In the context of computer networking , an applicationlevelgateway ref RFC 2663 ALG official definition refer section 2.9 ref also known as ALG or application layer gateway consists of a security component that augments a Firewall networking firewall or Network address translation NAT employed in a computer network . It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the Gateway computer networking gateway to support Network Address Translation address and Port address translation port translation for certain application layer control data protocols such as File transfer protocol FTP ... html rfc2694 DNS ApplicationLevelGateway DNS ALG div class references small references div Category Computer network security Category Network related software Category Windows services Application Layer Gateway it Applicationlevelgateway ru Applicationlevelgateway zh ... the network layer address information found inside an application payload between the addresses acceptable by the hosts on either side of the firewall NAT. This aspect introduces the term Gateway computer networking gateway for an ALG. recognizing application specific commands and offering granular ... through Network Address Translation NAT or a Firewall networking firewall , either the application ... application data can thus be passed through the security checks of the firewall or NAT that would ... exchanging data. For example, an File Transfer Protocol FTP application may use separate connections .... ref http sitsotd.org SIP gateway built with libipt iptables ref domain is dormant as of at latest ... the application being configured to use it, by intercepting the messages. A proxy, on the other hand, usually needs to be configured in the client application. The client is then explicitly aware of the proxy and connects to it, rather than the real server. ALG service in Microsoft Windows The Application Layer Gateway Windows service service in Microsoft Windows provides support for third party ... more details
A circuit levelgateway is a type of Firewall networking firewall . Circuit level gateways work at the session layer of the OSI model , or as a shim layer between the application layer and the transport layer of the TCP IP stack. They monitor TCP handshaking between packets to determine whether a requested session is legitimate. Information passed to a remote computer through a circuit levelgateway appears to have originated from the gateway. This is useful for hiding information about protected networks. Circuit level gateways are relatively inexpensive and have the advantage of hiding information about the private network they protect. On the other hand, they do not filter individual packets. See also Applicationlevelgateway firewall Bastion host Dual homed External links http netsecurity.about.com cs generalsecurity g def circgw.htm http www.codepedia.com 1 Circuit levelgateway http www.softheap.com internet circuit level gateway.html http www.pcstats.com articleview.cfm?articleid 1450&page 5 Category TCP IP compu network stub ... more details
1.0 ALE 1.1 External links http www.epcglobalinc.org standards ale EPC Global Inc ApplicationLevel ... readers or other devices as necessary. Application writers are shielded from details of device ... more details
Wiktionarypar applicationApplication may refer to Application for employment Application software Function application in mathematics and computer science disambig cs Aplikace da Applikation de Applikation es Aplicaci n fr Application ko pl Aplikacja simple Application sk Aplik cia sl Aplikacija ur Application ... more details
The Gateway can apply to any of the following Newspapers The Gateway student newspaper , the student business and finance newspaper, UK The Gateway newspaper , the student newspaper at the University of Alberta, Canada Buildings Gateway District , Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America The Gateway, Hong Kong , Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong The Gateway, Leeds , England The Gateway, Nantwich , England The Gateway New Brunswick , New Jersey The Gateway, Singapore Disambig ... more details
wiktionary gateway A gateway is a point of entry or exit at which a gate may be hung. Gateway may also refer to TOC right Computer terminology Gateway telecommunications , a computer or a network that allows or controls access to another computer or network Gateway web page , a webpage designed to attract visitors and search engines to a particular website Payment gateway , the software interface between a web based shopping cart and a merchant account Gateway computer program , a link between two ... Residential gateway , a home networking device Companies Gateway, Inc. formerly Gateway 2000 , a computer manufacturer Gateway, a former UK supermarket chain rebranded as Somerfield in the 1990s Gateway ... Books and Tapes , a book and audio tape retailer bought in 1988 by Books A Million Gateway Newstands ... places, and transit stations in the United States and Canada Churches Gateway Church Texas , a mega church located in the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex Gateway Church , a church located in Victoria, Australia Geography Africa South Africa Gateway Theatre of Shopping , a shopping centre in Durban Australia Gateway Bridge, Brisbane , the most eastern crossing of the Brisbane River, Brisbane Gateway Motorway , a freeway in Brisbane Asia Hong Kong The Gateway, Hong Kong , a shopping centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong India Gateway of India , Bombay Singapore Gateway Monorail Station , a station on the Sentosa Monorail The Gateway, Singapore , a twin building office complex Turkestan Iron ... Iron Gate North America Canada Gateway Boulevard , a major street in Edmonton Gateway Station on the Vancouver SkyTrain s Expo Line Greater Vancouver Gateway Program , an infrastructure project for Greater Vancouver United States Communities Gateway, Alaska , census designated place Gateway, Arkansas , town Gateway, California disambiguation , multiple locations Gateway, Los Angeles County, California Gateway, Nevada County, California Gateway, San Diego, California , neighborhood Gateway, Colorado ... more details
wiktionary AS level AS level is an abbreviation that can stand for Advanced Subsidiary level , the first part of the current Advanced Level in the United Kingdom A Level qualification Advanced Supplementary level, an old qualification which was part of the Advanced Level UK UK Advanced level system prior to 2000. A Hong Kong Advanced Supplementary Level Examination AS level graph an internet graph resembling the relationships of Autonomous system Internet Autonomous Systems disambig ... more details
wiktionary level TOCright Level or levels may refer to Places Lev l , Gy r Moson Sopron, Hungary Level, Ohio , United States Engineering related Floor, or storey , of a building or a mine A device used to measure true horizontal or relative heights, frequently used in surveying and construction Reed level Spirit level , or bubble level Dumpy level Laser level Laser line level Science and mathematics Level, in Design of experiments applied statistics , the different treatments that are applied within a factor Classification levels, in Biological organisation , classrooms, churches, hospitals among others Entertainment Levels , an album by British experimental music band Duologue Level, a way of classifiying character advancement in various games. Level video gaming , a stage of the game Level The Raconteurs song Level The Raconteurs song , the fourth single from The their debut album Broken Boy Soldiers Other uses Level music , similar to but more general and basic than a chord LeveL , a games magazine in the Czech Republic, Romania and Turkey LEVEL , a games magazine in Sweden Hierarchy Terminology Level , in a hierarchy, a collection of objects with the same rank Level, an indication of the number of previous Posting style posts to a forum thread at which a portion of text was written See also ILR scale Level measurement Level up Level Vodka Leveling seat Levellers Levels of Knowing and Existence Morphological leveling Regrading Somerset Levels disambig cs Level de Level es Nivel it Livello lv L menis nl Level pt N vel desambigua o ru sk Level sv Level tr Level uk ... more details
Other uses Level disambiguation LevelLEVEL is a computer and video games magazine originating in the Czech ... content. In addition to publishing the magazine, LeveL also organizes many yearly gaming competitions ... Cyber Games WCG . LeveL was founded by Jan Beast Tomanek in 1995 in Czech Republic. Its first issue was released on 24.01.1995. The current LeveL editor in chief is Michal K ivsk replacing Sleepless Petr Pol ek . LEVEL in Czech republic LEVEL was the third magazine, after Excalibur in 1991 and SCORE ... Ludvik , LEVEL began its history in January, 1995. For a year and a half, the editor in chief was Jan ... for seven years. His former assistant Ond ej Pr a , one of the few people who had been with LEVEL for its ... Bach . LEVEL is considered the best selling magazine about computer games in the Czech republic with nearly ... members. LEVEL in Turkey The Turkish edition was founded and initially written by M. Berker G ng r ... when he attended to a contest and became the heart of LEVEL today it is the leading computer games magazine ... branches closed due to financial difficulty when? , leaving LEVEL without competitors &mdash and with extra ... to LEVEL after the split. Also many writers from GamePro has joined LEVEL . LEVEL in Romania In September 1997 Vogel Publishing Romania launches the first Romanian gaming magazine called LEVEL INTERNATIONAL ... per issue and 79.000 readers per issue. LEVEL Romania saw its ups and downs in its over a decade ... lasting author of LEVEL Romania is Marius Ghinea, who joined the team back in 1998 and raised ... over the years Mr. President, Claude , Wild Snake, Sebah, Mike, Mitza, Locke, Ciolan. LEVEL Romania ... so far. In 2007 LEVEL Romania organized an event called Level fest aka Viva la Level ution ... called Fire . In 2008 LEVEL Romania held the contest Tu faci jocurile You make the games in which ... with 2009 LEVEL has sometimes given 2 full games with certain issues and is also heavily promoting interesting Indie Games . External links http www.level.cz Official website LEVEL Czech Republic http ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name On the Level Type Album Artist Status Quo Cover OnTheLevel StatusQuo.jpg Released February 1975 Recorded Winter 1974 small at IBC Studios and Phonogram Studios, London Genre Blues rock Length 37 55 Label Vertigo Records small UK small br Capitol Records small USA small Producer Status Quo Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r50104 pure url yes Review Last album Quo Status Quo album Quo br 1974 This album On The Level br 1975 Next album Blue for You br 1976 Misc Singles Name On the Level Type studio Single 1 Down Down Single 1 date 1974 On The Level is the eighth Status Quo studio album. It features Francis Rossi, Richard Parfitt, Alan Lancaster and John Coghlan. The album s cover art features band members in an Ames room , and on the original vinyl release, the inner gatefold sleeve consisted of informal photos members of the group had taken of each other. In November 1974 the band released the only single from the album, an edited version of a Rossi Young song entitled Down Down . The single gave the band their only 1 hit to date. Its b side was the Parfitt Young album track Nightride . When the album was released in February 1975, the group were more or less at the peak of their career, record sales wise. The album entered the chart at 1. All tracks were written or co written by the group themselves, apart from Bye Bye Johnny , which was originally a Chuck Berry song. Track listing Little Lady Rick Parfitt Parfitt 3 03 Most of the Time Francis Rossi Rossi Bob Young artist Young 3 22 I Saw the Light Rossi Young 3 40 Over and Done Alan Lancaster Lancaster 3 55 Nightride Parfitt Young 3 54 Down Down Rossi Young 5 25 Broken Man Lancaster 4 14 What to Do Rossi Young 3 07 Where I Am Parfitt 2 45 Bye Bye Johnny ... Status Quo albums Category Vertigo Records albums fr On the Level it On the Level nl On the Level pl On the Level pt On the Level sv On the Level ... more details
before passing it to a gateway router. Because it acts on the database application layer, it may ... applicationlevel atop the TCP IP stack, all applications connection to the database or SQL ... OS X Snow Leopard. When enabled, the application firewall runs on top of the standard ipfw port level ...Refimprove date February 2010 An application firewall is a form of Firewall computing firewall which controls input output input , output , and or System call access from, to, or by an application or service ... service calls which do not meet the configured policy of the firewall. The application firewall is typically ... for nearly any kind of network traffic. There are two primary categories of application firewalls, network based application firewalls and host based application firewalls . Network based application firewalls A network based application layer firewall is a computer networking firewall networking firewall operating at the application layer of a protocol stack , ref cite book title The Weakest Security Link Series edition 1st url http books.google.com books?id Yz34zXV7VB8C&pg PA54&dq application ... v onepage&q application 20layer 20firewall&f false author Luis F. Medina year 2003 pages 54 isbn 978 .... Application firewalls specific to a particular kind of network traffic may be titled with the service name, such as a web application firewall. They may be implemented through software running on a host ... s to proxy traffic before passing it on to the client or server. Because it acts on the application ..., viruses, attempts to exploit known logical flaws in client software. Network based application layer firewalls work on the Application Layer applicationlevel of the network stack for example, all web browser, telnet, or ftp traffic , and may intercept all packets traveling to or from an application. In principle, application firewalls can prevent all unwanted outside traffic from reaching protected machines. Modern application firewalls may also SSL acceleration offload encryption from ... more details
application development by allowing the programmer to define a high level description of the program ... 2010 Image Gcalendar.png thumb 250px Google Calendar is a contact and time management web application ... source web application. A web application is an Application software application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an intranet . The term may also mean a computer software application ..., and Java are. Eleclion and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable ... for the application was shared between code on the server and code installed on each client locally. In other words, an application had its own client program which served as its user interface and had ... of the application would typically also require an upgrade to the client side code installed on each ... for any web application. In 1995, Netscape introduced a client side scripting language called JavaScript ..., the web application concept was introduced in the Java language in the Servlet Specification version ... is a web application or webapp ? author Alex Chaffee date 2000 08 17 accessdate 2008 07 27 ref ref ... , Microsoft Silverlight Silverlight and other technologies, application specific methods such as drawing ..., the most common structure is the Three tier computing three tiered application. ref name ntiered In its most common form, the three tiers are called presentation , application and storage , in this order ... such as Active Server Pages ASP , ASP.NET , Common Gateway Interface CGI , ColdFusion , Java ... tier application logic , and a database is the third tier storage . ref name ntiered The web ... logic, which resides on the application tier, into a more fine grained model. ref name ntiered Or adding .... ref name ntiered There are some who view a web application as a two tier architecture. This can be a smart ... the database storage tier , and the business logic application tier would be on one of them or on both ... Docs is a Web based word processor , spreadsheet , presentation and form application offered as a part ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Signaling Gateway is a network component responsible for transferring Signalling telecommunication signaling messages i.e. information related to call establishment, billing, location, short messages, address conversion, and other services between Common Channel Signaling Common Channel Signaling CCS nodes that communicate using different protocols and transports. Transport conversion is often from Signaling System 7 SS7 to Internet Protocol IP . A SIGTRAN Signaling Gateway is a network component that performs packet level translation of signaling from common channel signaling based upon SS7 to SIGTRAN signaling based upon IP . The concept of the SIGTRAN signaling gateway was introduced in the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF document RFC 2719 Architectural Framework for Signaling Transport. A signaling gateway can be implemented as an embedded component of some other network element, or can be provided as a stand alone network element. For example a signaling gateway is often part of a softswitch in modern Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP deployments. The signaling gateway function can also be included within the larger operational domain of a Signal Transfer Point Signal Transfer Point STP . Protocol conversion gateways can also convert from one network operational paradigm to another for example, Session Initiation Protocol SIP to ISDN User Part ISUP for call control , SIP to Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP for address translation, or SIP to MAP for location or presence. See also Media gateway DEFAULTSORT Signaling Gateway Category VoIP terminology & concepts Category Signaling System 7 Telecomm stub Compu network stub uk Signaling gateway ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 In the USA, an application analyst is someone whose job is to support a given application software application or applications. This may entail some programming , some system administration skills, and the ability to analyse a given problem, diagnose it and find its root cause, and then either solve it or pass the problem on to the relevant people if it does not lie within the application analyst s area of responsibility. Typically an application analyst will be responsible for supporting bespoke i.e. custom applications programmed with a variety of programming languages and using a variety of database systems, middleware systems and the like. It is a form of 3rd level line technical support . The role may or may not involve some customer contact but most often it involves getting some description of the problem from helpdesk , making a diagnosis and then either creating a fix or passing the problem on to someone who is responsible for the actual problem area. In some companies, an application analyst is a would be software architect . DEFAULTSORT Application Analyst Category Computer occupations Job stub ... more details
cleanup date January 2011 An application server is a software framework that provides an environment ... a Java application server basically provides an implementation of the servlet specification, probably .... An application server is more and less, at the same time an application server provides an environment ... to differentiate servers that run SQL services ref cite web title Analysis in the Application Server ..., the term took on the meaning of Web application s, but has since evolved further into more of a comprehensive service layer. An application server acts as a set of components accessible to the software ... the construction of dynamic pages. However, present day application servers target much more ... to Java EE Java application servers. When this is the case, the application server behaves like an extended ... Java application servers The Web modules include servlets and JavaServer Pages . Business logic resides ... offers an EJB 3 container data structure container implementation for the JBoss application server ... equivalent of a Common Gateway Interface CGI script executes in a Web container . JSPs provide .... JavaBeans are the independent class components of the Java architecture from Sun Microsystems . The application servers mentioned above mainly serve Web application s. Some application servers target ... of an application server. Third party Mono software Mono not fully .NET compatible , developed by Novell, Inc. , licensed under GPL . Base4 Application Server , an open source project TNAPS Application Server , freeware application server, developed by TN LLC, PHP application servers Are used for running and managing PHP application software applications . Zend Server , built by Zend Technologies , provides application server functionality for PHP based applications Other platforms Open source application servers also come from other vendors. Examples include Appaserver Spring Framework ... application integration and service oriented architecture were designed By whom date July 2009 to connect ... more details
Application virtualization is an umbrella term that describes software technologies that improve portability, manageability and compatibility of Application software applications by encapsulating them from the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized application is not installed ... products windowsvista enterprise softgrid.mspx title Introducing Microsoft SoftGrid Application Virtualization publisher Microsoft ref , although it is still executed as if it were. The application ... refers to the artifact being encapsulated application , which is quite different to its ... . Description Limited application virtualization is used in modern operating systems such a Microsoft ... of application virtualisation Illustration of an application running in a native environment and running in an application virtualisation environment Full application virtualization requires a virtualization layer. ref name Husain cite web url http vdiworks.com wp ?p 15 title How to build an Application ... Application virtualization layers replace part of the runtime environment normally provided by the operating ... Microsoft Windows Vista Migration Through Application Virtualization date 2008 01 28 accessdate 2008 06 19 author Coby Gurr format PDF ref The application never knows that it s accessing a virtual resource instead of a physical one. Since the application is now working with one file instead of many files and registry entries spread throughout the system, it becomes easy to run the application ... , Citrix XenApp , Novell ZENworks Application VIrtualization , Endeavors Technologies Application Jukebox, Microsoft Application Virtualization , Software Virtualization Solution , VMware ThinApp and InstallAware Virtualization . Related Technologies Technology categories that fall under application virtualization include application streaming Application Streaming . Pieces of the application s code, data, and settings are delivered when they re first needed, instead of the entire application ... more details
protocol X to Y, and are not offering the level of configurability and flexibility of a universal gateway. New markets for universal gateways Special classes of universal gateway are addressing special needs. The Smart grid Smart Grid is now prompting a new class of application where plant floor equipment ...A universal gateway is a device that transacts data between two or more data sources using communication protocols specific to each. Sometimes called a universal protocol gateway, this class of product is designed as a computer appliance, and is used to connect data from one automation system to another. Typical applications include M2M Communications Machine to Machine Communications between machines from different vendors, typically using different communication protocols. This is often a requirement to optimize the performance of a production line , by effectively communicating machine states upstream and downstream of a piece of equipment. Machine idle times can trigger lower power operation. Inventory Levels can be more effectively managed on a per station basis, by knowing the upstream and downstream demands. M2E Communications Machine to Enterprise Communications is typically managed through database interactions. In this case, Eatm EATM technology is typically leveraged for data ... are involved, a Universal Gateway, with its ability to support many protocols simultaneously ... protocols and over different transports simultaneously. Design of a universal gateway Hardware platform ... of automation device protocols and Universal Gateway solutions are typically targeting certain market ... conditions Run, Stop, etc. Universal gateways vs. protocol converters A universal gateway will typically ... the opportunity to pick and choose one or more protocols, and change them over time, as the application ... Gateway for SmartGrid Applications http www.oldi.com catm universal gateway home.shtml Universal Gateway for Manufacturing Automation http www.prosoft technology.com content view full 13843 Protocol ... more details
X application bundles Application bundles are directory hierarchies, with the top level directory having a name that ends with a tt .app tt extension. In an application bundle, the first directory in the bundle underneath the top level directory is usually named tt Contents tt . Within tt Contents tt there is usually another directory called tt MacOS tt on Macs, or using the application s name on GNUstep , which contains the application s executable code. Within the tt Contents tt folder there is usually also a directory called tt Resources tt , which contains the resources of the application. Among other things, the tt Resources tt folder contains localized versions of the application s Interface ... in concept to the Application Directory Application Directories used in RISC OS and on the ROX Desktop ... , and the RUNZ bundles in Super OS . Application software Applications , Application framework frameworks ... Shared Frameworks tt . The tt Frameworks tt directory contains frameworks used by the application ... tt directory contains frameworks that can be used both by the application that contains them, and other ... Plugins tt contains extensible code used by the application. Mac OS X framework bundles Mac OS X frameworks are also stored as bundles the top level directory framework bundles. The dynamically library ... level directory of the bundle, possibly with a tt Headers tt folder containing header file s for the framework ... tt .bundle tt and are most often used as plug in computing plug ins . An example of an application ... install packages. They are also included into an application bundle. See also Application Directory &mdash the RISC OS analogue to an application bundle klik packaging method klik &mdash A Linux application that makes use of similar principles RUNZ it it SpatialBundle SpatialBundle , real portable apps for Linux, one file to one application philosophy References reflist External links http developer.apple.com ... www.sveinbjorn.org platypus Platypus &mdash a tool to create application bundles around scripts http ... more details
Application security encompasses measures taken throughout the application s life cycle to prevent exceptions in the security policy of an application software application or the underlying operating system ... , or Software maintenance maintenance of the application. Applications only control the use of resources ... the use of these resources by users of the application through application security. Open Web Application Security Project OWASP and Web Application Security Consortium WASC updates on the latest ... Web Applications. Methodology According to the patterns & practices Improving Web Application Security book, a principle based approach for application security includes ref name patternsbook http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms994920.aspx Improving Web Application Security Threats and Countermeasures ..., host and application. Incorporating security into your software development process Note that this approach ... Web Application Security book, the following terms are relevant to application security ref name ... that addresses a threat and mitigates risk. Application Threats Attacks According to the patterns & practices Improving Web Application Security book, the following are classes of common application ... performing an operation attacker exploits an application without trace attacker covers his or her tracks Mobile Application Security The proportion of mobile devices providing open platform functionality ... architectures and network precautions. Mobile Application Security is provided in some form on most ... https www.omtp.org Publications Display.aspx?Id c4ee46b6 36ae 46ae 95e2 cfb164b758b5 Application Security ... at the end of the development cycle. Vulnerability scanner s, and more specifically web application ... source code review. Physical code reviews of an application s source code can be accomplished manually ... check all circuitous paths of an application program to find vulnerability points. The human ... code base to find the root cause level vulnerabilities. The two types of automated tools associated ... more details
unreferenced date January 2011 Orphan date September 2008 A virtual application is an application that has been optimized to run on virtual infrastructure. The application software along with Jeos Just Enough Operating System JeOS or juice is combined inside a virtual machine container in a manner that maximizes the performance of the application. By minimizing the system software to the smallest set of packages required to support the application, the maintenance and administration burden of the virtual application is greatly reduced. By including Application streaming in the design of an application server capable of hosting a Virtual Application, no application specific code need reside on the server at all. Packages of code reside on the server, but the details on how they are to be invoked in order to create the functionality that adds up to the application, gets passed to the server as and when needed. In effect the application does not exist on the server at all. Though clients can still invoke it almost as if it did. The difference being that the incoming request must either include application logic exploiting the code packages on the server , or information on where to locate such logic in a repository. Virtual appliance s are a category of virtual applications which are further optimized for simplified setup and configuration by the customer and remote management by the application vendor. See also Application virtualization Jeos Just Enough Operating System Virtual appliance rPath Application streaming Green computing Category Virtualization software ... more details
orphan date November 2010 unreferenced date November 2010 The Uncommon Application was an application created by The University of Chicago in response to the growing homogenization of College Applications in the Common Application System. However, as of the 2011 12 Freshman class, this has been dismantled, and instead Chicago asks for an uncommon supplement on the Common Application. Category University of Chicago ... more details
MORE is an Outliner outline processor application created for the Apple Macintosh in 1986 by software developer Dave Winer . An earlier outliner, ThinkTank, was developed by Winer, his brother Peter and Doug Baron. ref name winer outlinersProgramming cite web url http davewiner.userland.com outlinersProgramming title Outliners & Programming author Dave Winer publisher UserLand Software accessdate 2010 04 10 ref The company that made these products, Living Videotext , merged with Symantec in September 1987. ref name winer outlinersProgramming With Symantec s permission, Mr. Winer has since released versions of these antique software packages on the web for free download. ref name Outliners.com cite web url http www.outliners.com title Welcome to Outliners.Com date August 1999 last Winer first Dave accessdate 2010 04 10 ref Functions in these outliners include Making a hierarchical list of topics Appending notes, comments, rough drafts of sentences and paragraphs under some topics Deleting duplicate topics Merging related topics Dividing one topic into its component subtopics Assembling various low level topics and creating a new topic to group them under Disassembling a grouping that does not work, parceling its subtopics out among various other topics Promoting a subtopic to the level of a topic Demoting a topic to become a subtopic under some other topic Dragging to rearrange the order of topics References reflist small Jonathan Price http www.theprices.com 4artTW5.htm How Electronic Outlining Can Help You Create Online Materials Retrieved August 20, 2010 small External links http www.outliners.com Outliners.com http www.jlarue.com blastfrompast.html JLarue.com , article on Classic Outliners http www.theprices.com 4artTW3.htm ThePrices.com , article on electronic outlining DEFAULTSORT More Application Category Mac OS word processors Category Mac OS only software Category Outliners Category Presentation software WordProcessor stub mac software stub ... more details
A WAP gateway sits between mobile devices using the Wireless Application Protocol WAP protocol and the World Wide Web , passing pages from one to the other much like a proxy. This translates pages into a form suitable for the mobiles, for instance using the Wireless Markup Language WML . This process is hidden from the phone, so it may access the page in the same way as a browser accesses HTML, using a URL for example, http example.com foo.wml , provided the mobile phone operator has not specifically prevented this. References http www.kannel.org Kannel Open Source WAP and SMS Gateway http www.wapopia.com WAP WAP Gateway What is WAP Gateway What is WAP Gateway http www.wap gateway.com Wap Gateway.com Free WAP Gateway Wap Proxy telecom stub Mobile stub Category Mobile Web ... more details
, Gopher protocol Gopher protocol HL7, HL7 Health Level Seven HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol ... Messaging Protocol TCAP, Transaction Capabilities Application Part TDS, Tabular Data Stream TELNET ... links Commonscat Application layer protocols http learn networking.com tcp ip how the application layer works How The Application Layer Works refers to Application Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite aka TCP IP Category OSI protocols Category Application layer protocols ca Capa d aplicaci cs Aplika n vrstva da Programlaget es Capa de aplicaci n eu Aplikazio geruza fa fr Couche application ... Application layer te th Application layer tr Uygulama tabakas uk ... more details
Checkpointing is a technique for inserting fault tolerance into computing systems. It basically consists of storing a snapshot of the current Application software application state, and later on, use it for restarting the execution in case of failure . Technique properties There are many different points of view and techniques for achieving application checkpointing. Depending on the specific implementation, a tool can be classified as having several properties Amount of state saved This property refers to the Abstraction computer science abstraction level used by the technique to analyze an application. It can range from seeing each application as a black box , hence storing all application data, to selecting specific relevant cores of data in order to achieve a more efficient and portable operation. Automatization level Depending on the effort needed to achieve fault tolerance through the use of a specific checkpointing solution. Porting Portability Whether or not the saved state can be used on different machines to restart the application. System architecture How is the checkpointing technique implemented inside a Library computer science library , by the compiler or at Operating System operating system level. Each Engineering design decision made affects the properties and efficiency of the final product. For instance, deciding to store the entire application state will allow for a more straightforward implementation , since no analysis of the application will be needed, but it will deny the portability of the generated state files, due to a number of non portable structures such as application Stack based memory allocation stack or Heap based memory allocation heap being stored along with application data. Use in distributed shared memory systems In distributed shared memory , checkpointing is a technique that helps tolerate the errors leading to losing the effect of work of long running applications. The main property which should be induced by checkpointing t ... more details
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