The Armstrong electronic oscillatoroscillator ref Edwin H. Armstrong, Wireless receiving system US patent 1113149 filed 19 October 1913 issued 6 October 1914 . In Figure 1, a tapped inductor auto transformer provides the feedback in Figure 6, a transformer provides the feedback. Armstrong s patent is also available on line at http patimg1.uspto.gov .piw?Docid 01113149&homeurl http 3A 2F 2Fpatft.uspto.gov 2Fnetacgi 2Fnph Parser 3FSect1 3DPTO1 2526Sect2 3DHITOFF 2526d 3DPALL 2526p 3D1 2526u 3D 25252Fnetahtml 25252FPTO 25252Fsrchnum.htm 2526r 3D1 2526f 3DG 2526l 3D50 2526s1 3D1,113,149.PN. 2526OS 3DPN 2F1,113,149 2526RS 3DPN 2F1,113,149&PageNum &Rtype &SectionNum &idkey NONE&Input View first page ref also known as Alexander Meissner Meissner oscillator ref Alexander Meissner, http v3.espacenet.com publicationDetails originalDocument?FT D&DB EPODOC&locale en EP&CC DE&NR 291604C&KC C Einrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Schwingungen Equipment for production of electrical oscillations , Reichspatent no. 291,604 filed April 10, 1913 issued June 23, 1919 . ref is named after its inventor, the electrical engineer Edwin Armstrong . It is sometimes called a tickler oscillator because the feedback needed to produce oscillations is provided using a Electromagnetic coil tickler coil T in the circuit ... frame Armstrongoscillator schematic The circuit diagram shown is a modern implementation, using a field effect transistor as the amplifying element. Armstrong s original design used a triode vacuum ... using Armstrong, and the German speakers Mei ner. See also Colpitts oscillator Clapp oscillator Hartley oscillator Va k oscillator Opto Electronic Oscillator Footnotes Reflist DEFAULTSORT ArmstrongOscillator Category Oscillators de Mei ner Schaltung it Oscillatore Meissner pl Generator Meissnera pt Oscilador de Armstrong ru sr Armstrongov oscilator .... ref A. Grebennikov, RF and Microwave Transistor Oscillator Design. Wiley 2007. ISBN 978 0 470 02535 ... more details
ways to amplify and filter. Some of the different circuits are Armstrongoscillator Hartley oscillator Colpitts oscillator Clapp oscillator Delay line oscillator Pierce oscillator crystal Phase shift oscillator RC oscillator Wien bridge oscillator Wien Bridge and Twin T Cross coupled LC circuit LC oscillator Vack oscillator Opto Electronic Oscillator . Relaxation oscillator Main relaxation oscillator A relaxation oscillator produces a non sinusoidal output, such as a square wave ...Refimprove date September 2010 Image OpAmpHystereticOscillator.svg thumb A popular Relaxation oscillator Comparator based electronic relaxation oscillator op amp relaxation oscillator . An electronic oscillator ... beepers and video game s. A low frequency oscillation low frequency oscillator LFO is an electronic oscillator that generates an alternating current AC waveform at a frequency below 20 Hz. This term ... oscillator. Oscillators designed to produce a high power AC output from a DC supply are usually called Inverter electrical inverters . There are two main types of electronic oscillator the harmonic oscillator and the relaxation oscillator . Harmonic oscillator Image Oscillator diagram1.svg thumb Block diagram of a harmonic oscillator an amplifier A with its output v sub o sub fed back into its input v sub f sub through a electronic filter filter , j . Main Harmonic oscillator The harmonic, or Linear circuit linear , oscillator produces a sinusoid al output. The basic form of a harmonic oscillator ... radio transmitter s and the local oscillator s in radio receiver s. Typical LC oscillator circuits are the Hartley oscillator Hartley , Colpitts oscillator Colpitts and Clapp oscillator Clapp circuits ... , this is called a crystal oscillator . These kinds of oscillators contain quartz crystals ... oscillator circuit is often used for crystal oscillators. Because the crystal is an off chip ... quite inexpensive. Surface acoustic wave SAW devices are a kind of crystal oscillator, but achieve ... more details
with the inductor. See also Armstrongoscillator Hartley oscillator Va k oscillator Opto Electronic Oscillator Pierce oscillator References references Ulrich L. Rohde, Ajay K. Poddar, Georg B ck ...The Clapp electronic oscillatoroscillator is one of several types of electronic oscillator constructed from a transistor or vacuum tube and a positive feedback network, using the combination of an inductance L with a capacitor C for frequency determination, thus also called LC oscillator . It was published by James Kilton Clapp in 1948. ref J. K. Clapp, An inductance capacitance oscillator of unusual frequency stability , Proc. IRE , vol. 367, pp. 356 358, Mar. 1948. ref According to Va k , ref Jiri Vackar, LC Oscillators and their Frequency Stability, TESLA Report 1949, ch. 4, http n1ekv.org Oscillators Vackar wholepaper.pdf ref oscillators of this kind were independently developed by several inventors, and one developed by Geoffrey G. Gouriet Gouriet had been in operation at the BBC since 1938. Image Clapp oscillator.png frame Clapp Oscillator direct current biasing network not shown Referring to the notional circuit in the figure, the network comprises a single inductor and three capacitors. Capacitors C1 and C2 form a voltage divider that determines the amount of feedback voltage applied to the transistor input. The Clapp oscillator is a Colpitts oscillator that has an additional capacitor placed in series with the inductor. The oscillation frequency in hertz cycles per second for the circuit in the figure, which uses a field effect transistor Field effect transistor FET , is math ... is often preferred over a Colpitts circuit for constructing a variable frequency oscillator VFO ... 0 471 41479 4. A. Grebennikov, RF and Microwave Transistor Oscillator Design. Wiley 2007. ISBN 978 0 ... Electronics Lecture 24 Oscillators. Clapp oscillator. VFO startup DEFAULTSORT Clapp Oscillator Category ... Clapp nl Clapp oscillator ja pl Generator Clappa ru zh Clapp ... more details
Cleanup date February 2008 The Hartley oscillator is an electronic oscillator electronic circuit circuit that uses an inductor and a capacitor in parallel to determine the frequency. Invented in 1915 by American engineer Ralph Hartley , the distinguishing feature of the Hartley circuit is that the feedback needed for oscillation is taken from a tap on the coil, or the junction of two coils in series. Operation Image Hartley osc.svg framed Schematic diagram A Hartley oscillator is essentially any configuration that uses two series connected coils and a single capacitor see Colpitts oscillator for the equivalent oscillator using two capacitors and one coil . Although there is no requirement for there to be mutual coupling between the two coil segments, the circuit is usually implemented this way. It is made up of the following Two inductor s in series, which need not be mutual One tuning capacitor Advantages of the Hartley oscillator include The frequency may be adjusted using a single variable ... L 2 math see ref Jim McLucas, Hartley oscillator requires no coupled inductors, EDN October 26, 2006 ... Patent Drawing . The Hartley oscillator was invented by Ralph Hartley Ralph V.L. Hartley while he ... circuit diagram The Hartley oscillator was extensively used on all broadcast band s including the FM 88 108MHz band. An example is given of the Scott 310E RF oscillator for its FM section. See also LC oscillators Armstrongoscillator Colpitts oscillator Clapp oscillator Va k oscillator Other non LC Wien bridge oscillator Opto electronic oscillator References Reflist Citation inventor first Ralph ... first F. A. last Record first2 J. L. last2 Stiles title An Analytical Demonstration of Hartley Oscillator ... oscillator , Integrated Publishing Category Oscillators ca Oscil lador Hartley de Hartley Schaltung es Oscilador Hartley fr Oscillateur Hartley nl Hartley oscillator ja pl Generator Hartleya pt Oscilador Hartley ru sr Hartli oscilator sv Hartley oscillator zh ... more details
the describing function method. See also Armstrongoscillator Clapp oscillator Hartley oscillator Relaxation Oscillator Vack oscillator Wien bridge oscillator External links http www.falstad.com circuit ...align right Image Oscillator Colpitts 1920.svg thumb right Early schematic of a Colpitts circuit, using a vacuum tube, redrawn from the patent publication. A Colpitts electronic oscillatoroscillator , invented ... oscillator circuits using the combination of an inductance L with a capacitor C for frequency determination, thus also called LC oscillator . The distinguishing feature of the Colpitts circuit is that the feedback ... colp.svg thumb 130px Figure 1 Simple common base Colpitts oscillator with simplified biasing valign top Image Cc colp2.svg thumb 130px Figure 2 Simple common collector Colpitts oscillator with simplified biasing colspan 2 Image NPN Colpitts oscillator collector coil.svg thumb 300px Figure 3 Practical common base Colpitts oscillator with an oscillation frequency of 50 MHz A Colpitts oscillator is the electrical dual of a Hartley oscillator . Fig. 1 shows the basic Colpitts circuit, where two capacitor ... is taken from a voltage divider made of two capacitors, whereas in the Hartley oscillator the feedback ... oscillator, the amplification of the active component should be marginally larger than the attenuation of the capacitive voltage divider, to obtain stable operation. Thus, a Colpitts oscillator used as a variable frequency oscillator VFO performs best when a variable inductance is used for tuning ... be done via a third capacitor connected in parallel to the inductor or in series as in the Clapp oscillator ... Colpitts oscillator model used in analysis at left. One method of oscillator analysis is to determine ... of oscillation is as given in the previous section. For the example oscillator above, the emitter ... of the common base oscillator reveals that a low frequency amplifier voltage gain must be at least ... are replaced by inductors and magnetic coupling is ignored, the circuit becomes a Hartley oscillator ... more details
See also Armstrongoscillator External links http www.mines.uidaho.edu glowbugs vackar vfo.html Vacuum ...Image Vackar oscillator.svg right 282px Schematic A Vack oscillator is a variation of the split capacitance oscillator model. It is similar to a Colpitts oscillator or a Clapp oscillator in this respect. It differs in that the output level is relatively stable over frequency, and has a wider Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth when compared to a Clapp design. In 1949, the Czechoslovakia Czech engineer Ji Vack published a paper on the design of stable oscillators. ref name Vack Ji Vack , LC Oscillators and their Frequency Stability, TESLA Report 1949, http n1ekv.org Oscillators Vackar wholepaper.pdf ref As a result of his in depth analysis of vacuum tube oscillators, he proposed a variant of a Colpitts oscillator, where an additional capacitive voltage divider on the grid input reduces the feedback voltage to the necessary amount, and at the same time reduces the unwanted, unstable tube capacitances. ref Ji Vack , Stabilization of resonant circuits, U.S. patent 2,706,249 filed 10 February 1950 issued 12 April 1955 . Available on line at http patimg1.uspto.gov .piw?Docid 02706249&homeurl http 3A 2F 2Fpatft.uspto.gov 2Fnetacgi 2Fnph Parser 3FSect1 3DPTO1 2526Sect2 3DHITOFF 2526d 3DPALL 2526p 3D1 2526u 3D 25252Fnetahtml 25252FPTO 25252Fsrchnum.htm 2526r 3D1 2526f 3DG 2526l 3D50 2526s1 3D2,706,249.PN. 2526OS 3DPN 2F2,706,249 2526RS 3DPN 2F2,706,249&PageNum &Rtype &SectionNum ... oscillator, and Cv Cg is the grid voltage divider. The circuit can be tuned with C0. Example values are from his paper. It is similar to an earlier Seiler oscillator , the difference is that in Seiler ... of Clapp oscillator Gouriet Clapp Vack claims it is for fixed frequency or a very narrow band, max ... circuit coil is used instead Cv, Cg, and Ca of Seiler s schematics in the 1st ref . The oscillator ... varied as sup 3 sup for the Clapp oscillator, as 1 for the Seiler oscillator, and as Q ... more details
wiktionary oscillator An oscillator is a device designed for oscillation. Oscillator may also refer to Electronic oscillator Do not list specific named types of electronic oscillators on this page. They are not ambiguous Harmonic oscillatorOscillator technical analysis , a method used in technical analysis of financial markets Oscillator cellular automaton Oscillator EP Oscillator EP , an EP by Information Society See also Oscillation differential equation Oscillation mathematics Oscillistor , a semiconductor device disambig hi nl Oscillator ja pl Oscylator ujednoznacznienie pt Oscilador ru ta ... more details
Oscillator sync is a feature in some synthesizer s with two or more Voltage controlled oscillator VCO s or digital emulations of VCOs . One oscillator will restart the period of another oscillator, so that they will have the same frequency base frequency . The timbre can be altered on the synched oscillator by varying its frequency input. A synched oscillator that resets the other oscillator s is called the master, and any synched oscillator that is reset by another oscillator is called a slave. There are two common forms of oscillator sync which appear on synthesizers Hard Sync and Soft Sync. Soft .... Hard Sync The master oscillator s pitch is generated by user input typically the synthesizer s Musical Keyboard keyboard , and is arbitrary. The slave oscillator s pitch may be musical tuning ... oscillator s periodic function cycle repeats, the slave is retriggered, regardless of its position ... at the same frequency, but the irregular cycle of the slave oscillator often causes unnatural timbres ... of the master oscillator and retriggering the slave oscillator after every other crossing. This form of oscillator sync is more common than soft sync, but is prone to generating aliasing in naive digital ... Sync. In a Hard Sync setup, the slave oscillator is forced to reset to some level and phase for example ... 019136.html ref Soft Sync means a sync intended to nudge and lock the slave oscillator into the same or an integer or fractional multiple of the master oscillator frequency when they both have similar phases. See also Phase locked loop Reversing Sync This form of oscillator sync is less common ... oscillator level crosses some threshold. Used for audio synthesis, this may give an audible effect similar to Soft Sync. Reset Inhibit Sync When the master oscillator crosses some threshold, the normal ... ref In a digital oscillator, best practice is that the slave will not be reset to the identical phase ... may be naively implemented by measuring the zero axis crossings of the master oscillator and reversing ... more details
refimprove date October 2010 The Robinson oscillator is an electronic circuit originally devised for use in the field of continuous wave CW Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR . It was a development of the Marginal oscillator . Strictly one should distinguish between the marginal oscillator and the Robinson oscillator, although sometimes they are conflated and referred to as a Robinson marginal oscillator . Modern Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI systems are based on pulsed or Fourier Transform NMR they do not rely on the use of such oscillators. The key feature of a Robinson Oscillator is a limiter in the feedback loop. This means that a square wave current, of accurately fixed amplitude, is fed back to the tank circuit. The tank selects the fundamental of the square wave, which is amplified and fed back. This results in an oscillation with well defined amplitude the voltage across the tank circuit is proportional to its Q factor. The marginal oscillator has no limiter. It is arranged for the working point of one of the amplifier elements to operate at a nonlinear part of its characteristic and this determines the amplitude of oscillation. This is not as stable as the Robinson arrangement. The Robinson oscillator was invented by the ingenious United Kingdom British physicist Neville Robinson . References Robinson, F. N. H., Nuclear Resonance Absorption Circuit, Journal of Scientific Instruments , 36 481 487 1959 Deschamps, P., Vaissi re, J. and Sullivan, N. S., http content.aip.org RSINAK v48 i6 664 1.html Integrated circuit Robinson oscillator for NMR detection , Review of Scientific Instruments , 48 6 664 668, June 1977. DOI 10.1063 1.1135103 Wilson, K. J. and Vallabhan, C. P. G., http www.iop.org EJ abstract 0957 0233 1 5 015 An improved MOSFET based Robinson oscillator for NMR detection , Meas. Sci. Technol. , 1 5 458 460, May 1990. DOI 10.1088 0957 0233 1 5 015 Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Category Oscillators physics stub medical equipment stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 A dynatron oscillator is an Electronics electronic circuit that uses negative resistance to keep an LC circuit LC tank circuit oscillating. In theory, if an ideal capacitor is connected in parallel with an ideal inductor , they form a resonant circuit that, once it begins oscillating, will oscillate forever as the energy is transferred back and forth between the capacitor and the inductor. In practice, however, the two components are not ideal. Real inductors and capacitors are equivalent to an ideal component in parallel or in series with a resistance a real resonant circuit is equivalent to an ideal capacitor, inductor, and resistor connected in parallel. If a negative resistance equal in magnitude to this positive resistance can be connected in parallel with the above circuit, then the two resistances will cancel and the circuit will oscillate forever as described earlier. Although no passive negative resistors exist, some active devices exhibit a negative resistance characteristic. Examples of such devices are some tetrode thermionic valve s or tubes and the tunnel ... losses and power extracted from the oscillator. The oscillation is self starting as the resonant ... Engineering, 4th ed. McGraw Hill, NY 1955, pp. 197,503 ref This type of oscillator is commonly known as a dynatron oscillator, though, technically, only the version using the tetrode valve is a true dynatron oscillator. Later models of tetrodes were treated to reduce the usually undesirable secondary emission characteristics of the plate, making them less suitable for the dynatron oscillator. An oscillator ... is called a transitron oscillator . ref Irving M. Gottlieb Practical oscillator handbook Elsevier, 1997 reprint ISBN 0750631023, page 79 ref M. G. Scroggie described the dynatron oscillator in detail ... Handbook . The type 77 pentode was a good dynatron tube. The main advantage of this type of oscillator ... references DEFAULTSORT Dynatron Oscillator Category Oscillators da NDR oscillator ... more details
The McClellan oscillator is a market breadth indicator used by financial analysts of the New York Stock Exchange to evaluate the rate of money entering or leaving the market and interpretively indicate overbought or oversold conditions of the market. ref name McClellan http www.mcoscillator.com Oscillator.html Illustrative description by McClellan Publications of the McClellan Oscillator ref History Developed by Sherman and Marian McClellan in 1969, the oscillator is computed using the exponential moving average EMA of the daily ordinal difference of advancing issues stocks which gained in value from declining issues stocks which fell in value over 39 trading day and 19 trading day periods. How it works The simplified formula for determining the oscillator is math Oscillator text 19 day EMA of Advances minus Declines text 39 day EMA of Advances minus Declines math The McClellan summation index MSI is calculated by adding each day s McClellan oscillator to the previous day s summation index. By using the summation index of the mcclellan oscillator, you can judge the markets overall bullishness or bearishness. MSI properties above zero it is considered to be bullish positive growth below zero it is considered to be bearish negative growth The Summation Index is oversold at 1000 to 1250 or overbought at 1000 to 1250. ref name McClellan The number of stocks in a stock market determine the dynamic range of the MSI. For the NZSX one of the smallest exchanges in the English speaking world the MSI would probably range between 50 ... 50 , the 19 and 39 constants used for the US exchanges would have to be revised. For the NZSX a MSI moving average mechanism might be needed to smooth out the perturbations of such a small number of traded stocks. References Reflist External links http www.investopedia.com terms m mcclellanoscillator.asp Investopedia description of the McClellan Oscillator http stockcharts.com charts indices McSumNYSE.html Current NYSE McClellan Oscillator and Summation ... more details
A Royer oscillator is an electronic oscillator which has the advantages of simplicity, low component count, rectangle waveforms and easy transformer isolation. It was first described by George H. Royer in December 1954 in Electrical Manufacturing ref http www.google.com patents?id ZxEaAAAAEBAJ&pg PA1&source gbs selected pages&cad 2 v onepage&q&f false Royer oscillator circuit United States Patent 2783384 ref . Circuit description Image Royer Circuit1.gif 250px thumb Royer oscillator circuit The circuitry consists of a Saturable reactor saturable core transformer with a primary winding , a feedback winding and optionally a secondary winding . The primary winding is centre tapped, with each half driven by a transistor collector. The feedback winding couples a small amount of the transformer flux back in to the transistor bases to generate the oscillations. The oscillation frequency is determined by maximum magnetic flux density power supply voltage and inductance of the primary winding . Applications File DC AC inverter of the Royer circuit.jpg 250px thumb DC AC inverter The Royer oscillator circuit was an old circuit, and it was being used for past DC AC inverter. There is collector resonance circuit which often be mistaken be called with the Royer oscillator circuit. The inventor of the collector resonance type oscillator is not George H. Royer but another inventor. As for the oldest invention, it is known as the Bell Telephone Laboratories s invention ref http www.google.com patents?id iMk2AAAAEBAJ&printsec abstract v onepage&q&f false United States Patent 3818314 ref . These are being used for drive the cold cathode fluorescent lamp CCFL backlight of an LCD display. CCFL inverter s produce a sinusoidal waveform for good efficiency, which is necessary for good battery life ... index.php Royer oscillator HVwiki Who was Royer and what did he invent? Appendix K in Jim ... , Linear Technology Application Note 65, November 1995. References references DEFAULTSORT Royer Oscillator ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Linear circuit Linear electronic oscillator Electric circuit circuits , which generate a sinusoidal output signal, are composed of an amplifier and a frequency selective element, a Electronic filter filter . An oscillator circuit which uses an RC network , a combination of resistor s and capacitor s, for its frequency selective part is called an RC oscillator . Sine wave oscillators Two configurations are common. One is called a Wien bridge oscillator . In this circuit, two RC circuits are used, one with the RC components in series and one with the RC components in parallel. The Wien Bridge is often used in audio signal generator s because it can be easily tuned using a two section variable capacitor or a two section variable potentiometer which is more easily obtained than a variable capacitor suitable for generation at low frequencies . The archetypical Hewlett Packard HP 200 audio oscillator is a Wien Bridge oscillator. Image RC oscillator.svg right Schematic The second common design is called a Twin T oscillator as it uses two T RC circuits operated in parallel. One circuit is an R C R T which acts as a low pass filter . The second circuit is a C R C T which operates as a high pass filter . Together, these circuits form a bridge which is tuned at the desired frequency of oscillation. The signal in the C R C branch of the Twin T filter is advanced, in the R C R delayed, so they may cancel one another for frequency math f frac 1 2 pi RC math if math ... an oscillator. Another common design is the phase shift oscillator . If they are to produce an undistorted ... the oscillator s signal to the linear range . That is, clipping is prevented. The HP 200 oscillator ... to control the gain of the voltage controlled amplifier within the oscillator. If the amplitude ... will ensure that the oscillator has a constant output amplitude no matter what frequency it is set ... RC network. DEFAULTSORT Rc Oscillator Category Oscillators nl RC oscillator ru RC zh RC ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Main Variable frequency oscillator A local oscillator is an electronic device used to generate a signal information theory signal normally for the purpose of converting a signal of interest to a different frequency using a Frequency mixer mixer . This process of frequency conversion, also referred to as Heterodyne heterodyning , produces the sum and difference frequencies of the frequency of the local oscillator and frequency of the input signal of interest. These are the beat frequency beat frequencies . Normally the beat frequency is associated with the lower sideband , the difference between the two. Several local oscillators can be strung in series to form a local oscillator chain LO chain . Historically, most applications of local oscillators were widely used in radio physics over frequencies from Hertz kHz to GHz. After spreading of nonlinear optics , the same terms and principles apply also to the optical frequencies of order of math 10 15 math Hz. See also Superheterodyne receiver Direct conversion receiver Homodyne detection Heterodyne detection DEFAULTSORT Local Oscillator Category Oscillators Category Radio electronics de Lokaler Oszillator it Oscillatore locale kk ja ru su Osilator lokal ... more details
MOSFET s. File Ring oscillator 3 stage .svg right thumb 300px A schematic of a simple 3 inverter ring oscillator whose output frequency is 1 6 inverter delay . A ring oscillator is a device composed of an odd ... chain composed of an even number of inverters cannot be used as a ring oscillator the last output ... memory , or SRAM. A real ring oscillator only requires power to operate above a certain threshold ... of a given oscillator. Secondly, a smaller ring oscillator may be fabricated this results in a higher ... of a ring oscillator, one must first understand gate delay . In a physical device, no gate can switch ... of every inverter of a ring oscillator changes a finite amount of time after the input has changed. From ... schematic of a three stage ring oscillator with delay in a .25u CMOS process. The ring oscillator is a member of the class of time delay oscillators. A time delay oscillator consists of an inverting ..., but it will become square as the amplifier reaches its output limits. The ring oscillator is a distributed version of the delay oscillator. The ring oscillator uses an odd number of inverters ..., hence the name ring oscillator. Adding pairs of inverters to the ring increases the total delay and thereby decreases the oscillator frequency. Changing the supply voltage changes the delay through each inverter, with higher voltages typically decreasing the delay and increasing the oscillator frequency. Applications The voltage controlled oscillator in most phase locked loop s is built from a ring oscillator. ref http ietele.oxfordjournals.org cgi content abstract E88 C 3 437 A Performance Prediction of Clock Generation PLLs A Ring Oscillator Based PLL and an LC Oscillator Based PLL ref A ring oscillator is often used to demonstrate a new hardware technology, analogous to the way ... article.pl?sid 06 03 24 015207 Slashdot Science IBM Creates Ring Oscillator on a Single Nanotube ... Completely Transparent IC ref Many wafer electronics wafer s include a ring oscillator as part ... more details
Larry Williams developed the ultimate oscillator as a way to account for the problems experienced in most oscillators when used over different lengths of time. ref http www.asiapacfinance.com trading strategies technicalindicators UltimateOscillator AsiaPacFinance.com Trading Indicator Glossary ref The oscillator is a technical analysis oscillator developed by Larry Williams based on a notion of buying or selling pressure represented by where a day s closing price falls within the day s true range . The calculation starts with buying pressure , which is the amount by which the close is above the true low on a given day. The true low is the lesser of the given day s trading low and the previous close. math bp close min low, prev ,close math The true range the same as used in average true range is the difference between the true high and the true low above. The true high is the greater of the given day s trading high and the previous close. math tr max high, prev ,close min low, prev ,close math The total buying pressure over the past 7 days is expressed as a fraction of the total true range over the same period. If math bp 1 math is today, math bp 2 math is yesterday, etc, then math avg 7 bp 1 bp 2 cdots bp 7 over tr 1 tr 2 cdots tr 7 math The same is done for the past 14 days and past 28 days and the resulting three ratios combined in proportions 4 2 1, and scaled to make a percentage ... price and the oscillator is observed, meaning prices make new lows but the oscillator doesn t During the divergence the oscillator has fallen below 30. The oscillator then rises above its high during .... The position is closed when the oscillator rises above 70 considered overbought , or a rise above 50 ... education IndicatorAnalysis indic ultimate.html Ultimate Oscillator at StockCharts.com http www.chartfilter.com reports c52.htm Ultimate Oscillator at ChartFilter.com http www.fool.com investing ... reading The Ultimate Oscillator , by Larry Williams, Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities magazine ... more details
A Fessenden oscillator is an electro acoustic transducer invented by Reginald Fessenden , with development starting in 1912 at the Raytheon Submarine Signal Company of Boston. ref http muse.jhu.edu journals tech summary v042 42.3frost01.html Summary of Frost 2001 ref It was the first successful Sonar History sonar device. Similar in operating principle to a dynamic voice coil Speaker driver loudspeaker , it was an early kind of transducer, capable of Sonar Active sonar creating underwater sounds and of hydrophone picking up their echoes . The creation of this device was motivated by the RMS Titanic disaster of 1912, which highlighted the need to protect ships from collisions with icebergs, obstacles, and other ships. Because of its relatively low operating frequency, it has been replaced in modern transducers by piezoelectric devices. Oscillator The oscillator in the name referred to the fact that the device vibrated and moved water in response to a driving Alternating current AC current. It was not an Electronic oscillatoroscillator in the electronic sense that it generated a repetitive signal, in fact electronic oscillators did not yet exist when this device was created. Since the design ... oscillator either. Operation The Fessenden oscillator somewhat resembled a modern dynamic microphone ... oscillator was reversible the AC winding could be connected to a head set and underwater sounds ... Application During the First World War the Fessenden oscillator was applied to detection of submarine ... for detecting and localising small targets. In peacetime, the oscillator was used for depth finding ... and Strategies The Making and Selling of the Fessenden Oscillator publisher http muse.jhu.edu Project ... cite journal title Submarine Signaling Fessenden Oscillator first H. J. H. last Fay journal Journal ... doi 10.1111 j.1559 3584.1917.tb01183.x cite journal title The Fessenden oscillator History, electroacoustic ... 1 hydroacoustics DEFAULTSORT Fessenden Oscillator Category Transducers Category Sonar Category Maritime ... more details
Primary sources date April 2008 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Oscillator Type EP Artist Information Society band Information Society Cover InSoc Oscillator CD.jpg Released March 19, 2007 online br June 21, 2007 CD Recorded 2006 , 2007 Genre Synthpop br Freestyle music Freestyle Length Label Hakatak Producer Information Society Reviews Last album Pure Energy br 2004 This album Oscillator br 2007 Next album Synthesizer album Synthesizer br 2007 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption Alternative cover Type EP Cover InSoc Oscillator online.jpg Lower caption Online release Oscillator is an Extended play EP by Information Society band Information Society . It was their first new commercial release after a six year hiatus. This six song record features the vocal stylings of newcomer Christopher Anton , as well as a range of intriguing guests and remix ers. In addition to four mixes of the underground smash Back in the Day , and the well received track I Like The Way You Werk It there is a rare live recording of Great Big Disco World , made at Club Milky Robot in Osaka , Japan in 2006 . Online Release Oscillator was released March 19, 2007 as an Internet only Extended play EP , offered for purchase through a variety of web based music retailers, including iTunes , Napster and Rhapsody. Track listing Back in the Day Back in the Day Kasino Mix Back in the Day Electro Roots Mix Back in the Day Kain & Arvy Mix I Like The Way You Werk It Great Big Disco World Live feat. Vitamin C CD Release A Compact Disc CD version of Oscillator was released June 21, 2007, with an extra audio track and a bonus CD ROM video track. Track listing CD release Back In The Day I Like The Way You Werk It Great Big Disco World Back In The Day Electro Roots Mix I Like The Way You Werk It Kain ... historical archive http www.informationsociety.us 2007 03 19 177 Oscillator EP Release Details on the http www.informationsociety.us official InSoc website DEFAULTSORT Oscillator Ep Category 2007 EPs ... more details
the corner frequency f sub sub c f sub 0 sub sup 2 sup as the linewidth of the oscillator ... oscillator phase noise as L , the ratio of the single sideband SSB phase noise power to the power ... more details
refimprove date January 2011 Inadequate lead date March 2011 A relaxation oscillator is an electronic oscillatoroscillator based upon the behavior of a physical system s Relaxation physics return to equilibrium after being disturbed . That is, a dynamical system within the oscillator continuously dissipates its internal energy. Normally the system would return to its natural equilibrium however, each time the system reaches some threshold sufficiently close to its equilibrium, a mechanism disturbs it with additional energy. Hence, the oscillator s behavior is characterized by long periods of dissipation ... need not be electronic in general. Any oscillator whose oscillations are driven by a system that almost always is dissipating energy may be called a relaxation oscillator. Pearson&ndash Anson electronic relaxation oscillator Image NeonBulbRelaxationOscillator.svg thumb Circuit diagram of a capacitive relaxation oscillator with a neon lamp threshold device This example can be implemented with a capacitor ... threshold. Alternative implementation with 555 timer A similar relaxation oscillator can be built with a 555 ... charge again. Comparator&ndash based electronic relaxation oscillator Alternatively, when the capacitor .... Image OpAmpHystereticOscillator.svg thumb A comparator based hysteretic oscillator. This relaxation oscillator is a hysteretic oscillator, named this way because of the hysteresis created by the positive ... of comparator based Relaxation Oscillator Image opamprelaxationoscillator.svg thumb 300px Transient analysis of an comparator based relaxation oscillator. math , V math is set by math , V out math across ... of the use of the relaxation oscillator This type of circuit was used as the time base in early ... relaxation oscillator is based. Robert Kearns &ndash Used relaxation oscillator in intermittent wiper patent dispute. stable limit cycle &ndash a more abstract concept a relaxation oscillator ... sv Relaxation oscillator ... more details
no footnotes date December 2010 one source date December 2010 An atom or a molecule can absorb light and undergo a transition from one quantum state to another. The oscillator strength is a dimensionless quantity to express the strength of the transition. The oscillator strength math f 12 math of a transition from a lower state math 1 m 1 rangle math to an upper state math 2 m 2 rangle math may be defined by math f 12 frac 2 3 frac m e hbar 2 E 2 E 1 sum m 2 sum alpha x,y,z langle 1 m 1 R alpha 2 m 2 rangle 2, math where math m e math is the mass of an electron and math hbar math is the hbar reduced Planck constant . The quantum state s math n m n rangle, n math 1,2,..., are assumed to have several degenerate sub states, which are labeled by math m n math . Degenerate means that they all have the same energy math E n math . The operator math R x math is the sum of the x coordinates math r i,x math of all math N math electrons in the system, etc. math R alpha sum i 1 N r i, alpha . math The oscillator strength is the same for each sub state math 1 m 1 rangle math . Thomas Reiche Kuhn sum rule The sum of the oscillator strength from one sub state math i m i rangle math to all other states math j m j rangle math is equal to the number of electrons math N math math sum j f ij N. math See also Atomic spectral line Sum rule in quantum mechanics References Robert C. Hilborn, Einstein coefficients, cross sections, f values, dipole moments, and all that , Am. J. of Phys. 50, 982 1982 , http arxiv.org abs physics 0202029 arXiv physics 0202029v1 DEFAULTSORT Oscillator Strength Category Spectroscopy Category Atoms physical chemistry stub ar de Oszillatorst rke pt For a de oscilador ru uk ... more details
about the harmonic oscillator in classical mechanics its uses in quantum mechanics quantum harmonic oscillator ... right frame An undamped spring mass system is a simple harmonic oscillator. In classical mechanics , a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences ..., the system is called a simple harmonic oscillator , and it undergoes simple harmonic motion ... is also present, the harmonic oscillator is described as a damped oscillator . Depending ... case, and an amplitude decreasing with time underdamped oscillator . Decay to the equilibrium position, without oscillations overdamped oscillator . The boundary solution between an underdamped oscillator and an overdamped oscillator occurs at a particular value of the friction coefficient and is called critically damped . If an external time dependent force is present, the harmonic oscillator is described as a driven oscillator . Mechanical examples include pendulum pendula with small angles ... s. The harmonic oscillator model is very important in physics, because any mass subject to a force in stable equilibrium acts as a harmonic oscillator for small vibrations. Harmonic oscillators occur .... They are the source of virtually all sinusoidal vibrations and waves. Simple harmonic oscillator main .... A simple harmonic oscillator is an oscillator that is neither driven nor Damping damped . It consists ..., the motion of a simple harmonic oscillator is characterized by its Frequency period T , the time ... . The velocity and acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator oscillate with the same frequency ... harmonic oscillator at position x is math U frac 1 2 kx 2. math Damped harmonic oscillator ... ratio File Oscillatory motion acceleration.ogv thumb A damped harmonic oscillator, which slows ... k m math is called the undamped angular frequency of the oscillator and math zeta frac c 2m omega ... 200px Step response of a damped harmonic oscillator curves are plotted for three values of nowrap ... more details
The Pierce oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator particularly well suited for use in piezoelectric crystal oscillator circuits. Named for its inventor, G. W. Pierce George W. Pierce 1872 1956 , ref George W. Pierce October 1923 Piezoelectric crystal resonators and crystal oscillators applied to the precision calibration of wavemeters, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , vol. 59, no. 4, pages 81 106. ref ref George W. Pierce, Electrical System, U.S. patent 2,133,642 filed 25 February 1924 issued 18 October 1938 . Available on line at http patimg1.uspto.gov .piw?Docid 02133642&homeurl http 3A 2F 2Fpatft.uspto.gov 2Fnetacgi 2Fnph Parser 3FSect1 3DPTO1 2526Sect2 3DHITOFF 2526d 3DPALL 2526p 3D1 2526u 3D 25252Fnetahtml 25252FPTO 25252Fsrchnum.htm 2526r 3D1 2526f 3DG 2526l 3D50 2526s1 3D2,133,642.PN. 2526OS 3DPN 2F2,133,642 2526RS 3DPN 2F2,133,642&PageNum &Rtype &SectionNum &idkey NONE&Input View first page . ref the Pierce oscillator is a derivative of the Colpitts oscillator . Virtually all digital electronics digital IC clock oscillators are of Pierce type, as the circuit can be implemented using a minimum of components a single Inverter logic gate digital .... Operation Image Pierce oscillator.svg thumb Simple Pierce oscillator Biasing resistor R sub 1 ... and can improve start up time. ref Ruan Lourens. Microchip AN943 Practical PICmicro Oscillator Analysis ... oscillator with a variable capacitor often 18 or 20 pF to trim the crystal to oscillate at exactly the frequency ... capacitance of the inverter, and C sub s sub , the stray capacitances from the oscillator, PCB ... title Pierce gate oscillator crystal load calculation accessdate 2008 08 26 format PDF ... When a series crystal is used in a Pierce oscillator, the Pierce oscillator as always drives the crystal ... slightly decreases the frequency generated by a Pierce oscillator, but never enough to reduce ... Pierce a ru sv Pierce oscillator zh ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Tesla s electro mechanical oscillator or earthquake machine is a steam powered mechanical oscillator invented by Nikola Tesla in 1898. ref RECIPROCATING ENGINE, U.S. Patent No. 514,169, February 6, 1894. ref The machine which Tesla tested was small, around seven inches 178 mm long, and weighing one or two pounds something you could put in your overcoat pocket . It was reported that in 1898 Tesla s New York lab was nearly shaken to pieces by this little device, operated by five pounds of air pressure acting against a special pneumatic piston device. Houston Street lab Tesla established a laboratory on Houston Street in New York at 46 E. There, at one point while experimenting with mechanical oscillators, he allegedly generated a resonance of several buildings causing complaints to the police. As the speed grew it is said that the machine oscillated at the resonance frequency of his own building and, belatedly realizing the danger, he was forced to apply a sledge hammer to terminate the experiment, just as the police arrived. ref Prodigal Genius , John J. O Neill, pp. 162 164 ref Principle of operation Tesla s oscillator is purely mechanical. Steam was forced into the oscillator, and exited through a series of ports, the net effect of which was to cause the armature to vibrate at high speed, within its casing. The casing was necessarily very strong, as temperatures due to pressure heating in the upper chamber exceeded 200 degrees, and the pressure reached 400psi. Other versions of the machine were created, designed to produce electrical power, both direct and alternating without the need for rectifiers . Another variation used electromagnets to control the frequency of the piston s oscillation. Attempted replication of earthquake effect The Mythbusters television program made a MythBusters 2006 season Episode 60 .E2.80.93 .22Earthquake Machine.22 small machine based on the same principle , but driven by electricity rather than steam, to test ... more details
In physics , the Toda oscillator is special kind of nonlinear oscillator it is vulgarization of the Toda field theory , which is a continuous limit of Toda s chain , of chain of particles, with exponential potential of interaction between neighbors. ref name toda cite journal author M. Toda title Studies of a non linear lattice journal Physics Reports volume 18 issue 1 pages 1 year 1975 doi 10.1016 0370 1573 75 90018 6 bibcode 1975PhR....18....1T ref These concepts are named after Morikazu Toda . The Toda oscillator is used as simple model to understand the phenomenon of self pulsation , which is quasi periodic pulsation of the output intensity of a solid state laser in the transient regime . Definition The Toda oscillator is a dynamical system of any origin, which can be described with dependent coordinate math x math and independent coordinate math z math , characterized in that the evolution along independent coordinate math z math can be approximated with equation math frac rm d 2 x rm d z 2 D x frac rm d x rm d z Phi x 0, math where math D x u e x v math , math Phi x e x x 1 math and prime denotes the derivative. Physical meaning The independent coordinate math z math has sense of time . Indeed, it may be proportional to time math t math with some relation like math z t t 0 math ... in the analysis of behavior of the Toda oscillator. Energy Rigorously, the oscillation is periodic only at math u v 0 math . Indeed in the realization of the Toda oscillator as a self pulsing ..., function math x x t math is almost periodic. In the case math u v 0 math , the energy of oscillator ... laser as Toda oscillator Approximation through elementary functions journal Journal of Physics A volume ... of the Toda oscillator is shown in Fig. 1. In application, the quantity math E math have ... of such approximation is small compared to the difference between behavior of the idealized Toda oscillator and behavior of the experimental realization of the Toda oscillator as self pulsing laser at the optical ... more details
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