Infobox disease Name Apudoma Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO 8248 1 ref cite web url http www p53.iarc.fr Morphology.html title IARC TP53 DATABASE Morphology list accessdate 2007 09 22 work ref OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001079 In pathology , an apudoma is an endocrine tumour that arises from an APUD cell ref cite journal author Welbourn RB title Current status of the apudomas journal Ann. Surg. volume 185 issue 1 pages 1 12 year 1977 pmid 12724 doi 10.1097 00000658 197701000 00001 pmc 1396259 http www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov pagerender.fcgi?artid 1396259 Full Free Text ref ref name pmid10791205 cite journal author Fukunaga Y, Hirata S, Tanimura S, et al. title Superficial undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the esophagus showing an interesting growing pattern in histology journal Hepatogastroenterology volume 47 issue 32 pages 429 32 year 2000 pmid 10791205 doi ref from structures such as the ampulla of Vater , ref name pmid12109233 cite journal author Galati G, Fiori E, Tiziano G, et al. title Apudoma of Vater s ampulla case report and review of the literature language Italian journal Il Giornale di chirurgia volume 23 issue 3 pages 97 100 year 2002 pmid 12109233 doi ref pancreas , ref name pmid9739860 cite journal author Todorov T, Smilov N title A giant apudoma of the pancreas language Bulgarian journal Khirurgiia volume 50 issue 4 pages 50 1 year 1997 pmid 9739860 doi ref and prostate . ref name pmid8579498 cite journal author Serezhin BS title Apudoma of the prostate language Russian journal Arkh. Patol. volume 57 issue 5 pages 57 63 year 1995 pmid 8579498 doi ref They are derived from neural crest cells . ref cite web url http ... Spence RW, Burns Cox CJ title ACTH secreting apudoma of gallbladder journal Gut volume 16 issue 6 pages 473 6 year 1975 pmid 168130 doi 10.1136 gut.16.6.473 pmc 1411036 ref Because the label Apudoma ... reflist 2 Epithelial neoplasms Category Endocrine neoplasia oncology stub it Apudoma ru ... more details
image Digestive hormones.jpg right thumb 350px Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by APUD cells APUD cells constitute a group of apparently unrelated endocrine cells, which were named by the scientist A.G.E. Pearse, who developed the APUD concept in the early 60 s. These cells share the common function of secreting a low molecular weight polypeptide hormone. There are several different types which secrete the hormones secretin , cholecystokinin and several others. The name is derived from an acronym , referring to the following ref cite journal author Welbourn RB title Current status of the apudomas journal Ann. Surg. volume 185 issue 1 pages 1 12 year 1977 month January pmid 12724 pmc 1396259 doi 10.1097 00000658 197701000 00001 ref ref cite journal author Pearse, A.G. title The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept journal J. Histochem. Cytochem. volume 17 issue 5 year 1969 pages 303 13 pmid 4143745 ref A mine for high amine content. P recursor U ptake for high uptake of amine precursors. D ecarboxylase for high content of the enzyme amino acid decarboxylase for conversion of precursors to amines . See also Apudoma Enteroendocrine cell Neuroendocrine cell References reflist External links GPnotebook 328531944 MeshName APUD Cells Gastrointestinal physiology Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm Category Endocrine cells cell biology stub de APUD es Sistema APUD fr APUD it Sistema APUD lt APUD pl APUD ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Merkel cell carcinoma Image Merkel cell carcinoma very high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of a Merkel cell carcinoma. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 31386 ICD10 ICD10 C 44 C 43 ILDS C44.L44 ICD9 209.31 209.36 ICDO M8247 3 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj DERM eMedicineTopic 262 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 ent 714 MeshID D015266 Image Merkel Cell Carcinoma buttock 45 year old woman.jpg thumb Merkel cell carcinoma. Gross pathology specimen. Merkel cell carcinoma also known as a Cutaneous apudoma, ref name Bolognia Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, ref name Bolognia Primary small cell carcinoma of the skin, ref name Bolognia and Trabecular carcinoma of the skin ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref is a rare and highly aggressive cancer in which malignant cancer cells develop on or just beneath the skin and in hair follicles . The majority of Merkel cell carcinomas appear to be caused in part by a virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus or MCV. Direct evidence for this comes from studies showing that inhibition of MCV proteins causes MCV infected Merkel carcinoma cells to die but has no effect on tumor cells from Merkel cell carcinomas that are not infected with the virus. ref http jvi.asm.org cgi content abstract 84 14 7064 ref MCV uninfected tumors, accounting for 20 of Merkel cell carcinomas, appear to have a separate and as yet unknown cause. This cancer is a type of neuroendocrine tumor , like small cell lung cancer . Once it has metastasized to the lymph nodes, the 5 year survival rate for a patient is about 50 percent. A patient with a small tumor less than 2 cm that has not metastasized to the lymph nodes may have a 5 year survival rate of more than 80 percent. Up to half of patients suffer a recurrence. ref name pmid15800320 cite journal author Allen PJ, Bowne WB, Jaques ... more details
dynamic list see also Cutaneous conditions Category Cutaneous conditions ICD 10 Chapter XII Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue Image RougeoleDP.jpg thumb alt Young child with a red rash covering face, chest, shoulders, and arms. Measles Many conditions affect the human integumentary system the organ system covering the entire surface of the Human body body and is composed of Human skin skin , hair , Nail anatomy nails , and related muscle and glands . ref name Lookingbill The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. ref name pmid19221876 cite journal author Lippens S, Hoste E, Vandenabeele P, Agostinis P, Declercq W title Cell death in the skin journal Apoptosis volume 14 issue 4 pages 549 69 year 2009 month April pmid 19221876 doi 10.1007 s10495 009 0324 z url ref The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square meters, and is made of three distinct layers the epidermis skin epidermis , dermis , and subcutaneous tissue . ref name Lookingbill There are two main types of human skin glabrous skin , the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles also referred to as the palmoplantar surfaces , and hair bearing skin. ref name RooksCD Burns, Tony et al. 2006 Rook s Textbook of Dermatology CD ROM . Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 1 4051 3130 6. ref Within the latter type, there are hairs in structures called pilosebaceous unit s, each with hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. ref name Paus cite journal author Paus R, Cotsarelis G title The biology of hair follicles journal N Engl J Med volume 341 issue 7 pages 491 7 year 1999 pmid 10441606 doi 10.1056 NEJM199908123410706 url ref Embryology In the embryo , the epidermis, hair, and glands form from the ectoderm , which is chemically influenced by the underlying mesoderm that forms the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. ref name isbn0 19 261253 0 cite book author Goldsmith, Lowell A. title Biochemistry and physiology of the skin publish ... more details
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