About the chemical element pp move indef good article Infobox argonArgon IPAc en icon r n respell AR gon is a chemical element represented by the symbol Ar . Argon has atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table noble gas es . Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth s atmosphere , at 0.93 , making it more common than carbon dioxide . Nearly all of this argon is radiogenic argon 40 derived from the decay of potassium 40 in the Earth s crust. In the universe, argon 36 is by far the most common argon isotope, being the preferred argon isotope produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernova supernovas . The name argon is derived from the Greek language ... shell makes argon stable and resistant to bonding with other elements. Its triple point temperature ... . Argon is produced industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air . Argon is mostly used ... non reactive substances become reactive for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. Argon gas also has uses in incandescent and fluorescent lighting, and other types of gas discharge tubes. Argon makes a distinctive Ion laser Argon laser blue green gas laser . Characteristics File Argon ice 1.jpg upright thumb left A small piece of rapidly melting argon ice. Argon has approximately the same solubility in water as oxygen gas and is 2.5 times more soluble in water than nitrogen gas. Argon is colorless, odorless, and nontoxic as a solid, liquid, and gas. Argon is inert under most conditions and forms no confirmed stable compounds at room temperature. Although argon is a noble gas , it has been found to have the capability of forming some compounds. For example, the creation of argon fluorohydride HArF , a marginally stable compound of argon with fluorine and hydrogen , was reported by researchers at the University of Helsinki ... HArF Argon s not so noble after all researchers make argon fluorohydride url http findarticles.com ... more details
Argon is a chemical element with the atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table. Argon may also refer to Computing and technology Argon, the codename of the first AMD Athlon core Augmented reality Free software Argon , the Augmented Reality browser from Georgia Tech Literature Argon Middle earth , a Noldorin prince ArgonFederation , a race in the X Universe The Eye of Argon , a fantasy novella History Arghun Argon , c. 1258 1291 was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire s Ilkhanate Other uses Argon 1908 automobile , a defunct British automobile Argon, a codename used for the KH 5 Argon reconnaissance satellite disambig ar de Argon Begriffskl rung es Argon nl Argon doorverwijspagina sl Argon razlo itev ... more details
saved book title Argon subtitle An overview cover image Argon glow.jpg cover color black text color white Argon An overview Overview Argon Isotopes Isotopes of argon Compounds Argon fluorohydride Miscellany Argon flash Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Argon Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
Argonargon or sup 40 sup Ar sup 39 sup Ar dating is a radiometric dating method invented to supersede Potassium argon dating potassium argon K Ar dating in accuracy. The older method required two samples for dating while the newer method requires only one. This newer method converts a stable form of potassium sup 39 sup Potassium K into sup 39 sup Argon Ar while irradiated with neutrons in a nuclear reactor . The Radioactive decay decay ratio of sup 40 sup Potassium K to sup 40 sup Argon Ar means daughter Ar atoms is used to compute a radiometric date for a Geology geological event, particularly the eruption and cooling of igneous rock and minerals. Method The sample is generally crushed and single crystals of a mineral hand selected for analysis. These are then irradiated to produce sup 39 sup Ar from sup 39 sup K. The sample is then degassed in a high vacuum mass spectrometer via a laser or resistance furnace. Dating relies on the conversion of K to Ar, and accurate measurement of this conversion. The sample is heated in increments step heating which releases argon from different reservoirs within the crystal grain. Each step produces argon with a certain sup 40 sup Ar sup 39 sup ... used to date the primary standard is the Potassium argon dating conventional K Ar technique . ref http geoinfo.nmt.edu labs argon methods home.html New Mexico Bureau of Geology ref Interfering ... in K Ar dating to be checked. Argonargon dating has the advantage of not requiring determinations .... Recalibration One problem with argonargon dating has been a slight discrepancy with other ... argonargon method can reliably date rocks as young as 2,000 years The New Mexico Geochronology Research Laboratory http www.ees.nmt.edu Geol labs Argon Lab NMGRL homepage.html Berkeley Geochronology Center http bgc.org facilities argon lab.html Argon Isotope Facility http www.gla.ac.uk departments ... Council DEFAULTSORT ArgonArgon Dating Category Radiometric dating sv Argon argondatering ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 399530625 Name Argon fluorohydride ImageFile Argon fluorohydride 3D vdW.png ImageSize 150px ImageName Argon fluorohydride Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 15863741 InChI 1 ArFH c1 2 h1H InChIKey HEPJAPHKUAGBIG UHFFFAOYAL SMILES F ArH StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S ArFH c1 2 h1H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HEPJAPHKUAGBIG UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 163731 16 6 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula HArF MolarMass 59.954 g mol Appearance Unknown Density Unknown Solubility Unknown MeltingPt 256 C Decomposes Argon fluorohydride HArF is the first known compound of the chemical element argon . Discovery The discovery of this first argon compound is credited to a group of Finnish scientists, led by Markku R s nen. On 24 August 2000, in the journal Nature journal Nature , they announced their discovery of argon fluorohydride. ref cite journal last Khriachtchev first Leonid coauthors Mika Pettersson, Nino Runeberg, Jan Lundell & Markku R s nen date 24 August 2000 title A stable argon compound journal Nature volume 406 pages 874 876 doi 10.1038 35022551 url http www.nature.com nature journal v406 n6798 abs 406874a0.html pmid 10972285 issue 6798 ref Synthesis This chemical was synthesized by mixing argon and hydrogen fluoride on a caesium iodide surface at 265 C, and exposing the mixture to ultraviolet radiation. This caused the gases to combine. The infrared ... bonds, albeit very weak ones thus, it is argon hydrofluoride. Its chemical bonds are only stable if the substance is kept at temperatures below 256 C upon warming, it decomposes into argon ... Oxford isbn 0 19 850341 5 Category Fluorides Category Argon compounds Category Hydrogen compounds de Argonfluorohydrid el fr Fluorohydrure d argon ko it Idrofluoruro di argon ja pl Fluorowodorek argonu pt Fluoridreto de arg nio ru ... more details
Out of date article date June 2011 Infobox company company name Argon ST company logo Image Argonst Logo.png 200px center company type Public company Public nasdaq2 STST company slogan Making Sense of it All foundation 1968 in 2004 , company took on current name location HQ in Fairfax, Virginia other locations in Newington, Virginia , Pennsylvania , Florida , California , and Michigan key people Terry L. Collins Chairman, President, and CEO num employees 750 industry Defense military Defense revenue 782 million United States dollar USD 2007 products Systems for sigint signal intercept and identification ... www.argonst.com Argon ST nasdaq2 STST is a systems engineering and development company headquartered ..., and reconnaissance solutions to a wide range of customers. Argon ST s efforts include developing ... networks and navigation systems. Argon ST systems support a full range of military and strategic units ... , homeland security , and international customer needs. Argon ST announced on June 30, 2010 that it will be acquired ... Boeing1 cite news title Argon ST Announces Agreement to be Acquired by The Boeing Company publisher Argon ST Investor Relations year 2010 url http phx.corporate ir.net phoenix.zhtml?c 119444&p irol newsArticle&ID ..., 2010. ref name Boeing2 cite news title Boeing Successfully Completes Acquisition of Argon ST publisher ... 2010 08 05 ref Argon ST was created with the merger of SenSyTech, Inc. and Argon Engineering Associates on September 29, 2004. In August 2006, Argon ST acquired Innovative Research, Ideas & Services ... July 3, 2006, Argon ST completed the acquisition of San Diego Research Center Incorporated ... military systems. On October 1, 2005, Argon ST acquired http www.radixtek.com Radix Technologies ... and navigation, complementing Argon ST s core advanced signal intercept and processing ... and development heritage. Footnotes reflist DEFAULTSORT Argon St Category Companies based in Fairfax, Virginia de Argon ST ... more details
Taxobox name Argon skipper image image width image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Hesperiidae subfamilia Hesperiinae tribus Calpodini genus Argon genus authority subdivision ranks Species subdivision Argon is a genus of skipper butterfly skippers in the family Hesperiidae . References http www.nhm.ac.uk jdsml research curation projects butmoth GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL &FAMILYqtype starts with&FAMILY hesperiidae&SUBFAMILYqtype starts with&SUBFAMILY &TRIBEqtype starts with&TRIBE &SUBTRIBEqtype starts with&SUBTRIBE &GENUSqtype starts with&GENUS &AUTHORqtype starts with&AUTHOR &YEARqtype equals&YEAR &sort GENUS Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Category Hesperiinae Hesperiinae stub italictitle vi Argon skipper ... more details
for the isotope Isotopes of argon orphan date April 2010 Refimprove date November 2009 Infobox company company name Argon 18 Inc. company logo File Argon 18 logo3.jpg thumb right 250px company type Private company Private company slogan foundation 1989 location Montreal , Quebec br Canada key people industry Bicycles products Bicycle and Related Components revenue undisclosed num employees undisclosed homepage http www.argon18bike.com www.argon18bike.com Argon 18 is a Canada Canadian cycle manufacturer started in 1989 by Gervais Rioux in Montreal , Quebec . The name is derived from the element, which is number 18 on the periodic table of elements it s also one of six natural noble gas es. The company s bikes use names derived from other elements. Designed by ex Olympian Gervais Rioux using carbon fiber or aluminum frames, they are distributed in 31 countries. Argon 18 is sponsoring the new Canadian pro cycling team, SpiderTech beginning with the 2010 season on the UCI Continental America Tour. ref http www.bikeradar.com news article canadian teams step up 24947 Canadian teams step up . Bike Radar. February 9, 2010. Accessed February 16, 2010. ref Cycle technology File Argon 18 stand.jpg thumb Oneness Concept ONEness concept is used on the front end of the e 114, a completely integrated aero and stemless fork aerobar combination that is designed to be aerodynamic and ergonomic. The design extends to the frame, fork, headset, bullhorn and aero bars, brakes and levers as well as a reversible ... Narno Tech is Argon 18s own carbon fibre,they use several different variants of this carbon,high modulus ... main.cfm?l en&p 01 100 ref gallery File Argon 18 e 114 07.jpg Argon 18 e 114 File Argon 18 mercury 2.jpg Argon 18 Mercury File Argon 18 mercury 09.jpg Argon 18 Mercury File Argon 18 gallium2.jpg Argon 18 Gallium gallery References reflist External links http www.argon18bike.com Argon 18 official site http www.bikerumor.com 2008 10 10 interbike 2008 argon 18 bicycles http www.roadbikereview.com ... more details
Football club infobox clubname Argon image file SV Argon.png 120px fullname Sport Vereniging Argon nickname founded 1971 ground Sportpark Argon br Mijdrecht , De Ronde Venen capacity 3,500 chairman manager league Hoofdklasse season 2009 10 position Hoofdklasse pattern la1 pattern b1 pattern ra1 leftarm1 0000FF body1 0000FF rightarm1 0000FF shorts1 FFFFFF socks1 0000FF pattern la2 pattern b2 pattern ra2 leftarm2 FF0000 body2 FF0000 rightarm2 FF0000 shorts2 FF0000 socks2 FF0000 Sport Vereniging Argon , is a Association football football club from Mijdrecht , De Ronde Venen , the Netherlands. The club was founded in 1971 and will play in the inaugural season of the newly formed Dutch third tier Topklasse in November 2010. Current squad 2010 2011 season br Fs start Fs player no nat Netherlands name Sven Hilgeman pos GK Fs player no nat Netherlands name Kevin Rijnvis pos GK Fs player no nat Netherlands name Maxime Singels pos GK Fs player no nat Indonesia name Irfan Bachdim pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Brayton Biekman pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Kevin van Essen pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Jordi van Gelderen pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Dion Gerritsen pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Rory van Gulik pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Anton den Haan pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Jasper de Haer pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Samir Jebbar pos Fs mid Fs player no nat Netherlands name Michael Kentrop pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Lorenzo Lassooij pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Patrick Lokken pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Erik Mulder pos Fs player no nat Netherlands name Abdelaziz Ouaouirst pos Fs player ... Topklasse Hoofdklasse DEFAULTSORT Argon Category Dutch football clubs Category Association football clubs established in 1971 Category Sport in Utrecht province it Sport Vereniging Argon nl SV Argon pt SV Argon ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Argon flash , also known as argon bomb , argon flash bomb , argon candle , and argon light source , is a single use source of very short and extremely bright flashes of light. The light is generated by a shock wave in argon or, less commonly, other noble gas . The shock wave is usually produced by an explosion . Argon flash devices are almost exclusively used for photographing explosions and shock waves. Although krypton and xenon can be also used argon is favorable because of its low cost. ref name intdet The light generated by an explosion is produced primarily by compression heating of the surrounding air. Replacement of the air with a noble gas considerably increases the light output with molecular gases, the energy is consumed partially by dissociation chemistry dissociation and other processes, while noble gases are monoatomic and can only undergo ionization the ionized gas then produces the light. The low specific heat capacity of noble gases allows heating ... gases for the same reason. Typical argon flash devices consist of an argon filled cardboard or plastic .... The device consists of a vessel filled with argon and a solid explosive charge. The explosion generates ... waves in argon , William C. Davis, Terry R. Salyer, Scott I. Jackson, and Tariq D. Aslam, Los Alamos ... that each centimeter of the path of shock wave through the argon medium is equivalent to 2 microseconds ... Lalit C. Chhabildas, Lee Davison, Yasuyuki Horie ref Argon flash is a standard procedure for high ... argon flash.html title Argon flash Arno Hahma publisher Yarchive.net date 1999 01 29 accessdate ... and shock waves is made easy by the fact that the detonation of the argon flash lamp charge can ... into account. Super Radiant Light SRL sources are an alternative to argon flash. An electron .... ref name r1 See also Wikipedia Books Argon References reflist 2 Category Lamps Category Explosives Category Flash photography Category Argon Category Photographic lighting ... more details
Infobox webcomic Part of Wikipedia WikiProject Webcomics title Argon Zark image caption author Charley Parker url http www.zark.com status Irregularly began June 1995 ended genre ratings Argon Zark is a webcomic , created by cartoonist and web site designer Charley Parker. It is arguably the first true Web comic, i.e. the first continuing comic story created specifically to be distributed on the World Wide Web. The strip first appeared in June 1995. The strip was last updated in September 2008. Synopsis Argon Zark is about a hacker who has created a new Internet protocol, PTP, or Personal Transport Protocol , which enables the physical transport of people or objects through the Internet. On his first test of the new protocol, he is joined by his Personal Digital Assistant i.e. robot companion , Cybert, and a delivery girl named Zeta Fairlight who is accidentally caught in the action that sweeps Argon and Cybert into the computer and the Web. The stories are a combination of science fiction ..., and AOL. Notable features Argon Zark was created specifically for display on a computer screen .... Argon Zark is not the first comic created on a computer the first digital comic was Shatter ... few issues of Shatter were drawn with a mouse on a first generation Apple Macintosh Mac . Argon Zark .... Argon Zark was one of the first comics to adapt to Internet technology as it changed, adding gif animated ... is continuing. Argon Zark received a good deal of press in the years before online comics became ..., Charley 1997 . Argon Zark , Arclight Publishing Iuppa, Nicholas V. 1998 . Designing Digital Media ... Wire Services Carrington, Penelope M. June 6, 1997 . Argon s World , Richmond Times Dispatch , pp. E1 ... http www.zark.com Argon Zark http web.archive.org web 19970802001558 http www.arlington.net 80 news doc 1047 1 COMP47 1 COMP47061197.html The adventures of Argon Zark, young cyber hero for the digital ... Ridder wire service http www.dinosaurcartoons.com Dinosaur Cartoons by Argon Zark creator Charley ... more details
Argon Ar has 24 known isotopes , from sup 30 sup Ar to sup 53 sup Ar and 1 nuclear isomer isomer sup 32m sup Ar , three of which are stable isotope stable , sup 36 sup Ar, sup 38 sup Ar, and sup 40 sup Ar. On Earth, sup 40 sup Ar makes up 99.6 of natural argon. The longest lived radioactive isotopes are sup 39 sup Ar with a half life of 269 years, sup 42 sup Ar with a half life of 32.9 years, and sup 37 sup Ar with a half life of 35.04 days. All other isotopes have half lives less than 2 hours, and most ... of Rock geology rocks through potassium argon dating . ref name iso cite web author date title sup ... 40 sup Ar in many rocks, it can be released by melting, grinding, and diffusion. Almost all of the argon ... argon is sup 40 sup Ar, whereas in the Sun and presumably in primordial star forming clouds, argon consists of 15 sup 40 sup Ar and mostly 85 sup 36 sup Ar. taken from the argon article In the Earth ... 39 sup K or alpha decay alpha emission by calcium . The content of sup 39 sup Ar in natural argon ... sup Ar in natural argon journal Nuclear Instruments and Methods A volume 574 pages 83 doi 10.1016 j.nima.2007.01.106 ... nuclear testing nuclear explosions . It has a half life of 35 days. ref name iso Standard argon atomic ... sup 4 sup sup 39 sup Ar ref group n Used in argonargon dating ref style text align right 18 style text ... nuclide ref sup 40 sup Ar ref group n Used in argonargon dating and potassium argon dating ref style ... making the argon in the air mostly sup 40 sup Ar, not sup 36 sup Ar. See also Wikipedia Books Argon ... on Talk Isotopes of argon this article s talk page . cite journal author G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra ... education parent Ar iso.htm Argon isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project s Isotope nav element argon lighter Isotopes of chlorine heavier Isotopes of potassium Category Isotopes of argon Category Lists of isotopes by element Argon Category Article Feedback 5 ca Is tops de l arg eo Izotopoj de argono fr Isotopes de l argon hu Az argon izot pjai nl Isotopen van argon ja ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Eye of Argon title orig translator image image caption author Jim Theis illustrator cover artist country US language ... paperback, 2006 pages isbn 0 8095 6261 8 oclc 71347850 preceded by followed by The Eye of Argon is a fantasy ... of The Eye of Argon. It was mimeographed with stencils cut on an elite manual typewriter. Many letters ... cite web url http www.wildsidebooks.com product.asp?itemid 1598 title The Eye of Argon, by Jim Theis ... and a jade idol with one eye a many faucet ed Red beryl scarlet emerald , the Eye of Argon. Chapter ... Agafnd. They emerge into the sunlight. Grignr pulls the Eye of Argon out of his pouch to admire. The jewel ... to the round robin effort. Its title? The Eye of Argon . ref cite web url http news.ansible.co.uk ... the event. As a party game Reading The Eye of Argon aloud has been made into a game, ref ..., is to read The Eye of Argon aloud, straight faced, without choking and falling over. The grandmaster ... IPA ta s was born August 9, 1953 and died March 26, 2002. He published The Eye of Argon in a fanzine ... http www users.cs.york.ac.uk susan sf eyeargon argnmail.htm title SS SF The Eye of Argon more background ... stage a reading of The Eye of Argon , Theis stated that he was hurt that his story was being mocked ... of Argon Published Professionally , St Louis Fandom mailing list, Sat Sep 16, 2006 ref A copy ... http www users.cs.york.ac.uk susan sf eyeargon eyeargon.htm The Eye of Argon full text ... of Argon http www.bmsc.washington.edu people merritt books Eye of Argon.html Another copy of Cadre ... Archives Misc eyeargon.html The Eye of Argon Wildside Press 2006 Trade paperback. Introduction ... http ansible.co.uk misc eyeargon intro.html About The Eye of Argon David Langford s page ... of Argon, The Category 1970 novels Category Fantasy short stories Category Fictional jewels Category Science fiction fandom Category Novellas es El ojo de Arg n fi The Eye of Argon ... more details
Tolkienchar image character image caption character name Argon character alias Arak no character race Elf Middle earth Elves Book s The Peoples of Middle earth Portal Middle earth In the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , Argon was the fourth child of Fingolfin , High King of the Noldor in Beleriand . His mother was Anair , and his brothers were Fingon , and Turgon . He had an older sister, Aredhel . His Quenya name was Arak no High Commander , named so partially for his character. Argon set foot on Middle earth with his father and brothers, but he was killed during the Dagor nuin Giliath . Arak no thus never received a true Sindarin name, but Argon was later devised for him in the records. It is recorded that this later became a popular name under the Eldar Middle earth Eldar . ref ME ref PoME The Shibboleth of F anor ref Fingolfin Other versions of the legendarium Argon does not appear in the published The Silmarillion at all, as he only came to light in very late writings by Tolkien. References Reflist Middle earth DEFAULTSORT Argon Middle earth Category Fictional characters introduced in 1996 Category High Elves Category WikiProject Middle earth to be merged ca Argon es Argon elfo nl Argon elf pl Argon r dziemie pt Argon Tolkien zh ... more details
The Argon was made by Grannaway Engineering Co, Earls Court , London S.W. in 1908. It was a fairly large touring car using a 25 hp 6 cylinder Coventry Climax Coventry Simplex engine. It was priced at 750 pounds. In 1905, the company was said to be planning a car deemed the Grannaway, but it is not clear whether this ever came to fruition. DEFAULTSORT Argon 1908 Automobile Category Vintage vehicles Category Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom Category Vehicle manufacture in London brass auto stub de Argon Automarke ... more details
Image Argon plasma coagulation.jpg right thumb Argon plasma coagulation administered via probe through the colonoscope at an angiodysplasia in the Colon anatomy colon . The patient had Heyde syndrome multiple colonic angiodysplasiae in the setting of aortic stenosis . Argon plasma coagulation or APC is a medical endoscopy endoscopic procedure used primarily to control bleeding from certain lesions in the gastrointestinal tract , and also sometimes to debulk tumours in the case of patients for whom surgery is not recommended. It is administered during esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy . APC involves the use of a jet of ionized argon gas plasma physics plasma that is directed through a probe passed through the endoscope . The probe is placed at some distance from the bleeding lesion, and argon gas is emitted then ionized by a high voltage discharge approx 6 kilovolt kV http www.mibalongastrico.comwww.gastrointestinalatlas.com English Colon and Rectum Radiation Colitis radiation colitis.html . High frequency electrical current is then conducted through the jet of gas, resulting in coagulation of the bleeding lesion on the other end of the jet. As no physical contact is made with the lesion, the procedure is safe, and can be used to treat bleeding in parts of the gastrointestinal tract with thin walls, such as the cecum . The depth of coagulation is usually only a few millimetres. APC is used to treat the following conditions angiodysplasia e, anywhere in the GI tract gastric antral vascular ectasia , or watermelon stomach polyp medicine colonic polyps , after polypectomy radiation proctitis esophageal cancer See also electrocautery Category Endoscopy Category Digestive system procedures med stub ... more details
The WIMP Argon Programme WARP is an experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso , Italy, for the research of cold dark matter . It aims to detect nuclear recoils in liquid argon induced by weakly interacting massive particle s WIMP through scintillation light the apparatus can also detect ionization so to exclude interactions of photons and electrons. External links http warp.lngs.infn.it WARP Wimp Argon Programme , on the LNGS website. particle stub Category Experiments for dark matter search Collaboration Members Universit degli Studi di Pavia e INFN P.Benetti, E.Calligarich, M.Cambiaghi, C.Montanari , A.Rappoldi, G.L.Raselli, M.Roncadelli, M.Rossella, C.Vignoli Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso INFN LNGS M. Antonello, O.Palamara, L.Pandola, C.Rubbia , E.Segreto, A.Szelc Universit degli Studi dell Aquila e INFN R.Acciarri, M. Antonello, N. Canci, F.Cavanna, F.Di Pompeo , L.Grandi also at INFN LNGS Universit degli Studi di Napoli e INFN F.Carbonara, A.Cocco, G.Fiorillo, G.Mangano Princeton University Department of Physics F.Calaprice, C.Galbiati, B.Loer, R.Saldanha Universit degli Studi di Padova e INFN B.Baibussinov, S.Centro, M.B.Ceolin, G.Meng, F.Pietropaolo,S.Ventura ... more details
Refimprove date November 2010 Argon oxygen decarburization AOD is a process primarily used in stainless steel steel making making and other high grade alloys with oxidizable elements such as chromium and aluminum . After initial melting the metal is then transferred to an AOD vessel where it will be subjected to three steps of refining decarburization , Reduction chemistry reduction , and desulphurization . AOD was invented in 1954 by the Lind Division of The Union Carbide Corporation ref http www.springerlink.com content c6g66r71262g0158 ref which became known as Praxair in 1992 ref http www.unioncarbide.com history index.htm ref . Decarburization File AOD Argon, oxygen decarburisation vessel.jpg thumb Refining of a 9.5 CrMoWVNbN steel in an argon, oxygen decarburisation AOD vessel 240x120px Prior to the decarburization step, one more step should be taken into consideration de siliconization , which is very important factor for refractory lining and further processing. The decarburization step is controlled by ratios of oxygen to argon or nitrogen to remove the carbon from the metal bath. The ratios can be done in any number of phases to facilitate the reaction. The gases are usually blown through a top lance oxygen only and tuyeres in the sides bottom oxygen with an inert gas shroud . The stages of blowing remove carbon by the combination of oxygen and carbon forming CO gas. math mathrm 3 CO gas 2 Cr bath longrightarrow Cr 2O 3 slag 3 C bath math To drive the reaction to the forming of CO the partial pressure of CO is lowered using argon or nitrogen. Since the AOD vessel isn t externally heated, the blowing stages are also used for temperature control. The burning of oxygen increases the bath temperature. Reduction After a desired carbon and temperature level have been reached the process moves to reduction. Reduction recovers the oxidized elements such as chromium ... or to a caster for casting. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Argon Oxygen Decarburization Category Steelmaking ... more details
The argon fluoride laser ArF laser is a particular type of excimer laser , ref Basting, D. and Marowsky, G., Eds., Excimer Laser Technology, Springer, 2005. ref which is sometimes more correctly called an exciplex laser. With its 193 nanometer wavelength, it is a deep ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in the production of semiconductor integrated circuits , eye surgery, micromachining, and scientific research. The term excimer is short for excited dimer , while exciplex is short for excited complex . An excimer laser typically uses a mixture of a noble gas argon, krypton, or xenon and a halogen gas fluorine or chlorine , which under suitable conditions of electrical stimulation and high pressure, emits coherent stimulated radiation laser light in the ultraviolet range. ArF and KrF excimer lasers are widely used in high resolution photolithography machines, one of the critical technologies required for microelectronic chip manufacturing. Excimer laser lithography ref name ieee1982 cite journal doi 10.1109 EDL.1982.25476 title Ultrafast deep UV Lithography with excimer lasers year 1982 last1 Jain first1 K. last2 Willson first2 C.G. last3 Lin first3 B.J. journal IEEE Electron Device Letters volume 3 issue 3 pages 53 55 ref ref name spie1990 Jain, K. Excimer Laser Lithography , SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA, 1990. ref has enabled transistor feature sizes to shrink from 0.5 micrometer in 1990 to below 45 nanometers in 2010. ref name spie2010 La Fontaine, B., http spie.org x42152.xml Lasers and Moore s Law , SPIE Professional, Oct. 2010, p. 20. ref Theory An argon fluoride laser absorbs energy from a source, causing the argon gas to react with the fluorine gas producing argon fluoride , a temporary complex chemistry complex , in an excited energy state 2 Ar chem F 2 2 ArF The complex can undergo spontaneous or stimulated emission, reducing its energy state to a metastable ... Electrolaser Nike laser Photolithography Moore s law References reflist DEFAULTSORT Argon Fluoride Laser ... more details
The Federation may refer to Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , often just called The Federation , a part of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation Star Trek The Federation Star Trek , an interstellar alliance in the Star Trek fictional universe Terran Federation Blake s 7 , a quasi fascist, totalitarian state in the Blake s 7 fictional universe The Federation Shannara , fictional country from the Shannara series by Terry Brooks The Federation band , Bay Area hip hop group disambig sv Federationen ... more details
Forms of government A federation Latin foedus, foederis , covenant , also known as a federal ... state self governing states or regions united by a central federal government. In a federation, the self ... or constitutional structure found in a federation is known as federalism see also Federalism as a political ... L nder is an example of a federation, whereas neighboring Austria and its States of Austria Bundesl nder ... Spanish American wars of independence . The oldest continuous federation, and a role model for many ... systems, before settling as federations. Brazil became a federation only after fall of Brazilian Empire the monarchy see States of Brazil , and Venezuela became a federation after the Federal War ... and West Germany were federations. Founded in 1922, the Soviet Union was formally a federation of republics ... Federation has inherited a similar system. Several dominons of the British Empire , independent ... 2001russiabg.jpg thumb right A map of the Russian Federation, showing constituent oblasts , or states Federations In a federation the component states are known as in some sense sovereign, in so far ..., a federation is more than a mere loose alliance of independent states. The component states of a federation ... status under international law . Some federations are called Asymmetric federation asymmetric because some states have more autonomy than others. An example of such a federation is Malaysia , in which Sarawak and Sabah entered the federation on different terms and conditions from the states of Peninsular Malaysia . A federation often emerges from an initial agreement between a number of separate states ... States and Switzerland , the latter with Germany . Clarify date March 2008 Which German federation ... state through its history some present day States of the Federation retain the borders ... often also include one or more self governing regions. The difference between a federation and this kind ... for a federation to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states ... more details
Summary Laboratory Robots in acid digestion. Argon Robotic Analytical Laboratory for automation of the acid digestion process involving two 6 axis robots 5 axis and railing system . Protective covering prevents spillage and vapor from the concentrated chemicals affecting the robot and customized tooling allows the robot to manipulate beakers and test tubes though the system. For more information see http www.argonlabsystems.com products services acid digest system.html system specifications . Photo by C. Moore, Argon Lab Systems, Argon Technology Pty. Ltd., Perth, Australia, Year 2007, http www.argonlabsystems.com.au http www.argonlabsystems.com.au Source Argon Technology Pty. Ltd., Perth, Australia, Mr. P. Deuchar, Phone 61 89364 9970, http www.argon.com.au http www.argon.com.au Licensing cc by sa 2.5 ... more details
Information Description en 1 8 grams pure thallium under argon . Original size in cm 0.7 x 1.5 Source http images of elements.com thallium.php Author User Jurii Jurii Date 2009 Permission CC BY other versions ... more details
Summary Information Description Spectral line radiation from an argon flashtube, operated at very high voltage and low current, as seen through a digital camera. The tube is underenergized, allowing the camera to photograph it unfiltered. While appearing quite purple and dim to the naked eye, the camera is able to image a multitude of powerful spectral lines in the near irfrared, ref https kb.osu.edu dspace bitstream 1811 5654 1 V71N06 343.pdf ref into which most of the gas output is placed at low current densities. Source I User Zaereth Zaereth User talk Zaereth talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 00 42, 20 July 2010 UTC Author User Zaereth Zaereth User talk Zaereth talk 00 42, 20 July 2010 UTC other versions Licensing PD self date July 2010 References references Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
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