Wiktionary Appropriation is the act of taking possession of or assigning purpose to properties or ideas and is important in many topics, including Appropriation sociology in relation to the spread of knowledge Appropriation art Appropriation music in reference to the re use and proliferation of different types of music Appropriation economics origination of human ownership of previously unowned natural resources such as land Appropriation law as a component of government spending Cultural appropriation is the borrowing, or theft, of an element of cultural expression of one group by another. The Personality rights tort of appropriation is one form of invasion of privacy Appropriation By Any Other Name See also Appropriation Act Appropriation bill disambig de Appropriation ... more details
In law and government , appropriation from Latin appropriare , to make one s own , later to wikt set aside set aside is the act of wikt set apart setting apart something for its application to a particular usage, to the exclusion of all other uses. It typically refers to the legislative designation of money for particular uses, in the context of a budget or spending bill . Ecclesiastical law In ecclesiastical law , appropriation is the perpetual annexation of an ecclesiastical benefice to the use of some spiritual corporation, either aggregate or sole. In the Middle Ages in England the custom grew up of the monasteries reserving to their own use the greater part of the tithes of their appropriated benefices, leaving only a small portion to their vicars in the parishes. On the dissolution of the monasteries these great tithes were often granted, with the monastic lands, to laymen, whose successors, known as lay impropriators or lay rectors, still hold them, the system being known as impropriation . Law of debtor and creditor In the law of debtor and creditor , appropriation of payments ... has two debts due to him from the same debtor on distinct accounts, the general law as to the appropriation ... as he thinks fit solvitur in modum solventis . In default of appropriation by the debtor ... to the discharge of debts barred by the Statute of Limitations. In default of appropriation by either debtor or creditor, the law implies an appropriation of the earlier payments to the earlier debts. Constitutional law main Appropriation bill In constitutional law, appropriation is the assignment of money for a special purpose. In the United Kingdom an Appropriation Bill is a bill passed at the end ... statutes of this sort are the 13 annual appropriation bills, by which definite sums are reserved ... In England and Wales, the Theft Act 1968 s 3 1 defines appropriation as Any assumption by a person of the rights ... de gasto presupuestario ia Appropriation ... more details
Appropriation in sociology is, according to James J. Sosnoski, the cultural assimilation assimilation of concepts into a governing framework... the arrogation, confiscation, or seizure of concept s. According to Tracy B Strong it contains the Latin root proprius , which, carries the connotations not only of property , but also of proper, Economic stability stable , assured and indeed of common or ordinary. He elaborates I have appropriated something when I have made it mine, in a manner that I feel comfortable with, that is in a manner to which the challenges of others will carry little or no significance. A Writing text , we might then say, is appropriated when its reader does not find himself or herself called into question by it, but does find him or herself associated with it. A successfully appropriated text no longer troubles the appropriator that it has become a part of his or her understanding, and it is recognized by others as owned, not openly available for interpretation logic interpretation . According to Gloria Anzald a, the difference between appropriation and proliferation is that the first steals and harms the second helps heal breaches of knowledge. See also AppropriationAppropriation art Appropriation music Cultural appropriation Reappropriation Source Thomas, Calvin, ed. 2000 . Introduction Identification, Appropriation, Proliferation , Straight with a Twist Queer Theory and the Subject of Heterosexuality . University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0 252 06813 0. Sosnoski, James J. 1993 . A Mindless Man Driven Theory Machine Intellectuality, Sexuality, and the Institution of Criticism , Feminisms An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism , p. 50. Eds. Robyn Warhol and Diane L. Herndl. New Brunswick, N.J. Rutgers University Press. Strong, Tracy B. 1996 . Nietzsche s Political Misappropriation , The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche , p. 125. Eds .... Mar thy 1981 . Stefani 1987 . Appropriation in the Arts DEFAULTSORT Appropriation Sociology Category ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 An appropriation bill or running bill is a legislature legislative motion ... to spend money. In a parliamentary system, the defeat of an appropriation bill in a parliamentary ... by the Opposition parliamentary opposition , refused to approve a package of appropriation and loan ... s Appropriation law appropriation s requests is not necessary for the separately elected ... program is one that does not need an additional piece of legislation known as an appropriation ... s intended level of spending for programs that also require an appropriation. What distinguishes a mandatory ... typically require annual appropriations legislation. An appropriation bill is used to actually .... An annual appropriation requires that the funds appropriated be obligated spent by the end of the fiscal year of the appropriation. Once the fiscal year ends, no more money can be spent via the prior year s appropriation. A new appropriation for the new fiscal year must be passed in order for continued .... The Anti Deficiency Act makes void any attempt to spend money for which there is no current appropriation .... New Zealand In New Zealand, an Appropriation Bill is the formal name for the annual Act of Parliament ... Governor General . The main Appropriation Bill is traditionally placed before the House for its ... of the Budget . An Appropriation Bill is not sent to a select committee, a lengthy process undergone ... public submissions relating to the bill. Instead, an expedited process is followed in which the Appropriation .... The main Appropriation Bill is formally called an Appropriation Estimates Bill , or, after assented to, an Appropriation Estimates Act . Supplementary Budgetary legislation in New Zealand includes an annual Appropriation Financial Review Bill , which serves to validate taxation and spending incurred ... Appropriation and Imprest Supply bills fall under the rubric of confidence and supply . A refusal ... Appropriation law Appropriation Act Money bill Energy Policy Act of 2005 United States House Committee ... more details
Appropriation is a non violent process by which previously unowned natural resources , particularly land, become the property of a person or group of persons. The term is widely used in economics in this sense. In certain cases, it proceeds under very specifically defined forms, such as driving stakes or other such markers into the land claimed, which form gave rise to the term staking a claim. adverse possession Squatter s rights are another form of appropriation, but are usually asserted against land to which ownership rights of another party have been recognized. In legal regimes recognizing such acquisition of property, the ownership of duly appropriated holdings enjoys such protections as the law provides for ownership of property in general. Under some systems using this method of acquiring ownership of land, it is permitted to employ violence in defending the duly appropriated holding against encroachment against the ownership or usage claims, again usually according to specifically defined forms including warnings to the encroaching party, exhaustion or unavailability of duly constituted law enforcement resources, etc.. Libertarian and other property rights oriented ideologies define appropriation as requiring the mixing of the would be owner s labor with the land claimed ref Rothbard, Murray N. Man, Economy and State with Power and Market , page 169. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2004 ref . A prime example of such mixing is farming, although various extractive activities ... recognition is sought. Appropriation through use can apply to resources other than the exclusive ... conditions, as are riparian rights . Appropriation can apply to inland waters within a certain distance of appropriated land, and even to the liquid water in a reservoir, lake, or stream. Appropriation ... other standards for the assignment of ownership rights in such things. Appropriation as a means ... ownership. references DEFAULTSORT Appropriation Economics Category Law and economics Category Property ... more details
Expert subject sociology date November 2008 Cultural appropriation is the adoption of some specific elements ... cultural appropriation can have a negative connotation. It generally is applied when the subject ... , outlined this concept of cultural appropriation in his seminal term strategic anti essentialism ... and majority cultures, and are not confined to only the appropriation of the other. For example ... the already existing, majority vs. minority, unequal power relations. Cultural appropriation may ... communication as cultural appropriation, other countries may identify such communication as a melting pot effect. Cultural appropriation has also been seen as a site of resistance to dominant ... cultural appropriation, citing class warfare and identity politics . Criticism Justin Britt Gibson s article for the Washington Post looked at the appropriation of Jamaican culture by Italians ... rather than hide from it. ref name Lazarus Examples A common sort of cultural appropriation is the adoption ... hotly debated cases of cultural appropriation have occurred in places where cultural exchange is the highest ... Appropriation in Early Ottoman Architecture. Muqarnas Volume XII An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture .... African American culture historically has been the subject of a good deal of cultural appropriation ... of cultural appropriation is the use of real or imaginary elements of Indigenous peoples of the Americas ... Irish ancestry see the usage as an example of cultural appropriation and even racism. Leprechauns ... viewed as the target of cultural appropriation can become implicated as the agent of appropriation ... state system. For example, the government of Ghana has been accused of cultural appropriation ... be considered cultural appropriation, ref Tripathi, Salil. http www.saliltripathi.com articles 20Sept1999NewStatesman.html ... gay culture , metrosexual fashion is sometimes seen as a form of cultural appropriation done by heterosexuality ... appropriation. However, black street culture has been said by some to contain examples of a type ... more details
An Appropriation Act is an Act of Parliament passed by the United Kingdom Parliament which, like a Consolidated Fund Act , allows the Treasury to issue funds out of the Consolidated Fund . Unlike a Consolidated Fund Act, an Appropriation Act also appropriates the funds, that is allocates the funds wikt issue out issued out of the Consolidated Fund to individual government departments and Crown body Crown bodies . ref name bradley Bradley & Ewing 2003 pp. 202 203 ref Format Each Appropriation Act has a series of schedules which contain tables that set out how the monies issued out of the Consolidated Fund are appropriated. Each department or body which has money appropriated is noted in the tables which contain columns setting out the things the money appropriated may be spent on, the net resources authorised for use, the grants out of the Consolidated Fund, the operating appropriations in aid and the non operating appropriations in aid. The money may not be spent for purposes other than that it is appropriated for and it must be spent by the end of the fiscal year covered by that appropriation or returned to the Consolidated Fund. ref name bradley The typical structure of such an act begins with the long title , which defines which financial years the act applies to. This is followed by the preamble , which is different from the normal British public general Act of Parliament preamble in that it includes additional text before the normal preamble Fact date March 2008 blockquote Whereas the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled have resolved to authorise the use of resources and the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund towards making good the supply which ... of the same, as follows blockquote Each Appropriation Act typically covers two or more fiscal years, and will normally repeal earlier Appropriation Acts and Consolidated Fund Act s still on the statute ... web url http www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts2008 ukpga 20080003 en 1 title Appropriation Act 2008 publisher ... more details
Appropriation is a fundamental aspect in the history of the arts literature literary , visual arts ... pichler appropriation.html Statements on Appropriation , published in Fillip 11 2010 , Vancouver ref The term appropriation refers to the use of borrowed elements in the creation of a new work ref name TateGlossary http www.tate.org.uk collections glossary definition.jsp?entryId 23 Tate Glossary Appropriation ref as in the artist uses appropriation or refers to the new work itself as in this is a piece of appropriation art . Art practices involve the appropriation of ideas, symbols, artefacts ... action displayAbstract?fromPage online&aid 187627 On appropriation . A critical reappraisal ... , 11 2 215 229 Cambridge University Press ref Inherent in the process of appropriation is the fact ... of appropriation, or cultural borrowing which includes art and urbanism , as part of cultural ... 2007 Appropriation as Practice. Art and Identity in Argentina pp.24 5, 199 Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 9781403973146. http www.britannica.com bps additionalcontent 18 32768548 Appropriation as Practice Art and Identity in Argentina review ref The terms of appropriation and variation music variation on a theme ... Appropriation as Practice. Art and Identity in Argentina p. 199, note 20. Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 9781403973146. http www.britannica.com bps additionalcontent 18 32768548 Appropriation as Practice Art and Identity in Argentina review ref History Appropriation of visual culture and art, in some form ... culture began with appropriation borrowing images, sounds, concepts from the surrounding world and re interpreting them as art. Appropriation can be seen as the way in which humans progress and learn. Some might interpret Leonardo da Vinci as an appropriation artist. Da Vinci used recombinant methods of appropriation, borrowing from sources as diverse as biology, mathematics, engineering ... continued with the appropriation of everyday objects, but their appropriation did not attempt to elevate ... more details
Bigfinishbox title Appropriation series Gallifrey audio series Gallifrey number 3.3 cover writer Paul Sutton author Paul Sutton director Gary Russell producer Jason Haigh Ellery br Gary Russell set between Gallifrey Warfare and br Gallifrey Mindbomb length 73 minutes Gallifrey Appropriation is a Big Finish Productions List of Doctor Who audio plays by Big Finish audio drama based on the long running United Kingdom British science fiction on television science fiction television series Doctor Who . The series is set on the Doctor Doctor Who Doctor s home planet of Gallifrey . Plot The Civil War is over, but Gallifrey is in ruins. Romana is too exhausted from her victory to govern the remains of her world, so Chancellor Valyes has become Acting President. Although willingly aligned with the vanquished Pandora, he now claims to have been secretly working against her. But he quickly relinquishes the presidency to Pandora s other lapdog, Inquisitor Darkel. His last act in office, pardoning Darkel s crimes. But as one war ends, another may be starting. The other temporal powers are orbiting like vultures. When the transduction barriers that are keeping them out fail, they strike. Matthias, now promoted to Cardinal, tries to negotiate with them, but talks break down and war is declared against the Time Lords . As Romana fights to reclaim the presidency, Cardinal Matthias returns from his unsuccessful talks and makes his own claim on the office. While everyone is quoting obscure laws to ratify their positions, the transduction barriers are raised. Matthias failed to notify the alien ships, all of whom are destroyed in seconds. With the holder of the highest office on Gallifrey in question ... 33 Gallifrey Appropriation Big Finish Productions Gallifrey Appropriation Doctor Who RG id gallifrey12 title Gallifrey Appropriation Gallifrey stories DoctorWho stub Category Gallifrey audio plays Appropriation ... more details
Multiple issues globalize December 2010 refimprove May 2007 In music , appropriation is the use of borrowed ... composition piece , and is an example of cultural appropriation . Appropriation may be thought of as one of the placement of elements in new context, as for Gino Stefani who makes appropriation the chief ... by both elements and context. J nos Mar thy defines the folklore folkloric itself in terms of appropriation ... . Middleton, p. 139 History of appropriation in Western music Cultural appropriation in Western ... propelling cultural appropriation . ref Dean, Bartholomew. digital vibes & radio waves in indigenous ... and continuous process of cultural appropriation that developed in the wake of the European colonisation ..., adapted and incorporated into mainstream Western popular music. This appropriation process ... . One well known example of cultural appropriation into the European classical music genre arose ... of Debussy, some of this long process of appropriation also had an educative effect, and by the 1960s ... musician Robert Johnson . Another fascinating aspect of the changes in the cultural appropriation ... shaped by their appropriation of influences from African American music and these genres also strongly .... This process included one of the more controversial examples of cultural appropriation process ... and it would be several decades more before the full story of the appropriation of Solomon Linda ... Linda s Mbube . In each case, these processes of discovery and appropriation were made considerably ... Western pop market. Soul Makossa also became a example of cultural appropriation when Michael ... recordings directly inspired by the Afrobeat of bandleader Fela Kuti . Kuti s style itself began as an appropriation ... and other music from the West, ensuring that appropriation was continuous in many directions. In the early ... States. The importance of musical appropriation to hip hop culture has often been controversial ... from the often uncredited appropriation white classical and rock musicians made of earlier ... more details
Infobox Single Name The Long Blondes Appropriation By Any Other Name Artist The Long Blondes Cover By any other name.jpg Released flagicon UK June 13, 2005 Format Gramophone records Common formats 7 , CD Genre Indie rock Length Label Angular Recording Corporation Writer Dorian Cox, Kate Jackson Producer Alan Smith Chart position Last single Giddy Stratospheres This single Appropriation By Any Other Name br 2005 Next single Separated By Motorways Appropriation By Any Other Name was a 7 and CD release by Sheffield band The Long Blondes . It was released on June 13, 2005 on Angular Records. The song is a homage to Hitchcock s 1958 film Vertigo film Vertigo . it has been said that this song is told from the point of view of Judy, due to lines such as When I met you, I never wore dresses like that and You can t have me, make me act the same . Lead singer Kate Jackson singer Kate Jackson painted two different portraits for the CD single and 7 Vinyl, they both depicted Kim Novak s characters Madeleine Elster and Judy Barton. ref http www.drownedinsound.com articles 12472 Drowned in Sound Reviews Single The Long Blondes Bot generated title ref The song was not featured on their debut album Someone to Drive You Home , but the b side, Lust In The Movies was. Both were featured on the compilation album Singles . The song was well received by critics. ref http www.drownedinsound.com release view 6620 ref Track listing All lyrics written by Dorian Cox and Kate Jackson, music by The Long Blondes. vinyl record 7 Side A Appropriation By Any Other Name Side B Lust In The Movies CD Appropriation By Any Other Name My Heart Is Out Of Bounds Lust In The Movies References Reflist Category 2005 singles Category The Long Blondes songs ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Property law Prior appropriation water rights , sometimes known as the Colorado Doctrine in reference to the Supreme Court of the United States U.S. Supreme Court case Wyoming v. Colorado , is a system of allocating water right s from a water source that is markedly different from riparian water rights . Water law in the western United States generally follows the appropriation doctrine which developed due to the scarcity of water in that area. Overview The legal details vary from state to state however, the general principle is that water rights are unconnected to land ownership, and can be sold or mortgaged like other property. The first person to use a quantity of water ... and an appropriation date. Each year, the user with the earliest appropriation date known as the senior ... with the next earliest appropriation date may use their full allocation and so on. In times of drought , users with junior appropriation dates might not receive their full allocation or even ... right is sold, it retains its original appropriation date. Only the amount of water historically ..., many have criticized the prior appropriation system for failing to adequately adjust to society ... in rivers in streams. The prior appropriation system has in many ways inhibited these calls for change ... Tragic Institutions Environmental Law Vol. 37 2007 , pp. 515 571 Bot generated title ref Prior Appropriation ... appropriation. The same first in time, first in right theory has been used in the United States ... States, applied appropriation theory to mineral deposits. The first one to discover and begin mining a deposit was acknowledged to have a legal right to mine. Because appropriation theory in mineral ... in time right to agricultural land may have been influenced by appropriation theory applied ... develop in pollution rights. This would be prior appropriation theory applied to air pollution. Recent ... emissions sources. This is essentially acknowledging a prior appropriation right to existing ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Fundamental to modern information architecture s, and driven by http www.webreference.com internet semantic semantic Web technologies, content re appropriation is the act of searching, filtering, gathering, grouping, and aggregation which allows information to be related, classified and identified. This is achieved by applying syntactic or semantic meaning though intelligent tagging or artificial interpretation of fragmented content see Resource Description Framework . Hence, all information becomes valuable and interpretable. Domain Since the domain of Content applies to areas of software applications s, document s, and Computer media media , these can be processed though a pipeline of generation, aggregation, transform many, and serialization see http www.w3.org TR xml pipeline XML Pipeline . The output of this can viewed in a medium most effect for decision making. The desired outcomes of content re appropriation are Seamless, Integrated, and Shared User experiences Software visualization Visualization Detection, Analysis & Investigation Personalization unique to the User Inbound or Outbound web syndication Syndication of Information Publish or Subscribe to Information Dynamically adapted output to Users medium Essentially to make information disparities transparent to the user computing user getting to the bottom line quickly. Areas of Use Content re appropriation is effective across the Content Tier , that is places where Content exists Identity & Directory Management e.g. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP , SAML & JNDI Content Management e.g. http jakarta.apache.org slide Apache Slide Content Systems e.g. File System s, E mail , Network share s, Storage Area Network SAN & Database Business Systems e.g. Enterprise resource planning ERP & Customer Relationship Management CRM Data Warehouse e.g. OLAP Internet & Web Services e.g. HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP & Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP Instant messenger Presence and ... more details
Context date April 2010 Cleanup reorganize date April 2010 On March 3, 1905, The Agriculture Appropriation Act was created under the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt . ref http appropriations.house.gov ref Martin Dodge was the director of the OPRI Office of Public Roads Inquiry until 1905 when the act was passed. The Division of Tests of the Bureau of Chemistry joined with The Office of Public Roads Inquiry to form the Office of Public Roads OPR . A scientist was needed to be in charge of all the scientific and technical work. Logan Waller Page was appointed the head of the organization by the Agriculture Appropriation Act. The OPR has a yearly budget of 50,000 dollars. It is the first permanent federal road Government agency agency . The act required the OPR to fill ten full time positions. The act acquired farm and architectural functions of the Rural Engineering Investigations Division of the Office of Farm Management, while consolidating the Drainage and Irrigation divisions of the office of farm management to form the OPR and Rural engineering. ref http www.tfhrc.gov pubrds fall93 p93au1.htm ref Many programs fall under this act such as the Food and Nutrition Program, and Conservation Program. David Obey is now the Chairman over Appropriations. References Reflist US farm acts Category Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt Category 1905 establishments Category 1905 in law Category United States federal agriculture legislation Category United States federal appropriations legislation US fed statute stub ... more details
The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 was passed on April 8 during the Second Hundred Days as a part of Franklin Delano Roosevelt s New Deal . It was a large scale public works program for the jobless which included the Works Progress Administration ref Faragher, John Mack, Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage. u Out of Many A History of the American People u . 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall. 2003. 727, 728. ref . It allocated United States Dollar 5 billion for this purpose. The bill included funds for the Federal Arts Project, the Federal Writer Project, and the Federal Theater Project. References reflist US hist stub Category Works Progress Administration ... more details
A continuing trespass is a wrongful act involving a course of action which is a direct invasion of the rights of another. 52 Am J1st Tresp 18. a trespass in the taking of goods, although without intent to appropriate them, followed by an appropriation , the original trespass being deemed to continue to the time of the appropriation, so that the subsequent appropriation is larceny . State v Coombs, 55 Me 477. Category Crimes Category Legal terms Category Tort law ... more details
Summary album cover fur Article Appropriation By Any Other Name Use Infobox ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Name The Long Blondes Appropriation By Any Other Name Artist The Long Blondes Label Angular Recording Corporation Graphic Artist Item Type single Website Owner Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Source Portion Low resolution Purpose Must be specified if Use is not Infobox Header Section Artist Replaceability other information Licensing Non free album cover ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Cannibal Culture Art, Appropriation and the Commodification of Difference ISBN 0 8133 2089 5 is the title of a book by Deborah Root , published in 1995 by Westview Press . The book studies the assimilation of various cultures by other, dominant cultures, and the false assumptions this produces in perception of the less dominant culture or ethnicity. Reviews cite journal title Cannibal Culture Art, Appropriation, and the Commodification of Difference author Frank J. Korom date Fall 1997 journal Museum Anthropology volume 21 issue 2 pages 93 95 url http www.anthrosource.net doi abs 10.1525 mua.1997.21.2.93 doi 10.1525 mua.1997.21.2.93 cite journal title Cannibal Culture Art, Appropriation, and the Commodification of Difference author Kenneth Little date Dec 1996 journal American Anthropologist volume 98 issue 4 pages 920 url doi 10.1525 aa.1996.98.4.02a00670 Category Cultural studies books Category Cultural assimilation nonfiction book stub ... more details
In a theatrical adaptation , material from another artistic medium, such as a novel or a film is re written according to the needs and requirements of the theatre and turned into a play theatre play or musical theatre musical . Appropriation in the Arts Theatre stub Category Theatre sl dramatizacija ... more details
The Treasury Department Appropriations Act may refer to one of may Acts of Congress enacted to fund the United States Department of the Treasury . List of Appropriations Acts Expand section date November 2008 1995 USPL 103 329 See also Appropriation bill Disambig Category United States federal appropriations legislation ... more details
bills Paragraph 2 states that the Committee on Appropriations cannot report an appropriation bill ... the happening of a contingency, and if an appropriation bill is reported to the Senate containing ... amendments to general appropriation bills that are from a committee having legislative jurisdiction of the subject matter and proposing to increase an appropriation already contained in the bill, or add ... Senator which proposes general legislation to any general appropriation bill. Any amendment not germane ... without debate Any amendment or restriction to a general appropriation bill may be laid ... general appropriation bill. Any general appropriation bill which contains provisions of an existing ... in a general appropriation bill on the grounds that the restriction violates this rule, the rule ... that every report filed by the Committee on Appropriations on appropriation bills , must specifically identify each recommended amendment which proposes an item of appropriation which is not designed ... of order made by any Senator, no general appropriation bill or amendment thereto shall be received ... more details
for prosecutions to establish an appropriation was without an owner s consent. ref 1972 AC 626, at 632 ref On the issue of whether an appropriation could be consented to, Dilhorne elaborated cquote I agree. That there was appropriation in this case is clear. Section 3 1 states that any assumption by a person of the rights of an owner amounts to an appropriation. Here there was clearly such an assumption. That an appropriation was dishonest may be proved in a number of ways. In this case it was not contended ... s appropriation of property belonging to another is not to be regarded as dishonest if he ... of the appropriation and the circumstances of it. A fortiori, a person is not to be regarded as acting ... that other person has in fact agreed to the appropriation. The appellant, if he believed that Mr ... meant this. Belief or the absence of belief that the owner had with such knowledge consented to the appropriation ... been an appropriation. That may occur even though the owner has permitted or consented to the property being taken. So proof that Mr. Occhi had consented to the appropriation of 6 from his wallet without ... more details
of the Property Valuation Ordinance, 1993, 1995 No. 1 of 1995 Western Cape Adjustments Appropriation ..., 1995 No. 3 of 1995 Cape Metropolitan Commission Law, 1995 No. 4 of 1995 Western Cape Appropriation ... No. 6 of 1995 1996 Western Cape Adjustments Appropriation Law, 1996 No. 1 of 1996 Western Cape Additional Adjustments Appropriation Law, 1996 No. 2 of 1996 Western Cape Investment and Trade Promotion ... Development Council Law, 1996 No. 5 of 1996 Western Cape Appropriation Law, 1996 No. 6 of 1996 Western ... Law, 1996 No. 8 of 1996 1997 Western Cape Adjustments Appropriation Law, 1997 No. 2 of 1997 ... of 1997 Western Cape Appropriation Act, 1997 No. 5 of 1997 Western Cape Act on the Transitional ... Amendment Act, 1998 No. 3 of 1998 Western Cape Adjustments Appropriation Act, 1998 No. 4 of 1998 Western Cape Interim Appropriation Act, 1998 No. 5 of 1998 Western Cape Land Administration Act, 1998 No. 6 ..., 1998 No. 9 of 1998 Western Cape Provincial Commisssions Act, 1998 No. 10 of 1998 Western Cape Appropriation ... Cape Adjustments Appropriation Act, 1999 No. 1 of 1999 Dog Tax Ordinance Amendment Act, 1999 No. 2 of 1999 Western Cape Appropriation Act, 1999 No. 3 of 1999 Western Cape Sixth Gambling And Racing Amendment ... Appropriation Act, 2000 No. 2 of 2000 Western Cape Nature Conservation Laws Amendment Act, 2000 No. 3 of 2000 Municipal Ordinance, 1974, Amendment Act, 2000 No. 4 of 2000 Western Cape Appropriation Act ... And Racing Amendment Act, 2000 No. 11 of 2000 2001 Western Cape Second Adjustments Appropriation Act, 2001 No. 1 of 2001 Western Cape Adjustments Appropriation Act, 2001 No. 2 of 2001 Western Cape Appropriation Act, 2001 No. 3 of 2001 Western Cape Second Adjustments Appropriation Act, 2001 No. 4 of 2001 ... Appropriation Act, 2001 No. 11 of 2001 2002 Western Cape Appropriation Act, 2002 No. 1 of 2002 Western ... No. 4 of 2002 Western Cape Social Grant and Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme Grant Appropriation ... and Racing Amendment Act, 2002 No. 8 of 2002 Western Cape Adjustments Appropriation Act, 2002 ... more details
The Anti Deficiency Act ADA is legislation enacted by the United States Congress to prevent the incurring of obligations or the making of expenditures outlays in excess of amounts available in Appropriation law appropriation s or funds. It is now codified at 31 U.S.C. 1341 ref UnitedStatesCode 31 1341 ref . The ADA prohibits the United States Government Federal government from entering into a contract that is not fully funded because doing so would obligate the government in the absence of an appropriation adequate to the needs of the contract. This Act of Congress is sometimes known as Section 3679 of the Revised Statutes , as amended. History This Act has evolved over time in response to various abuses. Expand section date January 2011 Constitutional Authority To some extent, but not entirely, it implements the provisions of Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 the power of the purse of the Constitution of the United States which precludes the expenditure of funds by any branch of the Federal government unless those funds have been appropriated by Congress. In part, the Act is actually inconsistent with the Constitution because it recites that expenditures without appropriations can be made where expressly permitted by Congress the Constitution permits no such exception Citation needed date September 2009 . Although the ADA and its predecessors are over 120 years old, no one has ever been convicted or even indicted for its violation. ref name Arnold p112 cite book last Arnold first William G. title The Antideficiency ACT Answer Book publisher Management Concepts year 2009 page 112 ref . An important corollary of the constitutional provision is that departments and agencies of the government may not augment appropriations either by raising money instead of seeking and getting an appropriation or by retaining funds collected and using them instead of receiving an appropriation. This bar to augmentation of appropriations is regularly violated by the executive branch and of ... more details
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