number of Costas arrays of order n , counting rotations and flips as distinct. A001441 OEIS A001441 Number of inequivalent Costas arrays of order n under dihedral ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Dynamic aperture is a term in acoustics used very much like aperture in photography. The arrays in side scan sonar can be programmed to transmit just a few elements at a time or all the elements at once. The more elements transmitting, the narrower the beam and the better the Audio bit depth resolution . The ratio of the aperture size to the imaging depth is known as the F number. Dynamic aperture is keeping this number constant by growing the aperture with the imaging depth until the physical aperture cannot be increased. A modern medical ultrasound machine has a typical F number of 0.5. Side Scan Sonar systems produce images by forming angular beams . Beam width is determined by length of the sonar array, narrower beams resolve finer detail. Longer arrays with narrower beams provide finer spatial resolution. Missing image removed Image beam.jpg Category Acoustics physics stub ... more details
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