Image Khinalugian Suleyman 2007.jpg right 200px thumb An aqsaqal from Khinalug Image The Aksakal in front of his Yoort.jpg thumb Aksakal in 1909. Aqsaqal also transliteration transliterated aksakal in Turkic languages literally means white beard , and metaphorically refers to the male elders, the old and wise of the community. Traditionally an aqsaqal was the leader of a village or kishlak until the Soviet times. ref http www.bookrags.com research kishlak ema 03 Kishlak , Encyclopedia of Central Asia ref Acting as advisors or judges, these elders have or had a role in politics and the justice system in countries and tribes throughout Central Asia . For instance, there are aksakals courts in Kyrgyzstan . In Uzbekistan , which has traditionally been a more urban society the Uzbeks being sarts or town dwellers, as opposed to nomadic Turks , cities are divided up into mahallas . Each mahalla has an aqsaqal who acts as the district leader. Redevelopment of the aqsaqal courts in Kyrgyzstan In 1995, then President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev announced a decree to revitalize the aqsaqal courts. The courts would have jurisdiction over property, torts and family law. ref name JBeyer Judith Beyer, Kyrgyz Aksakal Courts Pluralistic Accounts of History, 53 J. OF L. PLURALISM 144 2006 ref The aqsaqal courts were eventually included under Article 92 of the Kyrgyz constitution. As of 2006, there were approximately 1,000 aqsaqal courts throughout Kyrgyzstan, including in the capital of Bishkek . ref name JBeyer Akaev linked the development of these courts to the rekindling of Kyrgyz national identity. In a 2005 speech, he connected the courts back to the country s nomadic past and extolled how the courts expressed the Kyrgyz ability of self governance. ref Former President Akaev, quoted in Beyer, Kyrgyz Aksakal Courts ref See also Customary law References Reflist Category Turkish culture Category Kyrgyz culture Category Uzbekistani culture Category Kazakhstani culture Category Customary ... more details
Askar Akaev announced a decree to revitalize the aqsaqal courts of village elders. The courts ... Pluralistic Accounts of History, 53 J. OF L. PLURALISM 144 2006 ref The aqsaqal courts were eventually ... aqsaqal courts throughout Kyrgyzstan, including in the capital of Bishkek . ref Ibid. ref Akaev ... Courts ref Similar aqsaqal courts exist, with varying levels of legal formality, in other countries ... Malay s of Nusantara Anglo Saxon law England Aqsaqal Central Asia Coutume France Customary Aboriginal ... more details
Muhammad Amin Beg Bai Aqsaqal thus, it can also be read as History dedicated to Amin . Amin was the elder aqsaqal of the Russian subjects in Aksu and Uqturpan, and maintained correspondence with the Russian ... more details
legal system in Kyrgyszstan where many villages are de facto ruled by councils of elders and aqsaqal ..., 2006 Handrahan, pp. 212 213. ref Aqsaqal courts, tasked with adjudicating family law, property and torts, often fail to take bride kidnapping seriously. In many cases, aqsaqal members are invited to the kidnapped ... more details
and aqsaqal courts following Custom law customary law , away from the eyes of the state legal system ... Pluralism , 2006 Handrahan, pp. 212 213. ref Aqsaqal courts, tasked with adjudicating family law, property and torts, often fail to take bride kidnapping seriously. In many cases, aqsaqal members are invited ... more details
Image Redwood Castle.jpg thumb right 270px Redwood Castle Co. Tipperary , although built by the Normans , was later occupied by the MacEgan juristic family and served as a school of Irish law under them Early Irish law refers to the statutes that governed everyday life and politics in Ireland during the Gaelic Ireland Gaelic period . Thought to be the oldest form of law in Northern Europe, they were partially eclipsed by the Norman invasion of Ireland Norman invasion of 1169, but underwent a resurgence in the 13th century, and survived in parallel with English law over the majority of the island until the 17th century. ref Andrew Lyall, Land Law in Ireland ISBN 1 85800 199 4 ref Early Irish Law was often, although not universally, referred to within the law texts as Fenechas , the law of the Feni , or the freemen of Irelandian Ireland mixed with Christian influence and juristic innovation. These secular laws existed in parallel, and occasionally in conflict, with Canon law Catholic Church Canon law throughout the Early Christian Ireland early Christian period . The laws were a Private law civil rather than a Criminal law criminal code, concerned with the payment of compensation for harm done and the regulation of property, inheritance and contracts the concept of state administered punishment for crime was foreign to Ireland s early jurists. They show Ireland in the early medieval period to have been a hierarchical society, taking great care to define social status, and the rights and duties that went with it, according to property, and the relationships between lords and their clients and serfs. Origins No single theory as to the origin of early Irish law is universally accepted. Early Irish law consisted of the accumulated decisions of the Brehon s, or judges, guided entirely by an oral tradition. Some of these laws were recorded in text form by Christian clerics. The early theory to be recorded is contained in the Pseudo Historical Prologue to the Senchas M r . A ... more details
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