About the geometric quantity File Area.svg right thumb Together, the area of these three shapes is between 15 and 16 square geometry squares . Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two dimensional surface or shape in the Plane geometry plane . Area can be understood as the amount of material ... dimensional concept . The area of a shape can be measured by comparing the shape to square geometry square s of a fixed size. In the International System of Units SI , the standard unit of area is the square metre m sup 2 sup , which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long. ref http www.bipm.org en CGPM db 11 12 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ref A shape with an area of three square metres would have the same area as three such squares. In mathematics , the unit square is defined to have area one, and the area of any other shape or surface is a Dimensionless quantity ... such as triangle s, rectangle s, and circle s. Using these formulas, the area of any polygon can be found ... pp.45 61. ref For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area. Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the History ... geometry cylinder , the area of its boundary surface is called the surface area . Formulas for the surface ... the surface area of a more complicated shape usually requires multivariable calculus . Area plays ..., area is related to the definition of determinant s in linear algebra , and is a basic property ... and Surfaces. Prentice Hall, 1976. Page 98. ref In analysis , the area of a subset of the plane ... Hill, 1966, ISBN 0 07 100276 6. ref though not every subset is measurable. In general, area in higher ... unit of area, namely the area of a square with the given side length. Thus areas can be measure ... algebra squares of the corresponding length units. The SI unit of area is the square metre ... mile gaps 2.589 988 110 336 square kilometres Other units See also Category Units of area There are several ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2010 Lee Model for Area to Area Mode is a Radio propagation model that operates around 900 MHz. Built as two different modes, this model includes an adjustment factor that can be adjusted to make the model more flexible to different regions of propagation. Applicable to under conditions This model is suitable for using in data collected in a specific area. The model predicts the behaviour of all links that has ends in specific areas. Coverage Frequency 900 MHz Band Mathematical formulation The model The Lee Model is formally expressed as math L L 0 gamma log d 10 log F A math where, L The median path loss . Unit decibel dB L sub 0 sub The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit decibel dB math gamma math The slope of the path loss curve. Unit decibels per decade d The distance on which the path loss is to be calculated. F sub A sub Adjustment factor. Calculation of reference path loss The reference path loss is usually computed along a 1 km or 1 mile link. Any other suitable length of path can be chosen based on the applications. math L 0 G B G M 20 log lambda log d 22 math where, G sub B sub Base station Antenna radio antenna gain . Unit decibel with respect to isotropic antenna dBi math lambda math Wavelength . Unit meter m . G sub M sub Mobile station antenna gain. Unit Decibel with respect to isotropic antenna dBi . Calculation of adjustment factors The adjustment factor is calculated as math F A F BH F BG F MH F MG F F math where, F sub BH sub Base station antenna height correction factor. F sub BG sub Base station antenna gain correction factor. F sub MH sub Mobile station antenna height correction factor. F sub MG sub Mobile station antenna gain correction factor. F sub F sub Frequency correction factor The base station antenna height correction factor math F BH left frac h B 30.48 right 2 math where, h sub B sub Base station antenna height. Unit meter m . or math F BH left frac h B 100 right 2 math where, h sub B sub Base station antenna ... more details
Area 4 is the name of several places including Area 4, Cambridge a neighborhood Area 4 NTS one of the named test areas at the Nevada Test site Area 4 venue and entertainment venue in Germany Brodmann area 4 an area of the brain Jiuquan Launch Area 4 or simply Launch Area 4 Special Area No. 4, Alberta disambig ... more details
For Hawking s area theorem, see Black hole thermodynamics The laws of black hole mechanics . For the area theorem in conformal mapping theory, see area theorem conformal mapping . Area theorem conformal mapping disambig ... more details
Grey area or Gray area can signify Grey area concept , the concept of a hazy area Grey Area band The Grey Area , a song by Miss Kittin & The Hacker from Champagne EP Champagne Grey Area coffee shop , located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Gray Areas , a magazine Grey area gallery , located in Brighton, United Kingdom GCU Grey Area , a fictional starship Loophole , a weakness in the law that yields an uncertainty on legislation. disambig ... more details
Area 11 may refer to Area 11 Nevada Test Site one section of the Nevada Test Site Brodmann area 11 , an area of the brain A fictional name for Japan in the anime Code Geass The single largest area on American Youth Soccer Organization disamb ... more details
Image Mk Zuwanderer.png thumb 200px right Area Chart Image US and USSR nuclear stockpiles.svg thumb 200px right Layered Area Chart An area chart or area graph displays graphically quantitive data. It is based on the line chart . The area between axis and line are commonly emphasized with colors, textures and hatchings. Commonly one compares with an area chart two or more quantities. Common uses Area charts are used to represent cumulated totals using numbers or percentages stacked area charts in this case over time. commonscat Area charts statistics stub Category Diagrams Category Statistical charts and diagrams de Fl chendiagramm sv Ytdiagram ... more details
Wiktionary areaArea may refer to area , units of measurement area subnational entity area architecture , an excavated area around the walls of a building, designed to admit light into its basement areal feature in linguistics Area may also refer to Area band , an Italian 70s progressive rock and jazz fusion band Area EP , an EP by the Futureheads Area LDS Church , a geographical division within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Area travel agency , a Finnish travel agency Area journal , a journal published by the Royal Geographic Society Area nightclub , a nightclub that existed in New York City from 1983 to 1987 American Railway Engineering Association AREA , Acronym for American Railway Engineering Association Area Sirius XM Areal may refer to Areal, Rio de Janeiro , a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro Disambig de Areal es rea fa fr Habitat gl H bitat nl Siedlisko pl Siedlisko sl Habitat ... more details
The following numbers characterize the area of Poland Area of Polish territory 322 575 km land area , internal waters area and territorial sea area Administrative area of Poland 312 679 km . This is calculated according to the official definition of the coastline. Some of Polish administrative unit s include area of internal waters 8 Gmina commune s in voivodeship zachodniopomorskie , 2 communes in Pomerania Voivodeship and 3 communes in Warmia Mazuria Voivodeship . In Poland there are 2005 km of internal waters, but only 791 km of it are included in administrative units according to the coast line definition. That is why the administrative area of Poland isn t the same as the area of Poland. By common convention 312 679 km is called the total area of Poland in encyclopedias and other sources. ref http www.britannica.com nations Poland Encyclopaedia Britannica , br http encyklopedia.pwn.pl haslo.php?id 4169123 Encyklopedia PWN in Polish ref Area of Poland land area of Poland 311 888 km . Land area includes land waters lake s, river s, canal s and this figure is normally used when comparing the area of Poland with the area of other countries. References references Category Geography of Poland pl Powierzchnia Polski ... more details
Special Area may refer to Special Area of Conservation , a protection area for fauna and flora designated by the European Union Special Areas Board , Alberta, Canada, which governs three rural municipalities Special Area No. 2, Alberta Special Area No. 3, Alberta Special Area No. 4, Alberta Conservation in Hong Kong List of country parks & special areas in Hong Kong Special areas in Hong Kong , also called country parks Lai Chi Wo Special Area Ma Shi Chau Special Area Tai Po Kau Special Area Tsiu Hang Special Area Tung Lung Fort Special Area Special Flight Rules Area , a region in the United States where the normal rules of flight do not apply Special Landscape Area , conservation designation used by local government in the United Kingdom Special Protection Area , a protection area for wild birds designated by the European Union Special Areas Act may refer to Special Areas Act 1934 , Britain, to give aid to areas with high unemployment rates Special Areas Amendment Act of 1937 , Britain, to encourage business after the Special Areas Act 1934 Special Areas Act 1938, Alberta, Canada, that created the Special Areas Board disambig ... more details
with Brodmann s areas numbered. A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex defined based ... cortex. The same Brodmann area number in different species does not necessarily indicate homologous ... 1, 2 and 3 are the primary somatosensory cortex area 4 is the primary motor cortex area 17 is the primary ... imaging functional imaging , and other methods e.g., the consistent localization of Broca s area Broca s speech and language area to the left Brodmann areas 44 and 45 . However, functional imaging ... Cortex frequently referred to as Areas 3, 1, 2 by convention Brodmann area 4 Area 4 Primary Motor Cortex Brodmann area 5 Area 5 Somatosensory Association Cortex Brodmann area 6 Area 6 Premotor cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex Secondary Motor Cortex Supplementary motor area Brodmann area 7 Area 7 Somatosensory Association Cortex Brodmann area 8 Area 8 Includes Frontal eye fields Brodmann area 9 Area 9 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 10 Area 10 Anterior prefrontal cortex most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri Brodmann area 11 Area 11 Orbitofrontal cortex Orbitofrontal area orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus Brodmann area 12 Area 12 Orbitofrontal cortex Orbitofrontal area used to be part of BA11, refers to the area between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostral sulcus Brodmann area 13 Area 13 and Brodmann area 14 Area 14 sup sup Insular cortex Brodmann area 15 Area 15 sup sup Anterior Temporal Lobe Brodmann area 17 Area 17 Visual cortex V1 Primary visual cortex V1 Brodmann area 18 Area 18 Visual cortex V2 Secondary visual cortex V2 Brodmann area 19 Area 19 Visual cortex V3 Associative visual cortex V3 Brodmann area 20 Area 20 Inferior temporal gyrus Brodmann area 21 Area 21 Middle temporal gyrus Brodmann area 22 Area 22 Superior temporal gyrus , of which the caudal part is usually considered to contain the Wernicke s area Brodmann area 23 Area 23 Ventral Posterior cingulate cortex ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The meizoseismal area in an earthquake is the area of maximum damage. For example, in the Charleston earthquake Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 , the meizoseismal area was an area about twenty by thirty miles stretching northeast between Charleston and Jedburg, South Carolina Jedburg and incorporating Summerville, South Carolina Summerville . The estimated epicenter was near Middleton Place . DEFAULTSORT Meizoseismal Area Category Seismology and earthquake terminology Geology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 When two Physical body objects touch, a certain portion of their surface areas will be in contact with each other. Contact area is the fraction of this area that consists of the atom s of one object in contact with the atoms of the other object. Because objects are never perfectly flat due to Asperity material science asperities , the actual contact area on a microscopic scale is usually much less than the contact area apparent on a macroscopic scale. Contact area may depend on the normal force between the two objects due to deformation engineering deformation . The contact area depends on the geometry of the contacting bodies, the load, and the material properties. The contact area between two parallel cylinders is a narrow rectangle. Two, non parallel cylinders have an elliptical contact area, unless the cylinders are crossed at 90 degrees, in which case they have a circular contact area. Two spheres also have a circular contact area. Friction and contact area It is an empirical fact for many materials that F N , where F is the friction frictional force for sliding friction , is the coefficient of friction , and N is the normal force . There isn t a simple derivation for sliding friction s independence from area. Methods for determining contact area One way of determining the actual contact area is to determine it indirectly through a physical process that depends on contact area. For example, the Electrical resistance resistance of a wire is dependent on the cross sectional area, so one may find the contact area of a metal by measuring the Electric current current that flows through that area through the surface of an electrode to another electrode, for example. DEFAULTSORT Contact Area Category Force pt rea de contato ... more details
wiktionarypar catchment A catchment area may refer to Catchment area human geography , the area and population from which a facility or region attracts visitors or customers Drainage basin , an extent of land where water from precipitation drains into a body of water disambig ... more details
Refimprove date April 2009 Area 2 is located in the Nevada Test Site in the Mojave Desert . The area is located 18 miles south east of Area 51 and is part of Nellis Air Force Base . Area 2 has been the United States nuclear weapons testing facility since the 1950s with over 100 visible craters. ref http www.globalsecurity.org wmd facility nts areas 1.htm ref During the testing of U.S. nuclear weapons, all of the bombs were stored in the facility 2 miles from testing site, the facility is un named and is only referred to as Area 2. References Reflist US Nuclear Tests Category Nevada Test Site Area 02 ... more details
Area 44 may refer to Municipal District of Rocky View No. 44, now named Rocky View County, Alberta Brodmann area 44 , or BA44, part of the frontal cortex in the human brain dab ... more details
In geometry , for a finite planar surface of scalar area math S math , the vector area math mathbf S math is defined as a vector whose magnitude is math S math and whose direction is perpendicular to the plane, as determined by the right hand rule on the rim moving one s right hand counterclockwise around the rim, when the palm of the hand is touching the surface, and the straight thumb indicates the direction . math mathbf S mathbf hat n S math For an orientable surface S composed of a set math S i math of flat facet areas, the vector area of the surface is given by math mathbf S sum i mathbf hat n i S i math where math mathbf hat n i math is the unit normal vector to the area math S i math . For bounded, oriented curved surfaces that are sufficiently well behaved, we can still define vector area. First, we split the surface into infinitesimal elements, each of which is effectively flat. For each infinitesimal element of area, we have an area vector, also infinitesimal. math d mathbf S mathbf ... math . Integrating gives the vector area for the surface. math mathbf S int d mathbf S math For a curved or faceted surface, the vector area is smaller in magnitude than the area. As an extreme example, a closed surface can possess arbitrarily large area, but its vector area is necessarily zero. ref ... vector area the vector area is entirely determined by the boundary. These are consequences of Stokes theorem . The concept of an area vector simplifies the equation for determining the flux through ... as the dot product of the field and area vector. This is much simpler than multiplying the field strength by the surface area and the cosine of the angle between the field and the surface normal. Projection of area onto planes The projected area onto for example the x y plane is equivalent to the z component of the vector area, and is given by math mathbf S z left mathbf S right cos theta math where ... area no Arealvektor pl Wektor powierzchni ... more details
Area 7 may refer to Area 7 NTS one of the areas inside the Nevada Test Site Area 7 novel , thriller by Matthew Reilly Area 7 , Australian band disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. it Area 7 ... more details
In sailboating , the wetted area is the area of the hull which is immersed in water. In aircraft , the wetted area is the area which is in contact with the external airflow. This has a direct relationship on the overall drag of the aircraft. References refbegin Intake Aerodynamics October 1999 by Seddon and Goldsmith, Blackwell Science and the AIAA Educational Series 2nd edition refend Category Naval architecture Category Aerodynamics naval stub aircraft stub fr Surface mouill e ... more details
Restricted Area may refer to A Restricted Area is an area where no one but certain people can enter. Key basketball , a zone on the Basketball court A location in List of locations in the Metroid series Biologic Space Laboratories Metroid A departure area after the customs counters in most of airports . A computer Role playing game RPG game by Master Creating disamb ja ... more details
The maneuvering area , manoeuvring area , or movement area is the part of the airport used by aircraft for landing , takeoff and taxiing that does not include the airport ramp . The terms are used differently in the United States and Canada . In the United States , as per Federal Aviation Regulation FAR 139.5, the Movement Area means the runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport that are used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and aircraft parking areas. At those airports heliports with a tower, specific approval for entry onto the movement area must be obtained from ATC. The international ICAO definition of the Movement Area is That part of an aerodrome to be used for the takeoff, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the maneuvering area and the apron s . In Canada, the manoeuvering area includes runways and taxiways, while the movement area includes the manoeuvering area and aprons ref Transport Canada, Civil Aviation Terminology System CATS , retrieved 24 February 02010, http wwwapps.tc.gc.ca Saf Sec Sur 2 cats stac d r.aspx?lang eng&id no 108875&do 1&ui 36463&sc movement area&lc 1&rc 16&st 1&cb F&rpp 10 ref . See Runway Taxiway ICAO References references Category Airport terminology airport stub pl Pole manewrowe no Man vreringsomr de ... more details
Cleanup date December 2009 Critical area can refer to one of the following Aviation In aviation , a critical area refers to a designated area of an airport that all aircraft must remain clear of when another aircraft is inbound on an Instrument Landing System ILS approach. The critical area should be avoided when the weather is less than or equal to 2 miles visibility or less than or equal to 800 ft. ceilings. These areas are used to protect against signal Interference communication interference that may lead to navigation al errors, or worse. Instrument Landing System ILS technology delivers two main types of information to pilots. These types include the glideslope vertical location relative ... critical area. Unsourced image removed Image ILS Critical Area Runway Marking.jpg thumb right 200px Pavement markings identify the limits of the ILS Critical Area deletable image caption Image Airport ILS holding sign.svg thumb right 150px Sign placed at edge of ILS critical area often next to pavement markings Localizer critical area Vehicles and aircraft are not authorized in or over the critical area when an arriving aircraft is between the Instrument Landing System ILS final approach fix and the airport. Glideslope critical area Vehicles and aircraft are not authorized in or over the critical area when an arriving aircraft is between the Instrument Landing System ILS final approach ... into the ILS critical area and identified by signs and pavement markings. During times of reduced ... are expected to BEFORE TAKEOFF Stop aircraft before entering the critical area while waiting for takeoff. AFTER LANDING Move the aircraft out of the critical area before stopping to receive taxi instructions from the ground controller. Much larger than the critical area is the sensitive area. Aircraft and vehicles are not allowed in this area when Low Visibility Procedures are in force, since aircraft ... design , a critical area refers to the area of a circuit design wherein a particle of a particular ... more details
a penalty kick from inside the penalty area. Fouls punishable by a direct free kick i.e. handling the ball and most physical fouls , committed by the defensive team within the penalty area, may be penalised by a penalty kick. A penalty kick is taken from the penalty spot. The penalty area has other functions, including Goalkeeper football Goalkeeper s The area delimiting the area in which a goalkeeper may legally handle the ball Goal kick s The ball is not in play until it has left the area, and opposing players must remain outside the area until this time Defensive direct free kicks and indirect free kick s Again, the ball is not in play until it has left the area, and opposing players must remain outside the area until this time Taking of penalty kicks players other than the kicker and the goalkeeper must remain outside the area and also the penalty arc until the kick has been taken ... fr Lexique du football S hr esnaesterac it Area di rigore hu Tizenhatos nl Strafschopgebied ... more details
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