Infobox Chola name ArinjayaChola tamil map caption reign 956 C.E. 957 C.E. title Parakesari capital Thanjavur queen Kalyani br Viman Kundaviyar br Kodai Pirattiyar children Parantaka Chola II Sundara Chola predecessor Gandaraditya heir Parantaka Chola II father Parantaka I year of birth Unknown year of death 957 C.E. Location of Tomb Solesvara Arinjisvara near Melpadi , Vellore Chola history ArinjayaChola succeeded Gandaraditya Chola c. 956 C.E. Arinjaya was the third son of Parantaka I and the younger brother of Gandarditya. Arunjaya seems to have ruled for a very short time. Other names Arinjaya is also referred to by the names Arikulakesari, Arikesari, or Arindama. His name ... late in his life. As a result he must have made Arinjaya heir apparent and paved the way for Arinjaya s heirs to the line of succession to the Chola crown. Death and Succession Arinjaya died c.957 in a place ... There is some confusion regarding whether Arinjaya actually succeeded Gandaraditya. Some historians doubt whether Arinjaya ruled on his own right. There is little epigraphic evidence available to give us any concrete information on Arinjaya s rule. What we know now is partly speculative and partly ... Chola I erected a Shiva Siva temple called Arinjisvara as a tomb shrine in memory of his grandfather Arinjaya who was also known as Arrur tunjina devan . The exact location of this place is unknown. Arinjaya was succeeded by his son Parantaka Chola II Sundara Chola . Two of his wives Viman Kundaviyar and Kodai Pirattiyar seem to have survived him and made gifts to temples in Arinjaya s name ... Reprinted 2002 . Start box Succession box title Chola before Gandaraditya after Sundara Chola years 956 957 AD end box Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Arinjaya ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 957 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Arinjaya Category Chola kings Category 957 deaths ta ... more details
POV date October 2010 Infobox Chola name Uttama Chola tamil map caption reign 970 C.E. 985 ... br Siddhavadavan Suttiyar children Madurantaka predecessor Parantaka Chola II heir Rajaraja Chola I father Gandaraditya year of birth Unknown year of death 985 C.E. Chola history Uttama Chola ascended the Cholas Chola throne c. 970 C.E. succeeding Parantaka Chola II . Uttama was the son ... under which Uttama ascended the Chola throne is surrounded by controversy and mystery ... Uttama must have been a very young child. Due to his immaturity, his rights to the Chola throne were probably set aside and Gandaraditya s younger brother Arinjaya was crowned king. Arinjaya ruled ... Chola II Sundara Chola succeeded him. By the time Maduranthaka was old enough to claim the crown, Sundara Chola had two sons Aditya II Aditya Karikalan the one who took the head of the Vira Pandya and Rajaraja Chola I Arulmozhivarman . c.969 C.E. Aditya II was assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Parantaka Chola II Sundara Chola , heartbroken due to this personal tragedy, appointed Maduranthaka Chola as the heir apparent. Some also believe Some believe that Maduranthaka wanted to be the ruler ... to step aside for Madhuranthaka. Some say that Arulmozhivarman the future Rajaraja Chola I chose to do ... wanted Rajaraja Chola I Arulmozhivarman Aditya II Karikala s brother to be their king, but that noble prince refused to accept the offer saying that so long as his uncle Uttama Chola wanted ... Chola I may have left out the insignificant portions of his father, i.e., Rajaraja Chola I Arulmozhivarman . Nevertheless, we get a good idea of the list of conquests of the Rajendra Chola. Role ... evidence against Uttama Chola, Rajaraja s son Rajendra would not have assumed the coronation name of Madhurathaka ... of administrative records. Chola army and campaigns Not much is known about the military conquests of Uttama. The Chola army seems to have been in continued battles with the Pandyas and their ally ... more details
Kulothunga was the name of several later Chola kings in India Kulothunga Chola I , reigned 1070 1120 Kulothunga Chola II , reigned 1135 1150 Kulothunga Chola III , reigned 1178 1218 hndis ... more details
Chola may be Chola Dynasty , Tamil dynasty which reigned in Southern India until the 13th century AD The Grand Chola , hotel in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Chola, Sikkim , village in India Chola incident which occurred there between the Indian and Chinese armies in 1967 Feminine form of the Spanish slur cholo Puntius chola , fish commonly known as swamp barb People with the name Chola include Alex Chola , Zambian footballer Lawrence Chola Katilunga , Rhodesian labour unionist See also Cholla disambiguation dab ... more details
Multiple issues orphan May 2011 COI March 2011 refimprove March 2011 Sikh Chola is traditional dress worn by Sikhs. It is a Martial Attire which gives freedom of movement to a sikh warrior. ref http www.sikhstuff.com Sikh Chola Images ref ref http sikhism.about.com od glossary g Chhollaa.htm Chola Definition by About.com ref Sikh Chola is Unisex Attire. Sikh Chola may also be decorated with heavy embroidery all over it or on chest. References reflist Category Indian clothing clothing stub ... more details
File Chola Mountain.jpg thumb Chola Mountain 250px Chola Mountain or Trola Mountain Chola Shan Que er Mountain Que er Shan zh s t p Qu r Sh n is a mountain range in western Sichuan Province China . Chola or Trola is Tibetan language Tibetan name, which means the big bird s wing. The highst peak share the same name Tibetan name Rongmai Angzha is 6.168m. References http www.travelsichuanguide.com tour degecholamountain.html travelsichuanguide.com coord 31 46 52 N 99 02 30 E type mountain source kolossus zhwiki display title Category Mountain ranges of China Category Geography of Sichuan Sichuan geo stub zh ... more details
Citations missing date May 2007 Infobox Chola name Adhirajendra Chola tamil map caption title Parakesari ... Virarajendra Chola heir Kulothunga Chola I father Virarajendra Chola year of birth Unknown year of death 1070 C.E. Chola history Athirajendra Chola 1070 C.E. reigned for a very short period of few months as the Chola king succeeding his father Virarajendra Chola . His reign was marked by civil unrest, possibly religious in nature, in which he was killed. The Chalukya Chola prince Rajiga succeeded him as Kulothunga Chola I . Chola and Eastern Chalukya Unity As a result of several intermarriages over a period of time when Rajaraja Chola gave his daughter Kundavai in marriage to Eastern Chalukya Vimaladitya, The Chola clan and the Vengi branch of the Chalukyan dynasty had become very close ... and the Western Chalukyas for generations.They were also good dancers. Virarajendra Chola interfered in the Vengi succession disputes after the Vengi king Rajaraja Narendra, who was closely related to the Chola clan through his mother Kundavai, a daughter of Rajaraja Chola, died in 1061 C.E. The Vengi throne went to Saktivarman II in a palace coup. The Cholas wanted the Chola influence re established ... the Chola attempts at unseating him. Vijayaditya however accepted to serving as a Chola vassal ... going on, the son of Rajaraja Narendra, prince Rajendra Chalukya the future Kulothunga Chola I sought ... the Chola throne. Athirajendra s Death The Chalukya author Bilhana gives a version of the background ... to Chalukya Vikramaditya VI , Virarajendra Chola died. On hearing news of trouble and revolt in the Chola ... the prince Athirajendra on the throne . After spending a month in the Chola capital, Vikramaditya ... also told him that Rajendra Chalukya had captured the Chola throne and assumed the title of Kulothunga Chola I. Vikramaditya immediately marched against Kulothunga. Somesvara II, the Western Chalukya king also joined him. With the death of Athirajendra Chola, the Chola dynasty of Vijayalaya Chola ... more details
Citations missing date May 2007 Chola history Chola literature , written in Tamil language Tamil , is the literature created during the period of Chola reign in South India between the 9th and the 13th centuries CE. The age of the imperial Cholas was the most creative epoch of the history of South India and was the Golden Age of Tamil people Tamil culture. With the revival of Chola power in the middle of the 9th century, the avenues for the literature and art broadened. For the first time in history, an imperial state encompassed the entire South India bringing with it the safety and security to the people and provided the opportunity for the people to experience cultures beyond their own. Tamil ..., secular and political. Religious literature During the imperial Chola period the Prabhanda became ... of Rajaraja Chola I , collected and arranged the books on Saivism into eleven books called Tirumurais . One of these include a short poem by Gandaraditya , who was a Chola king during the early ... Puranam by Sekkizhar Sekkilar , who lived during the reign of Kulothunga Chola II 1133 1150 CE ... of the features of the Chola country. Of the books on the Buddhist and the Jain faiths, the most noteworthy ... grammar, during the reign of Virarajendra Chola . Virasoliyam attempts to find synthesis between Sanskrit ... literature Of the works of a political nature, we find the poetic works on various Chola kings ... Kalinga by Kulothunga Chola I . Jayamkondar was a poet laureate in the Chola court and his work ... contemporary of Kambar, wrote three Ulas on Vikrama Chola , Kulothunga Chola II and Rajaraja Chola II Lost works Chola inscription mention the names of some of the literature which are currently not available ... works on Rajaraja Chola I, Rajararajesvara natakam and Rajararaja Vijayam . The former of this was a play .... There was a book on Kulothunga Chola I called Kulothunga Chola Charitai by Thirunarayana Bhatta ... Category Chola dynasty Literature Other languages ta ... more details
Citations missing date May 2007 Infobox Chola name Vijayalaya Chola tamil map Image vijayalaya territories.png 200px caption Vijayalaya s Territories c. 850 C.E. reign 848 C.E. 871 C.E. title Parakesari capital Thanjavur queen Unknown children Aditya predecessor Unknown heir Aditya I father Unknown year of birth Unknown year of death 871 C.E. Chola history Vijayalaya was the Chola king of South India Thanjavur during c. 848 C.E. and re established the Chola dynastic rule. Dark age of Cholas The ancient Chola kingdom once famous in Tamil literature and in the writings of Periplus Greek merchants and Ptolemy geographers faded in to darkness after c 300 C.E. Cholas during this period almost completely disappeared from their native land. They seem to have held on to their old capital ..., however, that the new Chola dynasties were necessarily related to the ancient Chola dynasties of the early ... himself the ruler of Thanjavur and the surrounding Chola country. Vijayala Chola conquered Thanjavur ... A.D.852 Vijayalaya Chola waged war with the Muttaraiyar king Sattan Paliyilli A.D.826 852 in the neighbouring east, and captured his territory of Thanjavur. While Vijayalaya Chola was a Pallava ... III c. 846 C.E. 869 C.E. . Nandhivarman wished to curtail the growing influence of Chola power under ... into the Chola country. The Pandyan army reached the north bank of the Kaveri near Thanjavur and for a while the Chola revival looked short lived. Vijayalaya, by this time a veteran of many battles ... of the Chola kingdom. Vijayalaya was succeeded after his death c 871 C.E. by his son Aditya I. Inscriptions .... Vijayalaya took the title of Parakesarivarman. Chola kings succeeding him took the titles of Parakesari and Rajakesai in turns. This is probably to acknowledge their Legendary early Chola kings ... box title Chola before Pandya Pallava after Aditya I years 848 871 AD s end Persondata Metadata ... OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Vijayalaya Category Chola kings Category 870s deaths ... more details
Infobox Chola name Vikrama Chola tamil map Image vikrama territories.png 200px caption Chola ... Mukk kil nadigal br Tyagapataka br children Kulothunga Chola II predecessor Kulothunga Chola I heir Kulothunga Chola II father Kulothunga Chola I year of birth Unknown year of death 1135 C.E. Chola history K pparak sarivarman Vikrama Chola was a 12 sup th sup century king of the Chola empire. He succeeded his father Kulothunga Chola I to the throne in 1120 C.E ref name The History and Culture ... life Vikrama Chola was the fourth son of Kulothunga Chola I . He was a younger brother of Vira Chola who was the third son of Kulothunga I. The Tamil language Tamil inscriptions of Vikrama Chola ... Circle, page 4 ref . Accession Vikrama Chola was crowned as the heir apparent by his father early ... Vikrama Chola from Vengi to appoint him as his co regent. He assumed many of the titles of his father ... occupied the Eastern Chalukya provinces in 1118 C.E. When Vikramaditya died in 1126 C.E, Vikrama Chola ..., however it seems likely that the local Telugu chieftains were ready to prefer the Chola overlordship ... his son Kulothunga Chola II at the head of a powerful army on an expedition against Vengi. The Velanati Chodas Velanadu Chodas , Giripaschima and Konakandravada also joined hands with the Chola army. The Chola supremacy over Vengi and consequently to Kalinga was firmly re established with the Western ... Chola also succeeded in his attempts to recover to recover Gangavadi, which was lost the Hoysalas ... part of Gangavadi into the Chola Kingdom. Personal life Vikrama Chola was a great devotee of Shiva Siva ... donations to various temples during his reign. The most characteristic title of Vikrama Chola was Tyagasamudra ... we only know of Kulothunga Chola II who succeeded him on the throne. Notes reflist S start Succession box title Chola before Kulothunga Chola I after Kulothunga Chola II years 1118 1135 AD s end References ... Chola dynasty ... more details
Infobox Chola name Virarajendra Chola tamil map Image virarajendra territories.png 200px caption Chola Territories c. 1069 C.E. title Rajakesari reign 1063 C.E. 1070 C.E. capital Gangaikonda ... Rajendra Chola II heir Athirajendra Chola father Rajendra Chola I year of birth Unknown year of death 1070 C.E. Chola history Virarajendra Chola 1063 1070 C.E. was one of the most under rated Chola Dynasty Chola kings, mainly because a major part of his life was spent in the apprenticeship of his two elder brothers Rajadhirajan Chola I and Rajendra Chola II, who along with Virarajendra Chola himself were the illustrious sons of their Chakravarti father, Rajendra Chola I . While certainly it was not a practice among the Chola kings to nominate the eldest son, but the most capable in administration ... on Indian territory as well as capably leading the Chola naval forces in their conquests of Singala Nadu Sri Lanka Srivijaya, Kadaram, Kataha, Pappalam Burma , Champa etc. which are part of Chola folklore. Surely, as events have proved the successors of Rajadhiraja I himself, who as Chola king had ... Chola kings like Aditya I, Parantaka I, Sundara Cholan, Raja Raja I and finally, the most capable as well as powerful king of South India in his time, Rajendra Chola I. It is the legacy of Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhirajan I and Rajendra II that was very ably and capably carried on by Virarajendra became the Chola Dynasty Chola king succeeding his brother Rajendra Chola II . Rajamahendra, Rajendra ... ruler, who was kind and protective to his subjects, reimposed authority on Chola dominions and was particularly ... Chola territories, but also made overseas concquests in far off lands like Indonesia, Malaysia ... by the next major Chola monarch, Kulothunga I or Rajendra Chalukya, son of Eastern Chalukya King Rajaraja Narendra and thus grandson of Rajendra Chola I through his daughter Ammanga . Early postings While he was still very young he took a brief vacation in Eelam. He was posted as the Chola viceroy ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 Alex Chola 6 June 1956 &ndash 27 April 1993 was a Zambia national football team Zambian international footballer of the 1970s and early 1980s. A talented attacking midfielder, he is regarded along with Godfrey Chitalu as one of the best Zambian footballers of his generation. Because of his talent, he was nicknamed computer as he could read with ease where the ball was coming from, or who he was to pass it next. The late Simon Kaodi Kaushi, who played for Mufulira Blackpool and Zambia, is credited with having discovered the talent of Chola and his young brother Pascal Kunda who later played for Ndola United. Chola was later to leave Blackpool after catching the eye of the Power Dynamos hierarchy in Kitwe. Chola was Zambian footballer of the year in 1976 and together with clubmate Peter Kaumba played for an Ivorian team Africa Sports in the early 80 s before returning to Zambia. He played for Zambia at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. ref cite web publisher Sports Reference.com title Alex Chola Biography and Statistics url http www.sports reference.com olympics athletes ch alex chola 1.html accessdate 2010 02 11 ref Chola also played for the senior side at the 1982 African Cup of Nations finals ref cite web publisher RSSSF author Boesenberg, Eric Stokkermans, Karel and Mazet, Fran ois title African Nations Cup 1982 url http www.rsssf.com tables 82a.html date 2000 02 01 ref and in several FIFA World Cup qualifying matches. ref FIFA player 47712 ref Chola later moved into coaching as assistant to Freddie Mwila at Power Dynamos and was in the technical .... The following year Chola took over as head coach after Mwila s departure and at the end of the season ... Winners Cup so he led a Dynamos team of mostly younf untested players. In late 1992, Chola was appointed ... Persondata . NAME Chola, Alex ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION footballer DATE OF BIRTH 6 June 1956 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 27 April 1993 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Chola, Alex Category 1956 ... more details
Citations missing date May 2007 Chola history The Chola government during the imperial period 850 &ndash ... of government, the history of the Chola empire belongs to a happy age in their history and great ... of Rajaraja Chola and his successors with its numerous palaces, the pomp and circumstance associated with the royal court. Extent of government Image chola map.png left thumb Extent of Chola empire c.1014 CE Between 980 CE, and c. 1150 CE, the Chola Empire comprised the entire south Indian peninsula ... closely connected to the Chola Empire, for all practical purposes, the Chola dominion extended up ... of Parantaka Chola II Sundara Chola and of Rajendra Chola I . The bulk of the conquests occurred during Rajaraja, and in his reign the Chola kingdom ceased to be a small state and the character of the Empire ... their capital during the interregnum before their revival in the ninth century CE. Vijayalaya Chola ... its position as the main city during the reigns of the Chola emperors up to Rajendra Chola I. The presence ... main Gangaikonda Cholapuram Rajendra Chola I established the town of Gangaikonda Cholapuram and made ... by the Pandyas during the dying days of the Chola empire. However the great Shiva Siva temple ... The Chola bureaucracy did not differ much from its contemporaries. However, what distinguished ... . Several Valanadus made up one Mandalam , a province. At the height of the Chola empire ... constant changes throughout the Chola period. An inscription of the eighth century CE at Uttaramerur ... have an example of such reports in an inscription from the reign of Uththama Chola which gives us ... An extensive resurvey was done around 1089 CE by the Chola king Kulottunga, recording the extents ..., including the communal pastures. Revenue officials were responsible for the tax collection. The Chola ... imposts. Justice Justice was mostly a local matter in the Chola Empire, where minor disputes were ... with a fine. In one instance a man had stabbed an army commander. Rajendra Chola II ordered ... more details
Citations missing date May 2007 Chola history The Chola military was a well organised and effective fighting force during medieval times. The imperial Cholas of the Vijayalaya Chola Vijayalaya dynasty ... thumb left A typical Indian War elephant from the movie Alexander film Alexander . Chola inscriptions mention numerous regiments by specific names. Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I than ... 1225, gives the following account of the Chola army This Chola country is at war with the kingdom .... The Chola king Rajadhiraja Chola I died on an elephant fighting the Chalukya army at Koppam ... one. br In Addition to the Divisions , there were other attached units in the Chola Army. Those ... organisation inside the Army is What revolutionised the Chola Army resulting in victories ... 1458 59 by Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy 1986, ref br The regiments of the Chola Army had ..., A Chola Senai is the largest Organisational unit. At various times in its existence the army ... Uttama Chola terinda Andalagattalar Perundanattu Anaiyatkal Elephant corps. Pandita Chola Terinda villigal Archers Nigarili Chola terinda Udanilai Kudiraichchevagar Cavalry Mummadi Chola terinda Anaippagar Elephant corps Vira Chola Anukkar Parantaka Kongavalar Light Infantry Mummadi Chola terinda ... Sirudanattu Valangai Velaikkarappadaigal Aragiya Chola terinda Valangai Velaikkarar Aridurgalanghana ... and against the Chola empire. They were later silenced and decommissioned when they refused and rebelled ..., which the Chola king bore towards his army. It may not be unreasonable to suppose that these royal ... chola Brahmarajan, Rajarajakesari Muvendavelar, Jayamkondachola Villuparaiyar, Uttamachola ... chola pallavaraiyar, Viranarayanan Muvendavelan. ref name The Travancore state manual, Volume 1 ... in the Pandya country, Kulothunga Chola I stationed his army in a number of military colonies ... more details
Chola history The period of the imperial Cholas c. 850 CE 1250 CE was an age of continuous improvement ... to greater heights. ref name tri479 Tripathi, p 479 ref The Chola kings built numerous temples throughout ... the early phase starting with Vijayalaya Chola , the middle phase of Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola when the achievements scaled heights never reached before or since and the final phase during the Chalukya Chola period of Kulottunga Chola I and after. The Cholas also built many buildings such as public ... accounts. The golden palace Aditya Karikala built for his father Parantaka Chola II Sundara Chola is an example for such a building. However, such buildings were of perishable materials such as timber and fired bricks and have not survived the ravages of time. Early Chola Period Pallavas ... Chola building. The style of this structure clearly shows Pallava influences in the design. It has ... of Chola architecture. The first floor is made of bricks which have been plastered.Nilakanta Sastri ... Chola II during the second half of the tenth century. As the name suggests, the temple complex has three ... concordance with the later Chola temples. ref Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India , p420 ref ... Chola and his son Rajendra Chola I . ref Vasudevan, pp21 24 ref A number of smaller shrines were built ... The maturity and grandeur to which the Chola architecture had evolved found expression in the two ... of Gangaikondacholapuram was founded by Rajendra Chola to commemorate his victorious march to the Ganges ..., p291 ref The temple of Gangaikonda Cholapuram , the creation of Rajendra Chola, was evidently meant ... state of the Chola Empire under Rajendra. ref name tri479 ref name sastri423 ref name sastri5 Nilakanta ... The Chola style continued to flourish for a century longer and expressed itself in a very large number .... The Airavateswara temple at Darasuram near Thanjavur built during the reign of Rajaraja Chola II ... which has survived in good repair as built by Kulothunga Chola III . ref name sastri424 ref ... more details
Infobox military unit 300px unit name Chola Navy image Image Battle of kedah.jpg caption Depiction of the siege of Kedah , the battle between Beemasenan s Chola naval infantry and the defenders of Kedah fort. start date 3rd century CE country Chola Dynasty Chola Empire allegiance Chola Dynasty branch Naval type Navy Naval Force size 600 1000 Ships in the peak period. command structure Chola military ... symbol label identification symbol 2 identification symbol 2 label The Chola Navy Tamil C a k ka arpa ai comprised the naval forces of the Chola Dynasty Chola Empire along with several other Naval arms of the country. The Chola navy played a vital role in the expansion of the Chola ... Cholas reign. The Chola Admirals commanded much respect and prestige in the society. The navy commanders .... An Arab proverb This proverb could be still true if not for the periods of Chola Dynasty Chola Empire ... the Chola Reign into three distinct phases. The first era is the period of Early Cholas .The second phase is of Vijalaya Cholas and the final phase in the empire was the Chalukya Chola period. The Cholas ... of South India , p 5 ref Under Rajaraja Chola I and his son Rajendra Chola I , the dynasty became a military ... name keay215 Keay, p 215 ref During the period 1010&ndash 1200, the Chola territories stretched from ... Pradesh . ref name majumdar407 Majumdar, p 407 ref Rajaraja Chola conquered peninsular South India ... Chola sent a victorious expedition to North India that touched the river Ganges and defeated the Pala ... 900ad.jpg thumb left Chola Empire and its neighbors in 900 AD. The earliest Chola kings of whom there is tangible ... Navy The earliest record of Chola Naval activity by an external source is dated around 1st century ... thumb 300px The model of a Chola Era Ship s hull, built by the ASI , based on a wreck 19 miles off the coast of Poombuhar, displayed in a Museum in Tirunelveli Interregnum Main Chola dynasty ..., even during this time the Chola Dynasty Cholas had maintained a small but potent Naval force ... more details
Use British English date November 2011 Use dmy dates date November 2011 Infobox Chola name Rajadhiraja Chola tamil map Image rajadhiraja territories.png 200px caption Chola territories ... many sons predecessor Rajendra Chola I heir Rajendra Chola II father Rajendra Chola I year of birth Unknown year of death 1054 C.E. Chola history K pparak sarivarman R j dhiraja Ch la I lang ta was one of the greatest emperors of the Chola empire succeeding his father in the 11th ... the Chola authority over most of Sri Lanka Lanka , Vengi , Kalinga , etc. and the relations with overseas domains despite a series of revolts in the territory. Rajadhiraja Chola s record shows that he ..., Rajaraja Chola I also assumed the title Jayangonda Chola towards the end of his reign ref name ... his title from Rajakesari to Parakesari.. ref . Long Apprenticeship Rajadhiraja Chola was made ... subjects against the reign of the Chola invaders. Mahinda was captured and transported to the Chola ... against the Chola occupiers and the revolts were centred around Kassapa. ref name sastri165 ... Chola army for over six months and push them northwards from the Rohana area in southern Sri Lanka ... their presence in the island. The Chola kings particularly from the time of Rajendra Chola I ... is available in scores of Tamil records . The Chola provinces in Lanka were a separate administrative ... and to restore Chola influence with the Eastern Chalukyas in Vengi , personally led an expedition ... country by the Chola army in which they captured several generals and feudatories of Chalukya, demolished the Chalukya palace at Kampali. The victorious Chola forces crossed the Krishna river and erected ... to his Chola overlords and usurped the Chalukya throne from the Chola viceroy in Kalyani modern Basavakalyan ... Vimaladitya and Raja Raja Narendra who were related to the Chola Kings. While Somesvara I did destabilise Vengi by temporarily displacing Rajaraja Narendra, this act also initially disturbed Chola ... more details
Infobox Indian jurisdiction type region native name Chola Nadu other name Cauvery Delta, Cholamandalam nickname Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu iucn category for protected areas only state name Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry metro skyline Cholanadu.gif locator position right base map label yes inset map marker yes map caption The country with number two is Chola Nadu area total area magnitude area rank largest ... 300px The middle and southern portion of Chola Nadu Chola Nadu lang ta is a list of regions ... River and its delta, and formed the cultural homeland and political base of the Chola Dynasty which ... AD. Uraiyur served as the early Chola capital, then medieval Cholas shifted to Thanjavur and later cholas king Rajendra Chola I moved the capital to Gangaikonda Cholapuram in the 11th century ... The history of the region begins with the rise of the Early Cholas Early Chola kingdom in the 4th ... excavated at Poompuhar stand testimony to a prosperous civilization. Culture The Chola Nadu region ... hailed from the Chola Nadu region as also the music composers Muthu Thandavar , Arunachala Kavi and Marimutthu ... of Chola Nadu by ritual temple dances or devadasis . Patronized and financed by dharmakarthas ... The Chola Nadu region had a population of over 10 million with a density of above 400 persons ... Personalities The Chola Nadu region has produced a umber of noteworthy personalties in the fields ... of politics. In British times, civil servants and lawyers from Chola Nadu like Sir T. Madhava ... were some prominent individuals from the Chola Nadu region. Yesteryear film actors Sivaji Ganesan ... Notes reflist 2 References cite web title History of the Chola Empire or Chola mandalam url http www.cosmopolis.ch english cosmo40 chola mandalam empire.htm publisher Louis Gerber cite book title ... Divya desams in Chola Nadu author M. S. Ramesh publisher Thirumala Thirupathi Devasthanams year 2000 Chola Nadu coord missing Tamil Nadu Category Regions of Tamil Nadu ta ... more details
Chola history Rajaditya Chola was a 10 sup th sup century monarch of the Chola empire. He was one of the sons of Parantaka I Parantaka Chola I . ref name American journal of archaeology, Volume 7, page 112 American journal of archaeology, Volume 7, page 112 ref Death The Rashtrakutas under Krishna III mounted multiple invasions into the Chola territories between 940 and 950 A.D. In order to ward of the attacks, Rajaditya stationed himself at Takk lam along with his troops during the latter part of his reign. ref name Antiquities of India an account of the history and culture of ancient Hindustan, page 69 Antiquities of India an account of the history and culture of ancient Hindustan, page 69 Rashtrakuta Krishna III..was worsted at Takkolam by Rajaditya Chola ref Takk lam is a town in Walajapet taluk of the North Arcot district, Tamil Nadu . It is six miles S.E of Arakonam junction. ref name History of ancient India, page 461 History of ancient India, page 461 ref ref name Epigraphia Indica and record of the Arch ological Survey of India, Volume 6, page 53 Epigraphia Indica and record of the Arch ological Survey of India, Volume 6, page 53 ref In 949 950 A.D., Krishna III would once again mount an attack and Rajaditya would meet him at Takk lam. Krishna III was aided by his Western Ganga feudatory Butuga II in this battle. The Atagur inscriptions of Krishna III and Butuga II reveal the details of how Rajaditya was treacherously murdered. Atakur or Atagur is a village about 15 miles N.E by E from Mandya , the head quarters of the Mandya taluk in Mysore district. ref name Epigraphia Indica and record of the Arch ological Survey of India, Volume 6, page 52 Epigraphia Indica and record of the Arch ological Survey of India, Volume 6, page 52 ref The Canarese inscription is in two ... to Irumudi Chola twice powerful , N rmadi Chola one hundred times more powerful . The subsidiary engraved ... of the Arch ological Survey of India, Volume 6 By Archaeological Survey of India Category Chola ... more details
About the kingdom of Chola in Indian epic literature the historical kingdom Chola dynasty Merge Chola Dynasty date July 2009 Chola was a powerful southern kingdom. They were mentioned in both great epics Ramayana and Mahabharata . They were believed to have some link with the Sivi Kingdom Sivi or Sibi clan, situated along with the Sindhu Kingdom Sindhu Sauvira Kingdom Sauviras . In the time of recorded history, Chola kingdom grew into a powerful empire. They were strong in the sea, and colonized the south east Asian countries. Pandya Kingdom Pandyas , Cholas and Kerala Kingdom Keralas were also mentioned in Tamil language Tamil literature complementing their mention in the Sanskrit literature constituted by Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas and Vedas . References in Ramayana Kishkindha RAMAYANA BOOK VII, KISHKINDHA When Sugriva sends his monkey warriors to search Sita in the south side, he mentions Chera, Chola and Pandya kingdoms. ref The Ramayana, The Great Hindu Epic Translated by R C Dutt, RAMAYANA BOOK VII KISHKINDHA Part VI THE QUEST FOR SITA ref ref http www.valmikiramayan.net kishkindha sarga41 kishkindha 41 frame.htm ref tathaa vangaan kalingaam ca kaushikaan ca sama.ntataH anviikSya ... Godavari that courses through Dandaka forest, and then the provinces of Andhra, Pundra, Chola, Paandya, Kerala are to be searched thoroughly. 4 41 11, 12 Translation Chola is the present Tamil Nadu, especially northern area, and Pundra is roughly in between Andhra and Chola. Pundra or Pundro is located ... Sacrifice Mahabharata, Book 2, Chapter 51 The Kings of Chola and Pandya Kingdom Pandya , brought ... arms, tall statures, and large eyes. Some chola grants and literature in Tamil and Sanskrit of medieval cholas confirm that the chola king called vasu participated in mahabharata war to help king ... Chola Tamil language Tamil References Reflist Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated ... India Category Kingdoms in the Mahabharata id Kerajaan Chola ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Chola incident partof casus Indian People s Liberation Army invade into Indian territory in Sikkim ref name BR image Image India Sikkim locator map.svg 250px caption The 1967 Sino Indian skirmish occurred between the two Asia n giants, China and India. date 1 October &mdash 2 October 1967 place Chola, Sikkim territory result PLA invasion repelled by Indian military. Bilateral ceasefire. combatant1 Image Flag of the People s Republic of China.svg 22px People s Republic of China China combatant2 Image Flag of India.svg 22px India commander1 Image Flag of the People s Republic of China.svg 22px Unknown commander2 Image Flag of India.svg 22px K.B. Joshi strength1 strength2 casualties1 12 killed br 9 wounded ref http www.bharat rakshak.com LAND FORCES History 1962 71 270 Chola Incident.html ref casualties2 4 killed ref http www.indianarmy.nic.in martyrs home.jsp?status &service &operation 25&state &hidrecord 100&subform Search&subform Search ref notes The 1967 Sino Indian skirmish also known as the Chola incident , was a day long military conflict between India n troops and members of the China Chinese People s Liberation Army in Sikkim , who had infiltrated the area. The end of the battle saw the retreat of the People s Liberation Army from Sikkim. Location The skirmish occurred in Sikkim , which later became a state of India in 1975. India was responsible for the defense of Sikkim which was a protectorate at that time. The region is one of high altitudes and thus mountainous maneuvers were crucial in battle. Early Chinese positions in regions of higher altitudes would thus have provided them with an advantage. To reclaim high ground would generally require a higher ratio of attackers to defenders. Background main Sino Indian relations McMahon ... missing Sikkim DEFAULTSORT Chola Incident Category Conflicts in 1967 Category Wars involving the People ... Chola ru 1967 ... more details
Hinduism small Kochengat Chola Nayanar is a chola king. He was one of the 63 nayanars of saivism . He was born in the Shatabhisha nakshatra of the tamil month Masi M ci . Mythology In Chandra Tirtha, a village in the Chola kingdom there was a thick grove. In that grove under a Jambu tree there was a Shiva Lingam . A white elephant used to come there daily and do puja for the Lingam. A spider which was also devoted to the lord, noticed some dry leaves falling on the shiva lingam. In order to prevent this, the spider wove a web above the Lingam. The next day when the elephant came to worship, he found the web, and thought that someone had polluted the place. So the elephant tore the web, offered his worship and went away. The spider came upon the scene and felt sorry that his web had been destroyed. So he woven another web and went away. The next day, as the elephant was pulling the web away, the spider which was already present there, gave him a sting. The elephant died on the spot due to the poison. The spider too, was caught in the elephant s trunk, and perished. Due to the almighties grace, the spider was born as the son of Suba Devan, the Chola king. History Suba Devan and his dutiful wife Kamalavati went to Chidambaram and eagerly prayed to the Lord Nataraja a form of Shiva for a son. The Lord granted their wish. Soon the queen conceived and the day of delivery arrived. Astrologers foretold that if the child could be delivered a few minutes later, it would rule the three worlds. Hearing this the queen asked that she should be tied to the roof of the room upside down, with a tight bandage around her waist. When the auspicious time came, she was released and the child was born. This was the spider reborn, The child had red eyes as he had remained in his mother s womb a little longer. The mother, looking into the babies red eyes and said Kochengkannano. in Tamil ko king ... he built a beautiful temple and installed the Siva Lingam under the same Jambu tree. In Chola ... more details
Infobox Chola name Karikala Chola tamil map Image karikala territories.png 200px caption Karikala s Territories c.270 B.C. reign c. 270 BCE title Peruvalattan br Tirumavalavan capital Puhar Kaveripatnam br Urayur queen Unknown Velir princess children Nalankilli br Nedunkilli br Mavalattan predecessor Ilamcetcenni heir Unknown father Ilamcetcenni year of birth Unknown year of death Unknown Chola history Karikala Chola or Karikala Chozhan lang ta was one of the great Tamil People Tamil kings of Early Cholas Early Chola during the Sangam period Sangam period. He was the son of Ilamcetcenni and ruled around 270 BC. He was also known by the epithet s Karikala Peruvalathaan and Thirumavalavan . Sources The story of Karikala is mixed with legend and anecdotal information gleaned from Sangam literature . Karikala has left us no authentic records of his reign. The only sources available to us are the numerous mentions in Sangam poetry. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of certainty. Pattinappaalai , Porunaraatruppadai and a number of individual poems in Akananuru ... and there was political turmoil in the country. Karikala was exiled. When normality returned, the Chola ... to Poruna raatr uppadai , Karikala Chola fought a great battle at Venni near Thanjavur in which both ... of Kaveri Later Chola kings referred to Karikala Chola as a great ancestor, and attributed him with the building ... by Parakesari Karikala Chola ref ref name Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Volume 39 ... by the Chola king ref name kallanai googlebook cite book last Singh first Vijay P. coauthors Ram ... the Tamil Nadu government honour the great Chola king Karikalan , who built the Kallanai. ref ... Sangam Literature Legendary early Chola kings Tamil history from Sangam literature Category Chola kings Category 2nd century monarchs in Asia de Karikala fr Karikala Chola sv Chola I ta ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 Ernesto Pimentel also known by his stage name La Chola Chabuca is the most famous drag queen in Peru. ref cite book title Las nuevas reglas de juego transformaciones sociales, culturales y pol ticas en Lima last Grompone first Romeo pages 128 129 year 1999 publisher Instituto de Estudios Peruanos isbn 9789972510359 ref She currently hosts a show on Am rica Television. ref cite news title Pimentel firm por Am rica url http www.larepublica.pe archive all fama 20071002 1 node 37227 todos 1547 work La Rep blica date 2 October 2007 accessdate 7 May 2011 ref References reflist Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category Drag queens Category LGBT people from Peru ... more details
Kundavai predecessor Arinjaya heir Uttama Chola father Arinjaya year of birth Unknown year of death 973 C.E. Chola history Parantaka Chola II 957 c.e. 973 c.e. ruled for approximately twelve years. Parantaka II was also known by the name Madhurantakan Sundara Chola. ref name Early Chola temples Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907 985 Early Chola temples Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907 985 ref ... District, Salem District, page 41 ref He was the son of ArinjayaChola. His mother s name was Kalyani, a princes from the clan of Vaidumbas. Parantaka II ascended the Chola throne despite the fact that Uttama Chola , the son of Gandaraditya , the elder brother of Arinjaya was alive and he had equal if not more claim to the Chola throne. When Parantaka II became king, the Chola kingdom ...Infobox Chola name Sundara Chola Parantaka II tamil map Image sundara territories.png 200px caption Chola Territories c. 970 C.E. title Rajakesari reign ?957 C.E. ?970 C.E. capital Thanjavur ... and had defeated the Chola armies and occupied their ancestral lands. During Parantaka II s reign, foundations were laid to the Chola Empire that in its height stretched from the island of Sri Lanka ... War Immediately after becoming the Chola king, Parantaka II s attention was directed towards the growing ... to restore Chola supremacy in the Pandya country, was ruling as an independent potentate. The invading Chola army met the Pandyas at Chevur. The Leyden Tamil Copper plate inscriptions copperplate inscriptions .... The especially wicked nature of this coalition is noted by chola panegyrists to be wicked force of age ... sundara chola also seized the royal insignia of pandyans like fish emblem, thrown, gem studded crown and ancient pearl necklace. Although the Chola armies won the battle, the war was still not won. Parantaka II did not succeed in re establishing the Chola power over the Pandya lands. Success ... apparent Aditya II at the command, the Chola armies succeeded in brutally avenging a previous ... more details
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