Infobox language familycolor Isolate name Aquitanian states France , Spain region West of the Pyrenees ... Vasconic iso3 xaq Image Prehispanic languages.gif thumb 300px Aquitanianlanguage A1 A2 in the context ... works on Aquitanian, ref Gorrochategi 1984, 1993 ref and Mitxelena have pointed the similarities of some Iberian language Iberian onomastic elements with Aquitanian. In particular, Mitxelena spoke ... jrr ib8b en.htm AquitanianLanguage by Jes s Rodr guez Ramos Category Extinct languages of Europe ... after the Second Punic War ca 200 BC , Associa o Campo Arqueol gico de Tavira ref The Aquitanianlanguage was spoken in ancient Novempopulania Aquitaine approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne ... that it was a Vasconic languages Vasconic language or group of languages that represent a precursor of the Basque language . ref name Trask Larry Trask Trask, L. The History of Basque Routledge ... which contain about 400 personal names and 70 names of gods. History Aquitanian and its related ... but also controversial conclusion. Aquitanian origins may be traced more or less directly to the Chalcolithic Artenacian culture culture of Artenac . Basque itself appears to be a language from the age ... names Almost all the Aquitanian inscriptions had been found at the north of the Pyrenees in the territory ... with other languages Most Aquitanian onomastic elements are clearly identifiable from a Basque perspective ... Basque class wikitable Aquitanian Proto Basque Basque Basque meaning style background whitesmoke ... en escritura meridional, pod an tomar componentes de nombre propios. ref from which both Aquitanian and Iberian would have drawn class wikitable Iberian Aquitanian style background whitesmoke ... more marginal theories see Basque language Hypotheses on connections with other languages Basque language Hypotheses on connections with other languages . Geographical extent Image Aquitani.gif thumb 300px In red the Neolithic Europe pre Indo European tribes that might have spoken Aquitanian, Basque ... more details
Aquitanian could refer to Aquitanian age , a geological age, the first stage of the Miocene Epoch Aquitanianlanguage , an ancient language spoken in the region later known as Gascony Anything originating from Aquitaine , a region of France . Disambig ... more details
Neogene The Aquitanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy ICS geologic timescale , the oldest age geology age or lowest stage stratigraphy stage in the Miocene . It spans the time between 23.03 0.05 annum Ma and 20.43 0.05 Ma million years ago and is a dry, cooling period. ref Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences ref The Aquitanian succeeds the Chattian the youngest age of the Oligocene and precedes the Burdigalian . The Aquitanian age overlaps with the Harrisonian , Agenian , Pareora , Landon , Otaian , and Waitakian ages from various regional timescales. Stratigraphic definition The Aquitanian stage was named after the region Aquitaine in France and was introduced in scientific literature by Switzerland Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer Eymar in 1858. The base of the Aquitanian also the base of the Miocene series stratigraphy series and the Neogene system stratigraphy system is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column at the first appearance of foram species Paragloborotalia Paragloborotalia kugleri , the extinction of calcareous nannoplankton species Reticulofenestra Reticulofenestra bisecta which forms the base of nannoplankton biozone NN1 , and the base of magnetic chronozone C6Cn.2n. The official GSSP for the Aquitanian stage lies in the Lemme Carrioso section near the small village of Carrioso north of Genoa in northern Italy . ref The Aquitanian GSSP was established by Steininger et al. 1997 ref The top of the Aquitanian stage the base of the Burdigalian is at the first appearance of foram species Globigerinoides Globigerinoides altiaperturus and the top of magnetic chronozone C6An. References Footnotes Reflist Literature aut Gradstein, F.M. Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G. 2004 A Geologic Time Scale 2004 , Cambridge University Press . aut Mayer Eymar, K. 1858 Versuch einer neuen Klassifikation der Terti r Gebilde ... bak geowhen stages Aquitanian.html GeoWhen Database Aquitanian http stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu ... more details
The Consorts of Aquitaine were the spouses of the Duke of Aquitaine Aquitanian Monarchs . They were mostly Duchess but other held the titles Lady or Queen. Early Frankish Duchesses Image Mort de Chramn.jpg thumbnail 105px right Death of Chramn and his family Chalde of Orl ans , daughter of Duke Count Wilichaire, wife of Chram , killed by Chlothar I Chlothar , King of the Franks Tetradia , daughter of a noblewoman and a peasant, wife of Desiderius of Aquitaine Desiderius , Unnamed wife Odo the Great Eudes , mother of Hunald of Aquitaine Hunald I Unnamed wife Hunald of Aquitaine Hunald I , mother of Waifer of Aquitaine Waifer List of Frankish queens Frankish queen of Aquitaine Merovingian dynasty , 629 632 width 95 class wikitable width 8 Picture width 10 Name width 9 Father width 10 Birth width 9 Marriage width 9 Became Queen width 9 Ceased to be Queen width 9 Death width 6 Kings of Aquitaine Spouse align center align center Gisela of Gascony ? align center small Amand of Gascony small align center ? align center ? align center 18 October 629 br husband s accession align center 8 April 632 br husband s death align center ? align center rowspan 2 Charibert II align center align center Fulberte ? align center ? align center ? align center ? align center ? align center ? align center ? align center colspan 9 Kingdom passed to Neustria and Burgundy in 632 dukes were appointed to Aquitaine Carolingian dynasty , 778 877 width 95 class wikitable width 8 Picture width 10 Name width 9 Father width 10 Birth width 9 Marriage width 9 Became Queen width 9 Ceased to be Queen width 9 Death width 6 Kings of Aquitaine Spouse align center align center Ingeltrude of Madrie align center small Theodobert, Count of Madrie small align center ? align center colspan 2 c. 822 align center ? align center ? align center Pepin I of Aquitaine Pepin I Duchess of Aquitaine Ramnulfids Ramnulfid House of Poitiers 1st time , 852&ndash 893 width 95 class wikitable width 8 Picture width 10 Name width 9 Father ... more details
On Language was a regular column in the weekly New York Times Magazine on the English language discussing popular etymology , new or unusual usages, and other language related topics. The inaugural column was published on February 18, 1979 and it was a regular popular feature. Many of the columns were collected in books. Columnist and journalist William Safire was one of the most frequent contributors from the inception of the column until Safire s death in 2009. He wrote the inaugural On Language column in 1979. ref http www.nytimes.com 2009 10 11 magazine 11FOB onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Maven, Nevermore about Safire s legacy ref starting it with the greeting How do you do. This is a new column about language. In more than 30 years, he contributed more than 1300 installments to the column. Safire was succeeded by Ben Zimmer , who wrote the column until its final edition on February 25, 2011. ref http www.nytimes.com 2011 02 27 magazine 27fob onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Future Tense ref About the cancellation of the column, the incoming editor of New York Times Magazine Hugo Lindgren explained this and other changes to the magazine It is mine now. I m in charge. We re going to be doing some significant redesign work, and have a newish magazine by the end of January. The big thing is, I want to create a kind of new identity for the front of the book section. That doesn t mean that everything s being tossed out. We re looking at everything and evaluating what sort of fits. ref http nymag.com daily intel 2010 11 new times magazine editor hugo.html New York Magazine New Times Magazine Editor Hugo Lindgren on His Plans Big Subjects, More T, and the End of The Way We Live Now ref References Reflist External links http topics.nytimes.com topics features magazine columns on language index.html A collection of On Language columns published in The New York Times DEFAULTSORT On Language Category English language Category The New York ... more details
About the properties of language in general other uses Language disambiguation File Lakhovsky Conversation.jpg ... Cuneiform is one of the first known forms of written language , but spoken language is believed to predate writing by tens of thousands of years at least. Language may refer either to the specifically ... of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses ... salient examples, but natural language s can also be based on visual rather than auditory stimulus physiology stimuli , for example in sign language s and written language . Code s and other kinds of constructed language artificially constructed communication systems such as those used for programming language computer programming can also be called languages. A language in this sense is a system ... ultimately from Latin lingua , language, tongue , via Old French . ref name AHD cite encyclopedia title language encyclopedia The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language edition 3rd year 1992 location Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin Company ref When used as a general concept, language .... Language as a communication system is thought to be fundamentally different from and of much ... a finite number of elements. Language is thought to have originated when early hominids first started ... with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative functions. Language is neurolinguistics processed in many ... Wernicke s area s. Humans language acquisition acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently when they are around three years old. The use of language ... identity , social stratification and for social grooming and entertainment . The word language ... from sequences of words. Languages language change evolve and diversify over time, and the history ... of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The languages ... more details
Infobox Language name Are states Papua New Guinea region Milne Bay Province , tip of Cape Vogel speakers 1,230 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western fam5 Papuan Tip languages Papuan Tip fam6 Kilivila nowrap Nuclear Papuan Tip fam7 Are Taupota languages Are Taupota fam8 Are languages Are iso3 mwc The Are language is an Austronesian language of the eastern Papua New Guinea n mainland, It s spoken by about 1,230 people. External links ethnologue mwc Category Nuclear Papuan Tip languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea PapuaNewGuinea stub au lang stub fr Are langue hr Are jezik is Are ... more details
Infobox language name Then states CHN region Pingtang County , southern Guizhou speakers 15,000 date 1999 ethnicity familycolor Kradai fam2 Kam Sui languages Kam Sui iso3 tct The Then language zh also spelled T en and Ten is a Kam Sui language spoken in Pingtang County , southern Guizhou . References Reflist Bo, Wenze. 1997. Yanghuang yu yan jiu A Study of Yanghuang Then . Beijing Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she. External links http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian language.php?id 719 Then word list from the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Tai Kadai languages Category Languages of China Category Kam Sui languages tk lang stub fr T en ... more details
but not historically, if related but now extinct relatives are attested. The Aquitanianlanguage ...See also List of language families A language family is a group of language s related through Genetic linguistics descent from a common ancestor, called the proto language of that family. The term family comes from the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics , which makes use of a metaphor ... A living language is simply one that is in wide use as a primary form of communication by a specific ..., depending generally on the precision of one s definition of language , and in particular on how one classifies dialect s. There are also many Language death dead and Extinct language extinct languages. Membership of languages in the same language family is established by comparative linguistics . Daughter language s are said to have a genetic or genealogical relationship the former term is more ... of language delivered at the Royal institution of Great Britain in April, May and June, 1861 ... to Language contact borrowing . Genealogically related languages present shared retentions, that is, features of the proto language or reflexes of such features that cannot be explained by chance or loanword borrowing Language convergence convergence . Membership in a branch or group within a language family is established by shared innovations that is, common features of those languages ... been present in Proto Indo European language Proto Indo European . These features are believed ... are included in the family. However, unlike the case of biological nomenclature, every level of language ... languages Slavic , Romance languages Romance , and Indo Iranian languages Indo Iranian language families are branches of a larger Indo European languages Indo European language family. Subdivision Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family because the history of a language family is often represented as a Phylogenetic ... more details
Basque region of France and Spain . AquitanianlanguageAquitanian is commonly regarded as related to or a direct ...Refimprove date August 2008 A language isolate , in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable ... demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. They are in effect language family language families consisting of a single language. Commonly cited examples include Basque language Basque , Ainu language Ainu , and Burushaski language Burushaski , though in each case a minority of linguists claim to have demonstrated a relationship with other languages. With context, a language isolate may be understood to be relatively isolated. For instance, Albanian language Albanian , Armenian language Armenian , and Greek language Greek ref Pyles, T. & Algeo, J. 1993 . The Origins and development of the English language. Fort Worth. Jovanovich ref are commonly called Indo European .... Some languages have become isolates after all their known relatives became extinct. The Pirah language ..., like Basque language Basque , have been isolates for as long as their existence has been documented ... Japanese dialects , such as Okinawan language Okinawan , were distinct languages. Language isolates may be seen as a special case of unclassified language s, that remain unclassified even after extensive efforts. If such efforts eventually do prove fruitful, a language previously considered an isolate may no longer be considered one, as happened with the Yanyuwa language of northern Australia ... a language constitutes a true isolate or not. Genetic or genealogical relationships The term genetic ... spoken in the world today into a relatively small number of language family families , according to reconstructed descent from common ancestral languages. For example, English language English is related to other Indo European languages and Mandarin language Mandarin is related to other Sino Tibetan languages . By this criterion, each language isolate constitutes a family of its own, which ... more details
languageAquitanian or Basque language Basque . This has been explained by Vascologists like ... of some sort between Iberian and AquitanianlanguageAquitanian , a precursor ...For other uses Languages of Iberia Infobox language name Iberian states Modern Spain and France region ... xib notice IPA The Iberian language was the language of a people identified by Ancient Greece Greek ... and 1st century BC. The Iberian language, as the other paleohispanic languages , except Basque, became extinct language extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin . Iberian is speculated to be a language isolate , but while its different scripts have been deciphered to various extents, the language itself remains largely unknown. Links with other languages have been claimed, especially the Basque language , but they have not been clearly demonstrated to the satisfaction ... 300px right thumb Iberian language in the context of paleohispanic languages The Iberian language ... language inscriptions reached the south of France up to the H rault river . Important written remains ... the exact distribution of the Iberian language inscriptions is uncertain. It seems that the culture ... language Ausetani northeastern Catalonia , Ilergetes Lleida province Lleida and Huesca province Huesca ... and Turdetani are believed to be of Tartessian language . For some scholars, such as Velaza 2006 , Iberian could have been the language spoken by the autochthonous population of these territories ... of paleohispanic scripts The origin of the language is unknown. Although Iberian ceased to be written ... hundred signs. Three different scripts have remained for the Iberian language Northeastern Iberian ... of an Ionic Greek Ionic variant of a Greek alphabet to the specificities of the Iberian language .... The investigation of the language is past its initial phase of transcription and compiling of material ... commonly transcribed as a e i o u . Other modern languages on the peninsula such as Basque language ... more details
Basque . This language is generally referred to as AquitanianlanguageAquitanian and is assumed ... allowed Aquitanian to survive while the Iberian language Iberian and Tartessian language s became extinct ... similarities with AquitanianlanguageAquitanian and Basque. However, there is not enough evidence ... Substratum substrate interference following language shift from AquitanianlanguageAquitanian or Basque ...Refimprove date May 2011 Infobox language name Basque nativename Euskara familycolor Isolate states ESP ... Language isolate Isolate nation flag Basque Country br Flag Navarre agency Euskaltzaindia iso1 eu iso2b baq iso2t eus iso3 eus lingua 40 AAA a notice IPA Image Basque as first language corrected .JPG thumb 240px Family transmission of Basque language Basque as initial language Image Basque Country Location Map.svg thumb 300px Location of the Basque language provinces within Spain and France Basque endonym lang eu Euskara , IPA eu eus ka a IPA is the ancestral language of the Basque people , who ... Basques, but the Euskara language had, at least until the 1990s, all but disappeared from most ... which persisted until 1970. A standardized form of the Basque language, called Standard Basque Euskara Batua , was developed by the Euskaltzaindia Basque Language Academy in the late 1960s. Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used and easily understood by all Basque speakers ... Basque is taught and used as a teaching language as an option, together with standard Spanish ... and funding by state bodies to Basque language instruction varies depending on the area. In France, the Basque language school Seaska and the association for a bilingual Basque and French schooling Ikasbi meet a wide range of Basque language educational needs up to the Sixth Form, while often struggling ..., the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Names of the language In Basque, the name of the language is officially Euskara alongside various Basque dialects Dialectal divergence ... more details
Basque Wagner, Hubschmid . However, these early links proposing a link to a Aquitanianlanguage precursor ...Infobox language name Sardinian nativename Sardu, Limba Lingua Sarda states flag Italy region flag Sardinia ... fam3 Romance languages Romance fam4 First language to branch off agency Limba Sarda Comuna code nation ... ld2 Logudorese ld3 ld4 ll1 Campidanese language ll2 Gallurese language ll3 Logudorese language ll4 Sassarese language lingua 51 AAA s Corso Sardinian 51 AAA pd & pe map Sardinia Language Map.png ... sarda , lang it lingua sarda is a Romance language spoken and written on most of the island of Sardinia Italy . It is considered the most conservative language conservative of the Romance languages in terms of phonology and is noted for its Paleosardinian language Paleosardinian substratum . Number ... sign in both Sardinian and Italian language Italian . The Sardinian language is one of the principal elements of Sardinian cultural heritage, and there is activity dedicated to studying the language and acknowledging its importance the recognition of the Sardinian language as a prominent element of the cultural identity is diffusely supported by the population. The Sardinian language has recently been recognised, together with other local languages, as an official regional language by the Sardinia ... decade, the Sardinian language has been legally recognized with Albanian language Albanian , Catalan language Catalan , German language German , Greek language Greek , Slovene language Slovene , Croatian language Croatian , French language French , Franco Proven al language Franco Proven al , Friulian .... For example, in many Italian libraries and universities, the books about Sardinian language ... as a different language . Despite the political campaigns launched in order to put Sardinian on an equal ... regression, though it is not homogeneous throughout the island ref Cite web title Sardinian language ... To access the data, click on List by languages, Sardinian, then scroll to Sardinian language use survey ... more details
Infobox journal title Language Problems and Language Planning cover File Language Problems and Language Planning.png editor Humphrey Tonkin discipline Linguistics peer reviewed language Multilingual former names abbreviation publisher John Benjamins Publishing Company country Netherlands frequency Triannually history 1977 present openaccess license impact impact year website http www.benjamins.com cgi bin t seriesview.cgi?series LPLP link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 67125214 LCCN CODEN ISSN 0272 2690 eISSN 1569 9889 boxwidth Language Problems and Language Planning is a peer review peer reviewed linguistics linguistic academic journal published by John Benjamins Publishing Company in cooperation with the Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems . Its core topics are issues of language policy as well as economic and sociological aspects of linguistics. The journal has existed in its present form since 1977. A predecessor journal, called La monda lingvo problemo The world language problem in Esperanto , had appeared since 1969 at Mouton , and been edited by Victor Sadler 1969 1972 and Richard E. Wood 1973 1976 . While many articles are in English, the journal is open for articles written in any language. ref cite web url http www.benjamins.com cgi bin show html.cgi?file jbp series LPLP guidelines.html&back overview title Instructions to Contributors accessdate 2011 01 05 publisher John Benjamins Publishing Company ref The journal is listed in several scientific indexes. The present editor in chief is Humphrey Tonkin University of Hartford . References Reflist External links Official 1 http www.benjamins.com cgi bin t seriesview.cgi?series LPLP http dok.esperantic.org ced lplp.htm Its page at Esperantic Studies Foundation http www.benjamins.com ... journals Category Publications established in 1977 cv Language Problems and Language Planning eo Language Problems and Language Planning ... more details
saved book title Language subtitle cover image cover color White Language Overview Language Origin of language Core topics Alphabet Communication Dialect Expression language Expression Semiotics Speech Sublanguage Universal grammar Vocabulary Study of language Linguistics Historical linguistics Logos Philology Philosophy of language Types of languages Animal language Alien language Constructed language Controlled natural language Extinct language Formal language International auxiliary languageLanguage family Mathematics as a language Natural language Programming language Second language Sign language Visual language Whistled language Miscellany Cultural emphasis Information and media literacy Language preservation Language production Linguistic competence Linguistic performance Speech production Speech repetition World languages Indo European languages English language Languages of Spain Spanish languages Russian language Hindi Hindi language Swedish language Latin Latin language Bengali language Portuguese language Japanese language Arabic language Standard Mandarin Less commonly taught languages Tamil language Nafaanra language Turkish language Wagiman language Mongolian language Indigenous languages of the Americas Greenlandic language Ottawa language Mayan languages Nahuatl Otomi language ... more details
Khuen language may refer to Khuen language , a Mon Khmer language of the Khuen people , an aboriginal ethnic group of Laos Kh n language or Tai Kh n language , a Tai Kadai language of Burma disambiguation language ... more details
Koibal language may refer to The Koybal dialect of the Khakas language , a modern Turkic language. Koibal language Samoyedic , an extinct Samoyedic language. disambig ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
