this the Maipurean languages, or Arawakan proper the larger language family proposal called Arawakan Macro Arawakanlanguages Infobox language family name Arawakan altname Maipurean ethnicity Arawak peoples ... , Uruguay and Chile familycolor American fam1 Macro Arawakanlanguages Macro Arawakan uncertain child1 Northern child2 Southern map Arawak Languages.png mapcaption Maipurean languages in South America ... actual location of extant languages, and shadows show probable earlier areas. Arawakan Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, mainstream Arawakan, Arawakan proper , also known as Maipurean also Maipuran, Maipureano ..., until its use was extended in North America to the broader Macro Arawakanlanguages Macro Arawakan proposal, and which time the name Maipurean was resurrected for the core family. See ArawakanlanguagesArawakan vs. Maipuran Arawakan vs Maipurean for details. Languages The most populous languages are in the Ta Arawakan Ta Maipurean group Wayuu language Wayuu Goajiro , with ca 300,000 speakers, and Gar funa ... to the family tree detailed below, there are a few languages that are Non Maipurean Arawakan ... from indigenous languages of the Americas Words from Arawakanlanguages English words of Arawakan ..., Desmond C. 1992 . Arawakanlanguages. In W. Bright Ed. , International encyclopedia of linguistics ... of Maipuran Arawakanlanguages based on shared lexical retentions. In D. C. Derbyshire & G. K. Pullum ... show family.asp?subid 90535 Arawakan, Maipuran Language families Category Arawakanlanguages ... families in a hypothetical Macro Arawakan stock. The name Maipure was given to the family by Filippo ... of Maipurean is difficult due to the large number of languages which are extinct and poorly documented. However, apart from transparent relationships which might constitute single languages, there are several groups of Maipurean languages which are generally accepted. Many classifications agree in bifurcating Maipurean into northern and southern branches, though perhaps not all languages ... more details
Infobox language family name Ta Arawakan altname Caribbean region Circum Caribbean familycolor American fam1 Maipurean languagesArawakan fam2 Northern fam3 Caribbean child1 I eri child2 Ta Arawakan proper sil 228 16 The Ta Arawakanlanguages, sc aka Ta Maipurean and Caribbean , are the indigenous languages of the Caribbean Sea parts of northern South America. They are distinguished by the use of ta rather than common Maipurean Arawakan na for the pronoun I . Languages Kaufman 1994 gives the following breakdown Taino language Ta no Guajiro sc aka Wahiro Wayuu language Wayuu sc aka Guajiro, Wahiro Paraujano language Paraujano sc aka Parauhano Arawak language Araw k sc aka Lokono I eri sc aka Inyeri Kalh phona language Kalh phona sc aka Island Carib Garifuna language Gar funa sc aka Black Carib Aikhenvald adds Shebayo language Shebayo , which Kaufman had left unclassified, and removes I eri from Ta Arawakan proper Caribbean Arawakan I eri sc aka Inyeri Kalh phona language Kalh phona sc aka Island Carib Garifuna language Gar funa sc aka Black Carib Ta Arawakan Taino language Taino Wayuu language Wayyu sc aka Guajiro Paraujano language Parauhano sc aka A un Arawak language Arawak sc aka Lokono Shebayo language Shebayo Caquetio language Caquetio Category Arawakanlanguages ... more details
Arawakanlanguages, at least, seem to need to be subgrouped with languages already found within ... state of comparative studies. blockquote Characteristics The languages called Arawakan or Maipuran ... The Arawakanlanguages are spoken over a large swath of territory, from the eastern slopes ... attested Arawakanlanguages seems to be the Goajiro language, spoken in Colombia. It has been .... Payne, David. 1991 . A classification of Maipuran Arawakanlanguages based on shared lexical retentions ... 499 . Berlin Mouton de Gruyter. Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1992 . Arawakanlanguages. In W. Bright Ed. , International ... resources on native South American languages Category Arawakanlanguages Category Proposed language ...Infobox language family altname Arawakan name Macro Arawakan region Widest geographical area of any language group in Latin America , see Arawakanlanguages Geographic distribution Geographic distribution . familycolor American family Macro Arawakan child1 Guajiboan languages Guajiboan child2 Arauan languages Arau n child3 ArawakanlanguagesArawakan Maipurean iso5 awd map Macro arawakan Languages.png mapcaption Arawakanlanguages blue dots , Guajiboan languages violet dots , and Arauan languages green dots . Paler areas represent probable extension at the time of contact. Macro Arawakan is a proposed language family of South America and the Caribbean based on the Arawakanlanguages . Sometimes the proposal is called Arawakan , in which case the central family is called Maipurean . Originally ... language are still spoken in Suriname . Arawakan vs. Maipuran Filippo Salvatore Gilii Filippo ... 1891 after one of the most important languages of the family, Arawak language Arawak in the Guianas. The modern equivalents are Maipurean or Maipuran and Arawak or Arawakan . The term Arawakan is now used in two senses. In South America, Aru k is generally used for Maipurean languages the family ... proposal that includes that adds the Guajiboan languages Guajiboan and Arauan languages ... more details
Nawiki languages, but only a few words are known. The Ponares language listed in Ethnologue may have been Piapoco or Achagua. Category Arawakanlanguages ...Infobox language family name Upper Amazonian Arawakan altname Inland Northern Maipuran region Northern Amazon familycolor American fam1 Maipurean languagesArawakan fam2 Northern child1 Western Nawiki child2 Eastern Nawiki child3 Central Orinoco child4 Manao sil 415 16 The Upper Amazon Maipurean languages, sc aka North Amazonian or Inland Northern Maipuran , are Arawakanlanguages of the northern Amazon in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil. Languages Kaufman 1994 Kaufman 1994 gives the following breakdown Aikhenvald s names of branches in parentheses Western Nawiki Colombian Wainum group Wainuma language Wainum Mariate language Mariat Anauya language Anauy Piapoko group Achagua language Achagua Achawa Piapoco language Piapoco Amarizana language Amarizana Caviyari language Caviyari Cabiyar ? Warekena group Guarequena language Guarequena Warekena Mandahuaca language Mandahuaca Mandawaka R o Negro group Jumana language Jumana Yumana Pase language Pas Cawishana language Cawishana Yucuna group Yucuna language Yucuna Jukuna Guaru language Guar Eastern Nawiki Upper Rio Negro Tariana language Tariana Karu group Curripako language Kurripako sc aka Ipeka Tapuia Curripako Baniwa language Baniwa Car tana Baniwa Katpol tani Moriwene Mapanai Kadaupuritana Resigaro language Res garo ? Central Upper Amazon Orinoco Bar group Marawa language Maraw Bar language Bar Guinao language Guinao ... Upper Amazon languages unclassified Shiriana language Shiriana Xiri na, Yabaana language Yaba na , Waraiku ... a couple languages Kaufman left out Shiriana, Yaba na , but leaves several of his Western Nawiki languages and branches unclassified. Several languages Maipure, Res garo, Cawishana, Mandahuaca, and Guarequena are moved. She treats the Yucuna, Karu Baniwa , and Bare groups as single languages. Western ... more details
Infobox language family name Piro altname Purus region Western Amazon familycolor American fam1 Maipurean languages Arawakan fam2 Southern sil 399 16 The Piro languages, sc aka Purus , or in Aikhenvald South Western Arawak , are Arawakan languages of the Peruvian and western Brazilian Amazon. Languages Kaufman 1994 gives the following breakdown Yine language Yine formerly known as Piro I apari language I apari Kanamar language Kanamar Apurin language Apurin Ethnologue 16 adds Machinere language Machinere sc aka Maniten re and Mashco Piro language Mashco Piro sc aka Cujare o. Kaufman had considered the last to be a dialect of Yine. Category Arawakan languages ... more details
Infobox language family name Campa altname Pre Andine region Western Amazon familycolor American fam1 Arawakan languages Arawakan fam2 Southern child1 Asheninka child2 Ashininka child3 Ashaninka child4 Matsigenka sil 2472 16 The Campa languages, sc aka Pre Andine Maipurean Arawakan, are Arawakan languages of the Peruvian Amazon. The best known is Ash ninka language Ash ninka . Languages Kaufman 1994 gives the following breakdown Ash ninka languages Ash ninka Pajonal Ash ninka , South Ucayali Ash ninka , Pichis Ash ninka , Ucayali Yur a Ash ninka , Peren Ash ninka Axininca language Axininca Ash ninka language Ash ninka Caquinte language Caquinte Machiguenga language Machiguenga sc aka Matsigenka Nomatsiguenga language Nomatsiguenga The Asheninka languages are close, apart from Axininca. Ashaninka and Caquinte are closest to each other, as are Machiguenga and Nomatsiguenga. Ethnologue 16 breaks up Asheninka as above and adds Nanti language Nanti , which is evidently closest to Machiguenga. Category Arawakan languages es Lenguas campa ... more details
of the family. Genetic relations Guajiboan has often been grouped together with Arawakan , Arauan ... and Arawakan has been attributed to language contact . External links Ethnologue http www.ethnologue.com ... Guajiboana Bibliography Adelaar, Willem F. H. & Muysken, Pieter C. 2004 . The languages of the Andes ... of Linguistics. Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native ... . Ethnologue Languages of the world 15th ed. . Dallas, TX SIL International. ISBN 1 55671 159 X ... languages pp. 13 67 . Austin University of Texas Press. ISBN 0 292 70414 3. Kaufman, Terrence. 1994 . The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher Eds. , Atlas of the world s languages pp. 46 76 . London Routledge. Keels, Jack. 1985 . Guayabero Phonology and morphophonemics. In Ruth M. Brend ed. , From phonology to discourse Studies in six Colombian languages 57 ... XXXVII 191 240. Paris. fr icon Category Guajiboan languages Category Indigenous languages ... more details
. Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America . New ... . Ethnologue Languages of the world 15th ed. . Dallas, TX SIL International. ISBN 1 55671 159 X ... American languages pp. 13 67 . Austin University of Texas Press. ISBN 0 292 70414 3. Kaufman, Terrence. 1994 . The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher Eds. , Atlas of the world s languages pp. 46 76 . London Routledge. Language families Category Arawan languages Category Indigenous languages of Western Amazonia Category Languages of Brazil Category Languages ... more details
Infobox language family name Tim tean altname region Venezuela familycolor American family Timotean child1 Timote language Timote Cuica child2 Mucuch language Mucuch Marip map Timote Cuica languages.png mapcaption Timote and Cuica toponym s The Timotean languages were spoken in the Venezuelan Andes around what is now M rida State M rida . It is assumed that they are extinct. However, Timote may survive in the so far unattested Mut language Mut Loco language, as this occupies a mountain village Mut s within the old Timote state. ref Lyle Campbell, 2000. American Indian Languages The Historical Linguistics of Native America . ref ref Willem Adelaar with Pieter Muysken, The Languages of the Andes , CUP, 2004 124 125 ref There is no apparent connection to the Chibchan, Arawakan, or Cariban families, apart from sporadic resemblances with Paez language Paez and some divergent Chibchan languages, so Timotean appears to be an independent family. There were two closely related languages, each a pair of dialects Timote language Timote Cuica Miguri, Cuica, Cicua , spoken by the Timoto Cuica people Mucuchi language Mucuch Marip Mococh , Mirrip Traditionally, Mucuch and Mirrip have been classified as dialects of Timote, with Cuica as a distinct language, but the data in Loukotka 1968 unless it s been mislabeled http multitree.org codes qcx indicates that Cuica is a dialect of Timote, and that Mucuch Mirrip are a separate language. References Reflist External links Fabre http butler.cc.tut.fi fabre BookInternetVersio Dic Mut fas.pdf Mut s Category Indigenous languages of the Americas Category Extinct languages of South America Category Languages of Venezuela na lang stub es Lenguas timote cuica ... more details
by peoples known as Mazorij, and others known as Ciguayos, and they had different languages ... languages were not intelligible with each other, Tres lenguas habia en esta Isla ... Little else is known of the Ciboney languages apart from the word for gold in Ciguayo, tuob , mentioned ... twob , is not a possible Ta no word. Both the Arawak and Carib languages had a simple CV syllable ... family than the two known languages of the Caribbean. Granberry 1991 has speculated that they may have been related, not to the languages of South America as Ta no was, but to languages of Central ... Taylor, Languages and Ghost Languages of the West Indies , in the International Journal of American Linguistics , 22 2 April 1956 . ref References Reflist Category Extinct languages of North America Category Unclassified languages of North America Category Indigenous languages of the Americas es ... more details
percent of the population. It is an ArawakanlanguagesArawakan Maipurean based language with elements ... by a majority of Belizeans. ref name 2000 Belize Census Mayan languages such as Q eqchi language Kekchi ... languages Chinese , Hindi Urdu Hindustani and other languages are mother tongues of about 1 percent ... English 54 26 80 align right align left Spanish 52 11 63 align right class wikitable sortable Languages ... Mopan align right 6,909 align right 3.4 Plautdietsch align right 6,783 align right 3.3 Sinitic languages ... Maya peoples Belize topics North America in topic Languages of English official language clickable map Category Languages of Belize Belize stub na lang stub es Lenguas de Belice ... more details
with some of the people speaking Choco languages The Choco languages also Chocoan , Choc , Chok are a small family of Native American languages spread across Colombia and Panama . Family division Choco consists of perhaps ten languages, half of them extinct. The Ember languages also known ... language in Ethnologue regardless. The Ember group is two languages mainly in Colombia with over ... this into 6 languages. Kaufman 1994 considers the term Cholo to be vague and condescending. Noanam ... to Cariban estm r Loukotka 1944 Southern Ember may be related to Paezan , Noanam to Arawakan within ... within Joseph Greenberg s Nuclear Paezan , most closely related to Paezan languages Paezan and Barbacoan languages Barbacoan See also Embera Wounaan Ember languages Bibliography Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America . New York Oxford University ... . Ethnologue Languages of the world 15th ed. . Dallas, TX SIL International. ISBN 1 55671 159 X. Online ... South American languages pp. 13 67 . Austin University of Texas Press. ISBN 0 292 70414 3. Kaufman, Terrence. 1994 . The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher Eds. , Atlas of the world s languages pp. 46 76 . London Routledge. Loewen, Jacob. 1963 . Choco I & Choco ... . Languages of the world materials 208. LINCOM. Mortensen, Charles A. 1999 . A reference grammar of the Northern Embera languages . Studies in the languages of Colombia No.7 SIL publications in linguistics ... . South American Indian languages. The new Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed. . Chicago Encyclop dia ... mundo choco.htm Familia Choc language families Category Choco languages Category Indigenous languages of Central America Category Indigenous languages of the South American Northwest br Yezho ... more details
language Yamana Equatorial Tucanoan Equatorial Macro Arawakanlanguages Macro Arawakan Cayuvava language ... languages of the Americas belong to one of three language families , the previously established Eskimo Aleut languages Eskimo Aleut and Na Dene languages Na Dene , and with everything ... in the Americas , the relationships he proposed between these languages have been roundly rejected by the large ... broadly to the various indigenous languages of the Americas without necessarily implying that they are a genetic ... used for the latter meaning. Background The idea that all the languages of the Americas are related ... Humboldt noticed that the languages of the Americas seemed to be very different from the better known European languages, yet seemingly also quite similar to each other. When studies of American Indian languages began in earnest in the early 20th century linguists quickly realized that the indigenous languages were in fact not all that similar, but had a diversity much greater than among the languages of Europe. After a period of uncertainty about whether indigenous languages could be described and investigated by the methods applied to European languages the first linguists began the daunting task of trying to classify the languages of the Americas by using the Historical linguistics comparative ... the first to apply the comparative method to native American languages. However, contrary to current ... not. Sapir entertained the idea that ultimately all languages of the Americas might turn out to be provably ... can yield reliable proof of genetic relationships between languages. In elaborating his classification of the Amerind languages Greenberg relied heavily on Sapir s early work on the North American languages and the highly impressionist classification of South American languages by Paul Rivet . Amerind pronouns The main argument for the genetic unity of most native American languages is an observed pronominal pattern in many native American languages that have first person forms with n and second ... more details
peoples Arawakanlanguages Carib language Ta no language Taino Garifuna language External links http www.etnolinguistica.org Etnolinguistica.Org online resources on native South American languages http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90634 Ethnologue report for Carib languages http wold.livingsources.org ... languages are closely related, and in many cases where a language is more distinct, this is due to influence from neighboring languages rather that an indication that it is not closely related. Several ... which it says was similar to Panare. Genetic relations The Cariban languages share irregular morphology with the G languages Ge and Tupi languages Tupi families, and Ribeiro connects them all ... families Category Cariban languages Category Indigenous languages of the South American Northeast Category Languages of Venezuela ar an Luengas caribe bn br Yezho ... more details
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
Notes Reflist References Adelaar, Willem F. H. 2004 . Languages of the Andes The Arawakanlanguages .... The languages of the Caribbean reflect the region s diverse history and culture. There are four official languages spoken in the Caribbean. However there are also number of creoles and local patois hybrid languages . Dozens of the creole languages of the Caribbean are widely used for inter ethnic communication. The four main languages are Spanish Dutch on the islands that are part of the Kingdom ... There are also a few additional smaller indigenous languages. Many of the indigenous languages have ... being developed nowadays are mostly aimed at multilingualism, although many mid sized languages are used, the four main ones are considered national languages. Language groups Most languages spoken ... continent, primarily Europe . Since the colonial era , Indo European languages have held official ..., Hindi, Arawak and African languages a well as Irish. is heard on an everyday basis. Some of the most ... Students . Massachusetts Amherst University. 354p ref languages include small list needed small ... Origins of Languages and Peoples . T bingen ref Other language families Indigenous Several languages ... languages such as Chinese and Indian are spoken by South Asian expatriates exclusively. In earlier historical times, other Indo European languages such as German ref Schumann, Theophilus. 1748 . Letters ... parts of the Caribbean. see early religious education by german Many indigenous languages actually ... languages for example Arawak languages Shebayo, Igneri, Lokono, Garifuna of St. Vincent, and the one ... Indies ref Creole languages Creoles are contact languages usually spoken in rather isolated ... are languages of the former major colonial powers, whereas the grammatical structure is usually attributed to other languages spoken in the colonies, the so called substrates. ref . Creoles generally ... of alternating consonants and vowels e.g. CVCV ref Romaine, Suzanne 1988 Pidgin and creole languages ... more details
languages. Languages Nahahup consists of about four languages, based on mutual intelligibility. Nadeb ... intelligible, and so are separate languages only in a sociolinguistic sense. These four branches ... IPA m j IPA m Nad b may be the most divergent of the other languages, there is disagreement on the placement ... N k k with Kakwa dialect However, Epps considers Hup and Yahup to be distinct languages, and maintains ... Puinavean family along with the Katukinan languages Katukinan and Arutani Sape languages Arutani Sape families and the M ku language Maku isolate not to be confused with the Maku languages above . Macro Puinavean languages Macro Puinavean is included in Joseph Greenberg s larger Macro Tucanoan stock ... Loanword Database Bibliography Campbell, Lyle. 1997 . American Indian languages The historical linguistics ... G., Jr. Ed. . 2005 . Ethnologue Languages of the world 15th ed. . Dallas, TX SIL International. ISBN ... languages pp. 13 67 . Austin University of Texas Press. ISBN 0 292 70414 3. Kaufman, Terrence. 1992 Guta www.albume.net Kaufman, Terrence. 1994 . The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher Eds. , Atlas of the world s languages pp. 46 76 . London Routledge. Pozzobon ... Category Languages of Venezuela Category Nadahup languages an Luengas mak ca Mac de Maku Sprachen ... more details
Languages of country Argentina official None de facto Spanish language Spanish regional Araucano , Guaran languages Guaran , Quechua languages Quechua ref cite web url http www.argentina.gov.ar argentina ... 2011 06 12 ref The spoken languages spoken languages of Argentina number at least 40 although Spanish language Spanish is dominant. Others include native and other immigrant languages two languages are extinct languages extinct and others are endangered languages endangered , spoken by elderly people whose descendants do not speak the languages. ref name LAR Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. ed. , 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex. SIL International. http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name AR Online version Languages of Argentina , Retrieved on 2007 01 02. ref ... , and La Pampa Province La Pampa . ref Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. ed. , 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World .... , 2005. Ethnologue Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex. SIL International. http ... 01 02 ref More than 100 speakers Several native American languages spoken in Argentina by the native ... and Wich Lhamt s Nocten only 100. These indigenous languages have suffered slow linguistic and cultural ... languages e.g., Plautdietsch with only 140 . Endangered languages Some Argentine languages are critically ... ref name LAR they are likely to become dead languages once the remaining speakers die. Vilela has about 20 speakers Puelche has 5 or 6 speakers Chon languages Tehuelche has 4 speakers as of the year ... extinct. Extinct languages Abip n language Abip n , Chan language Chan , and Haush language Haush are now extinct languages that were spoken by people indigenous to Argentina before European contact ... related to the Terena language of the Arawakan language family . ref name LAR The Haush language ...&lpg PA41&dq Haush 20Argentina 20language&pg PA559 v onepage&q&f false The languages of the Andes ... slang. Citation needed date February 2007 Other languages Catalan language Catalan , Occitan ... more details
Infobox language family name Bel region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz child1 Astrolabe languages child2 Nuclear Bel languages sil 2324 16 The eight Bel languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Astrolabe languages Nuclear Bel languages DEFAULTSORT Bel Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox language family name Awan region Colombia and Ecuador familycolor American fam1 Barbacoan languages Barbacoan The Awan languages are Barbacoan languages that include the Awa Pit language and the Pasto languages spoken in Ecuador and Colombia . Pasto is extinct. DEFAULTSORT Awan Languages Category Awan languages Category Languages of Ecuador Category Barbacoan languages Category Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas Na lang stub es Lenguas ahuanas mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Zunda region South Africa , Swaziland , Zimbabwe familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu fam8 Nguni languages Nguni The Zunda languages are a group of related languages that, along with Tekela languages , are a subdivision of the Nguni languages Nguni branch belonging to the larger Bantu languages Bantu family . Zunda languages include Zulu language Zulu 10 million Xhosa language Xhosa 8 million Northern Ndebele language Northern Ndebele or Zimbabwean Ndebele 1.6 million Category Languages of South Africa Category Nguni languages Nguni languages Zunda languages nc lang stub sv Zundaspr k ... more details
The languages of the Bomberai Peninsula of Indonesian New Guinea fall into several groups West Bomberai languages Papuan, west and south Irarutu language Austronesian, most of the interior North Bomberai languages Austronesian, off the coast Northwest Bomberai languages minor Austronesian languages labeled Bomberai in Ethnologue dab ... more details
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