File CRT Phosphors.jpg 180px thumb Aperturegrille based CRT in close up File Trinitron computer.JPG thumb right 180px Sony Trinitron aperturegrille computer monitor Image Aperturegrille closeup teletext.jpg 180px thumb Aperturegrille based CRT in close up, showing the letter e from a teletext page An aperturegrille tension mask is one of two major technologies used to manufacture color cathode ray tube CRT television s and computer display s the other is shadow mask . Fine vertical wires behind the front glass of the display screen separate the different colors of phosphor s into strips. These wires are positioned such that an electron beam from one of three guns at the rear of the tube is only able to strike phosphors of the appropriate color. That is, the blue electron gun will strike blue phosphors, but will find a wire blocks the path to red and green phosphors. The fine wires allow for a finer dot pitch as they can be spaced much closer together than the perforations of a shadow .... The vertical wires of the aperturegrille have a resonant frequency and will vibrate in Acoustic ... aperturegrille and shadow mask displays at a glance. The stabilized grille can still vibrate but the sounds need to be loud and close to the display. Additionally, aperturegrille displays tend to be vertically ... have a spherical curvature . The first patent ed aperturegrille televisions were manufactured by Sony .... Cromaclear is an improvement of the aperturegrille technology, pioneered by the NEC Corporation one of its advantage is the lack of the damping wires. While many considered aperturegrille technology ... links http www.monitorworld.com faq pages q28 page.html Aperturegrille details Category Cathode ray tube de Streifenmaske it Aperturegrille ja ru ..., a shadow mask warms, and expand outward in all directions sometimes called blooming . Aperture ... wires, called damping wires , are welded across the grille wires, and may be visible as fine dark ... more details
Dablink Grille artillery is also the name of a Nazi Germany German self propelled artillery vehicle. For the cooking equipment, see Grill cooking grill . tooshort date December 2009 A grille or grill French ... including people and animals in or out. Spelling In the United States, grille is used to differentiate ... File BMW grille.jpg thumb BMW s distinctive kidney shaped grille on an BMW M5 E34 E34 M5 . File AudiTT2G grille.jpg thumb Audi s single frame grille, here on a second generation Audi TT TT . File CVPI Police Grille.jpg thumb Crown Victoria Police Interceptor black honeycomb grille. In automotive engineering , a grille covers an opening in the body of a vehicle to allow air to enter. Most vehicles feature a grille at the front of the vehicle to protect the radiator engine cooling radiator and engine. Other common grille locations include below the front Bumper automobile bumper , in front ... engine vehicles . The grille is often a distinctive styling element, and many marque s use it as their primary brand identifier. For example, Jeep has trademarked its seven bar grille style. ref cite ... against GM H2 grille accessdate 2006 07 17 date 2002 11 18 Dead link date September 2010 bot H3llBot ref Rolls Royce car Rolls Royce is famous for arranging its grille bars by hand to ensure that they appear perfectly vertical. Other makers known for their grille styling include Bugatti s horse ... s relatively new, so called single frame grille, and an egg crate grille on late generation Plymouth automobile Plymouths . The unusual 1971 Plymouth Barracuda grille is known as a cheesegrater . Ford s three bar grille, introduced on the 2006 Ford Fusion North America Fusion , has become distinctive ... the car look new from year to year, for this make did not have a standard grille form. Sometimes there is a sort of fashion trend in grille bars. For example, in the early years after World War II , many American car makers generally switched to fewer and thicker grille bars. A billet grille ... more details
other uses Image Aperures.jpg thumb A large 1 and a small 2 aperture Image Aperture in Canon 50mm f1.8 II lens.jpg thumb right Aperture mechanism of Canon 50mm f 1.8 II lens Image ApertureDefn1707.png right thumb 244px Definitions of Aperture in the 1707 Glossographia Anglicana Nova ref Thomas Blount .... Gregory, Mr. Lock, Mr. Evelyn, Mr. Dryden, Mr. Blunt, &c. , London, 1707. ref In optics , an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture of an optical ... optics focus in the image plane . The aperture determines how collimated the admitted rays are, which is of great importance for the appearance at the image plane. If an aperture is narrow, then highly collimated rays are admitted, resulting in a sharp focus at the image plane. If an aperture ... focal length. This means that a wide aperture results in an image that is sharp around what the lens is focusing on and blurred otherwise. The aperture also determines how many of the incoming rays are actually admitted and thus how much light reaches the image plane the narrower the aperture, the darker ... , and the aperture stop is the stop that determines the ray cone angle, or equivalently the brightness, at an image point. In some contexts, especially in photography and astronomy , aperture refers to the diameter of the aperture stop rather than the physical stop or the opening itself. For example, in a telescope the aperture stop is typically the edges of the objective lens or mirror or of the mount that holds it . One then speaks of a telescope as having, for example, a 100 centimeter aperture . Note that the aperture stop is not necessarily the smallest stop in the system. Magnification and demagnification by lenses and other elements can cause a relatively large stop to be the aperture stop for the system. Sometimes stops and diaphragms are called apertures, even when they are not the aperture stop of the system. The word aperture is also used in other contexts to indicate a system ... more details
Infobox Weapon name Grille Ausf. M image Image Grille Aberdeen.00044ijk05.jpg 300px caption Grille Ausf. M on display at the United States Army Ordnance Museum US Army Ordnance Museum . origin flag Nazi Germany type self propelled artillery Type selection is ranged is bladed is explosive is artillery is vehicle yes is missile is UK Service history service 1943 1945 used by wars World War II Production history designer design date manufacturer unit cost production date 1943 1944 number 383 variants ammunition carrier General specifications weight 11.5 tonnes length 4.95 m part length width 2.15 m height 2.47 m diameter crew 4 Vehicle missile specifications armour 10 mm 15 mm primary armament 1 ... range 190 km speed 35 km h guidance The Grille German language German cricket insect cricket series of self propelled artillery vehicles were used by Nazi Germany during World War II . The Grille ... The original order for 200 units of the Grille , was to be based on the new 38 t Ausf M chassis ... on the 38 t Ausf H chassis, using, in some cases, the older 38 t s returned for factory refit. Grille Ausf. H The first variant of the Grille was based on the Panzer 38 t Ausf. H, which had its engine ... armour was 25 mm front Grille Ausf. M The second Grille variant was based on the Panzer ... and replaced with a new superstructure and armored compartment. Unlike the Ausf. H variant of the Grille ... to normal configuration in the field, by mounting the 15 cm gun onto the vehicle. The Grille Ausf ... 38 t chassis were used to build Grille s instead. The official designation was 15 cm Schweres ... edition 1993 . ISBN 0 85368 202 X rev. ed. ISBN 1 85409 214 6. External links Commonscat Grille ... 150 mm artillery bg Grille cs Grille de Sturmpanzer 38 t et Grille es Sd.Kfz. 138 1 Grille fr Grille artillerie hu Grille t z rs g nl Grille ja pl Grille ro Grille ru Grille sr fi Grille sv Grille tr Grille uk Sturmpanzer 38 t zh ... more details
The Cardan grille is a method of writing secret messages using a grid. History In 1550, Girolamo Cardano ... been Cardan s invention, and, so, Cardan is a generic name for cardboard grille ciphers. Cardinal Richelieu 1585 1642 was reputed to be fond of the Cardan grille and to have used it in both private ... around a Cardan grille message but as a demonstration of verbal skill rather than a serious cipher ... called simply cardboard ciphers . A further variation is a turning grille or trellis , based on the chess board , which was used in the latter 16th century. The turning grille reappeared in a more ... alone. Construction Image CardanGrille.png frame center A Cardan Grille has no fixed pattern center A Cardan grille is made from a sheet of fairly rigid paper or parchment, or from thin metal ... intervals between these lines. An encipherer places the grille on a sheet of paper and writes his ... word. Then, removing the grille, the fragments are filled out to create a note or letter that disguises ... grille. Copies of grilles are cut from an original template, but many different patterns could be made for one to one correspondence. The grille can be placed in four positions face up and face ... frame left Four positions of the grille. In practice it can be difficult to construct an innocent ... of the Cardan grille is to create a message without suspicion in the words of Francis Bacon . But the task ... the grille when there are several examples of suspect messages from a correspondent. When executed ... is to obtain the grille itself. Disadvantages The method is slow and requires literary skill. Above all, any physical cipher device is subject to loss, theft and seizure so to lose one grille is to lose all secret correspondence constructed with that grille. Possession of a grille may be incriminating. The Cardan Grille, in its original form, is of more literary than cryptographic interest. For example ... constructed with a Cardan grille which was used to generate pseudo random nonsense from a pre ... more details
Distinguish Grill cryptology In the history of cryptography , a grille cipher was a technique for encrypting .... This variant is also an example of steganography , as are many of the grille ciphers. Cardan grille and variations Main Cardan grille The Cardan grille was invented as a method of secret writing ... Grille met that aim. Variations on the Cardano original, however, were not intended to fulfill condition ... this second condition, so the point is generally a cryptanalyst s delight whenever the grille ciphers are used. The attraction of a grille cipher for users lies in its ease of use condition 1 . In short ... records and reminders may be kept in cipher for use of the author alone. A grille is easily usable ... thumb right A cardboard grille with eight single letter apertures. In the example, a grille has eight irregularly place ideally randomly holes equal to the length of a key word TANGIERS. The grille ... a key word entered from a grille. Removing the grille, the grid is filled with random letters and numbers. Then, one hopes, only the possessor of the grille or a copy can read out the hidden letters ... the same time by Giambattista della Porta . The grille and the grid are kept separately. If there is only one copy of the grille and one of the grid, the loss of either results is the loss of both. questionable. please justify this claim Clearly, in the case of communication by grille cipher, both sender and recipient must possess an identical copy of the grille. The loss of a grille leads to the probable loss of all secret correspondence encrypted with that grille. Either the messages cannot be read i.e., decrypted or someone else with the lost grille may be reading them. A further use for such a grille has been suggested it is a method of generating pseudorandom numbers pseudo random ... have been familiar to him. Whereas the ordinary Cardan grille has arbitrary perforations, if his method ... has only two positions, but it gave rise to a more sophisticated turning grille with four positions ... more details
Infobox Company company name The Capital Grille company logo File CapitalGrille.gif 200px company type Wholly owned subsidiary company slogan parent Darden Restaurants foundation 1989 location Orlando, Florida key people num employees industry Restaurant s revenue operating income net income homepage http www.thecapitalgrille.com www.thecapitalgrille.com The Capital Grille is a national Chain store chain of upscale steakhouse s it currently has locations in twenty states and the District of Columbia. ref name WBJ031809 Jeff Clabaugh, http washington.bizjournals.com washington stories 2009 03 16 daily58.html Capital Grille sales fall 19 percent , Washington Business Journal , March 18, 2009, Accessed March 30, 2009. ref It is owned by Darden Restaurants , based in Orlando, Florida , a multi brand restaurant operator that owns other restaurant brands such as Olive Garden and Red Lobster . The original Capital Grille was founded by Edward P. Ned Grace III in Providence, Rhode Island in 1989. ref name NRN022096 Robin Lee Allen, http findarticles.com p articles mi m3190 is n20 v30 ai 18343098 Capital Grille an upscale steak house approaching its prime , Nation s Restaurant News , May 20, 1996, Accessed April 22, 2009. ref The opening was curious for several reasons the upscale steakhouse contrasted with the then rundown downtown Providence, and the opening occurred amidst an Early 1990s recession ongoing recession . Grace envisioned the restaurant being popular with business and political ... mi m3190 is n20 v30 ai 18343098 Capital Grille an upscale steak house approaching its prime , Nation ... The Capital Grille had locations in Washington, D.C. and Boston in 1997, aided by a 20 million credit ... Robin Lee Allen, http findarticles.com p articles mi m3190 is n20 v30 ai 18343098 Capital Grille ... stories 2009 03 16 daily58.html Capital Grille sales fall 19 percent , Washington Business ... locations Main.asp The Capital Grille website Darden DEFAULTSORT Capital Grille ... more details
coord 11.47 S 43.33 E type mountain La Grille is a volcano in the Comoros is located in the Comoros archipelago on the island of Grande Comore also known as Ngazidja . La Grille is a shield volcano at the northern end of island and lacks a summit caldera like its larger and more well known neighbor to the south, Karthala Karthala volcano . The basaltic La Grille volcano also contrasts with Karthala in its abundance of pyroclastic cones up to 800m in height ref http www.volcano.si.edu world volcano.cfm?vnum 0303 001&volpage photos&photo 104055 ref . The cones were erupted along fissures paralleling the summit ridge, which has an irregular profile and is elongated in a N S direction, and from radial fissures that reach as far as the coast ref http www.volcano.si.edu world volcano.cfm?vnum 0303 001 ref . Recent lava flows , some perhaps as young as a few hundred years, have reached the sea from fissures on the lower western, northern, and eastern flanks. Geography La Grille is located on the island of Grande Comore, an island in the Comoros in the Comoros archipelago bounded by the Mozambique Channel in the Ocean Indian. Occupying the northern island of Grande Comore, bound on the south by the Karthala , another volcano rising to 2361 meters. The road going around the island of Grande Comore via the coast sides the east, north and west of La Grille connecting the airport Prince Said Ibrahim to the west. Many villages are located near the coast and on the volcano where there are also electricity pylons. La Grille appears as a mountain range, elongated in a north south, consisting ... world volcano.cfm?vnum 0303 001 . Unlike its neighbor Karthala, La Grille does not have caldera ...?vnum 0303 001 Global Volcanism Program La Grille References references Siebert L, Simkin T 2002 ... world . Global Volcanism Program DEFAULTSORT Grille, La Category Volcanoes of Comoros fr La Grille sk La Grille ... more details
A speaker grille or speaker grill is usually found in front of many consumer and industrial loudspeakers , and consists of either a hard or soft wikt screen screen wikt grill grille mounted directly over the face of the speaker driver. Its main purpose is to protect the driver element and speaker internals and possibly other audio components from foreign objects while still allowing the sound to clearly pass. However, because it sits in the direct path of the driver, the grille interacts with the sound produced. A suitable compromise between protection and sound quality must be made based on the speaker s application. Types Soft Grilles Soft grilles can be made from any well suited cloth , weaving , stitching , foam , fabric upholstery upholsteries and other similar materials. In general, soft grilles impose little resistance on the speaker driver because the material is free to move synchronously with the sound waves. Because the grille is capable of absorbing this vibration, softer grilles are in general less prone to rattling except at extremely high sound pressure level s. Soft grilles offer protection from small, lightweight objects, and may be water resistant to some degree but could be susceptible to being torn, or even stretched enough to reach the driver. Hard Grilles Hard grilles can be made from many types of construction material including metal, wood or plastic. Some solid grilles are made from a board or sheet of material with holes drilled or cut for the sound to pass, while others are made with thin strips of material either crosshatched together or equally spaced ..., the speaker s output level must be considered when designing the grille. A grille with more holes ... Some types of speakers have such eccentric characteristics that a grille would interact too ... , on the other hand, produce such a violent sound wave that a grille is very susceptible to rattling ... simply don t need a grille, perhaps because they are enclosed in a case such as speakers found inside ... more details
Infobox Company company name Congo Grille company logo Image Congogrilllogo.jpg company type Public foundation Quezon City , Philippines 1999 location Pasig City , Philippines locations 10 key people Kenneth Sytin founder industry Restaurants products Philippine cuisine br Grilling Grilled food homepage http www.congogrille.com home.html www.congogrille.com Congo Grille is a restaurant chain chain of family restaurant s in the Philippines named for its Africa n jungle themed interiors. ref name Congo cite web url http www.manilastandardtoday.com ?page goodLife01 aug16 2006 title Go ape over Congo Grille publisher Manila Standard Today date August 16, 2006 accessdate 2008 11 20 ref In contrast to the decor, the cuisine is predominantly Filipino food Filipino with a smidgen of Western and Chinese foods. The award winning restaurant is also popularly known as The Sisig King for its recent achievements in a food feast celebrating the favorite Filipino dish. ref name Congo2 cite web url http www.malaya.com.ph aug28 livi4.htm title Sisig King franchise store opens in Cubao date August 28, 2009 accessdate 2009 09 12 publisher Malaya The National Newspaper ref The chain has future plans to build stores overseas, especially in the United States. ref cite web url http www.mb.com.ph issues 2006 ... 2010 bot H3llBot ref History Image Congogrillebranch.jpg thumb left Congo Grille at SM City Clark in Angeles City Congo Grille was established in 1999 by Kenneth Sytin and his brothers. That year, the business .... ref name Ape cite web url http www.tribune.net.ph etc 20080727etc6.html title Congo Grille creates ... 2007 08 23 congo grille opens at trinoma more 20 Congo Grille Opens at Trimona . DBMedia. Retrieved ... in a safari outfit for entertaining youngsters. ref name Congo Congo Grille was opened for franchising ... meal of sisig , rice and iced tea In 2007, Congo Grille, along with other companies, organized a party ... feb09 livi5.htm title Congo Grille cooks for a cause date February 9, 2009 accessdate 2009 02 15 ... more details
wiktionarypar aperture An aperture is an opening, in particular one whose size determines what can or cannot pass through. The term can in particular refer to Aperture of an optical system, the opening that limits the amount of light that can pass through Aperture computer memory , a region of the physical address space that opens access to a particular device or memory unit Aperture synthesis Synthetic aperture , a method in radioastronomy and radar measurements Aperture antenna , a physical parameter of an antenna Aperture mollusc , the main opening in the shell of a gastropod or scaphopod mollusc Aperture botany , a weaker spot in the wall of a pollen grain Aperture magazine , a long running art photography magazine Aperture software , an image organization and editing program for photographers, sold by Apple Inc. Aperture surgery , the opening providing access into a patient s body, created by spreading apart the margins of an incision Aperture typography , an enclosed loop in a typographical symbol such as the lower part of the letter a Do not add Aperture Science here. It is not ambiguous with aperture . Per WP MOSDAB , it does not belong on this disambiguation page. See also Aperture problem , an ambiguity of motion direction Aperturegrille , a prominent cathode ray tube display technology Numerical aperture is a parameter used to describe optical systems Do not add Aperture Science here. It s not notable enough to have its own article, and so does not belong on a dab page. disambig bg cs Clona rozcestn k de Apertur Begriffskl rung nl Apertura ru uk ... more details
, which has a large aperture and a pronounced parietal callus . The aperture is an opening in certain ... emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc. The term aperture is used for the main opening in gastropod ... a main anterior aperture and a smaller posterior aperture. As well as the aperture, some gastropod shells ... called orifices. In gastropods In some prosobranch gastropods, the aperture of the shell can be closed, and even completely sealed, with a sort of door or operculum gastropod operculum . The aperture ... roughly to the cross section of the body whorl of the shell. The aperture of a snail shell can have many other forms semicircular, trilobate or auriculate . In some gastropods, the aperture is narrowed ... to predation. Terminology For convenience of reference, the margin of a gastropod aperture ... of the shell Shape Shape of the aperture can be bean for example Aerotrochus perdepressa ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Bean Aperture ... conspersula ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Crescent Aperture shape Crescent . accessed 3 January 2011. ref half moon example Alcadia citrinolabris ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Half moon Aperture shape Half moon . accessed 3 January 2011. ref oval or teardrop ... Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Oval or teardrop Aperture shape Oval or teardrop . accessed 3 January 2011. ref gallery File Indrella ampulla shell.jpg Indrella ampulla has an oval aperture ... state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Round Aperture shape Round . accessed 3 January 2011. ref gallery File Valvata sincera shell lateral.jpg Valvata sincera has a rounded aperture. File Valvata piscinalis drawing apertural view.jpg rounded aperture of Valvata piscinalis can be covered ... griffithii ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Dynamic aperture is a term in acoustics used very much like aperture in photography. The arrays in side scan sonar can be programmed to transmit just a few elements at a time or all the elements at once. The more elements transmitting, the narrower the beam and the better the Audio bit depth resolution . The ratio of the aperture size to the imaging depth is known as the F number. Dynamic aperture is keeping this number constant by growing the aperture with the imaging depth until the physical aperture cannot be increased. A modern medical ultrasound machine has a typical F number of 0.5. Side Scan Sonar systems produce images by forming angular beams . Beam width is determined by length of the sonar array, narrower beams resolve finer detail. Longer arrays with narrower beams provide finer spatial resolution. Missing image removed Image beam.jpg Category Acoustics physics stub ... more details
photography a user would select a small aperture when photographing a waterfall , hoping ... might choose to open the lens to its maximum aperture in hopes of getting enough light for a good exposure. In addition, aperture priority mode allows the photographer to force the camera to operate the lens at its optimum apertures within its aperture range for a given focal length of the lens ... aperture. See also Mode dial Shutter priority DEFAULTSORT Aperture Priority Category Photography ... th Aperture priority zh ... more details
Image Angular aperture.svg right The angular aperture of a thin lens with focal point at F and an aperture of diameter math d math . thumb 250px The angular aperture of a lens optics lens is the apparent angle of the lens aperture as seen from the Focus optics focal point math a 2 arctan left frac D 2 f right math where math f math is the focal length math D math is the diameter of the aperture . Relation to numerical aperture In a medium with an index of refraction close to 1, such as air, the angular aperture is approximately equal to twice the numerical aperture of the lens. ref citebook title Studies in Optics author Albert Abraham Michelson year 1995 publisher Courier Dover pages 32 isbn 0486687007 url http books.google.com books?id m2tUZ4 8WGMC&pg PA32&dq 22Angular aperture 22&as brr 3&ei y 9Rob9J5PM6AKqhLX6Dg&ie ISO 8859 1&output html&sig 5iQK7FL25va8a06vSbx gTFOGLg ref Formally, the numerical aperture in air is math mathrm NA sin a 2 sin arctan left frac D 2 f right math In the paraxial approximation , with a small aperture, math D f math math mathrm NA approx a 2 math References refs See also f number Numerical aperture Category Optics Category Angle de ffnungswinkel es Apertura angular it Apertura angolare zh ... more details
Aperture is a quarterly photography magazine and a book publisher based in Chelsea, Manhattan New York , New York , USA . The magazine is published by Aperture Foundation , a non profit organization devoted to fine art photography . Magazine Inspired by the production quality of Alfred Stieglitz s then defunct Camera Work , Aperture magazine was founded by Minor White , Ansel Adams , Dorothea Lange , Barbara Morgan photographer Barbara Morgan , Nancy Newhall and Beaumont Newhall . ref name ap http www.aperture.org Aperture.org official site ref White, himself a photographer, edited the magazine from its first issue in 1952 until 1975. ref name glbtq cite web url http www.glbtq.com arts white m.html title Minor White 1908 1976 last Lockard first Ray Anne work glbtq.com date 2002 accessdate 2010 04 21 ref He died in 1976. The first iteration of the magazine closed in 1964. Hoffman, a close friend and former student of then editor White, later restored the magazine, becoming its publisher ... in the United States and Europe. Aperture agreed to publish Arbus catalog and it was released in time for the show as Diane Arbus An Aperture Monograph . Book publisher Aperture s book publication program began in 1965, with Edward Weston The Flame of Recognition , which became one of Aperture s best selling titles. ref name ap In 1984, Aperture also published The Golden Age of British Photography, 1839 1900 , which featured restored, British Victorian era Victorian Era photography. Aperture Foundation As of 2009, Both Aperture magazine and its book publishing arm are run by the nonprofit arts institution the Aperture Foundation. In 2003, the Foundation instituted the first Aperture Michael E. Hoffman Award, in memory of Michael E. Hoffman died 2001 , who was Aperture s publisher for 37 years. The Aperture Foundation sponsors limited edition portfolios, lectures, conferences and touring ... in 1952 Category Magazines published in New York es Aperture revista ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2010 Aperture was founded in 1952 by Ansel Adams , Minor White , Barbara Morgan photographer Barbara Morgan , Dorothea Lange , Nancy Newhall , Beaumont Newhall , Ernest Louie, Melton Ferris, and Dody Warren. Their vision was to create a forum for fine art photography, a new concept at the time. The first issue of Aperture magazine was published in spring 1952 in San Francisco. Aperture s efforts increased respect for photography and its popularity among contemporary artists soared. As a not for profit, Aperture is dedicated to serving the public. Today, as at its inception, the foundation is committed to shining a spotlight on work that is new and challenging while providing a forum for reevaluations of the history of the medium. Intellectual rigor and calculated risk taking have always defined Aperture Foundation, as expressed by the mission statement blockquote The purpose of Aperture Foundation, a non profit organization, is to advance photography in all its forms and to foster the exchange of ideas among audiences worldwide. blockquote Image vt 1.jpg thumb Books Aperture is known as publisher of photography books, with more than 120 titles in print. Some, like the Diane Arbus Monograph, have become perennial classics. Several of Aperture s approximately 20 new titles a year are hailed as best photography books by industry leaders. Any given season, at least one, and frequently two or three new books are the first ever for the artist in question. Aperture also supports the efforts of other non profit organizations by partnering on books, exhibitions, and educational programming. Exhibitions Aperture is also an originator of photography exhibitions since the 1980s many travel, to a total of more than 25 venues in the U.S. and abroad each year. Aperture s Chelsea gallery regularly showcases exhibitions organized by sister institutions that otherwise would not be seen in New York City. Category Photography organizations Category Visual arts ... more details
other uses Aperture disambiguation Infobox Software developer Apple Inc. logo Image Aperture Icon.png 64px 64px Apple Aperture screenshot Image Apple Aperture.png 270px Aperture caption Aperture 3, demonstrating ... Proprietary website http www.apple.com aperture Apple Aperture Homepage Aperture is a photo editing ... 2005 12 aperture.html title Macworld Aperture 1.0.1 Review publisher Macworld.com date 2005 12 26 ... nl app aperture id408981426?mt 12 title Aperture in de Mac App Store publisher Itunes.apple.com ... slideshow s, and printing photographs. Features of Aperture include non destructive editing , organization ... , Facebook , SmugMug , and Apple s MobileMe service. Aperture 3, the latest version of the software ... Mac App Store ref cite web url http itunes.apple.com us app aperture id408981426?mt 12 title Aperture ... in place on import or migrated into the Aperture library. RAW Fine Tune, allowing version of RAW ... FTP or Webdav . Full featured full screen mode, for editing and sorting images. Aperture 2.0 Aperture ... first Russ url http www.macworld.com article 132459 2008 03 aperture2.html title Macworld Aperture ... for editing plug ins, including Apple s own dodging and burning tool Aperture 2.1 . ref cite web url http www.apple.com aperture resources plugins.html title Aperture Resources Plug ins publisher Apple.com date accessdate 2011 02 15 ref Aperture 3.0 Aperture 3.0 was released on February 9, 2010 ref cite web url http www.prnewswire.com news releases apple releases aperture 3 83877837.html title Apple ... version of Aperture to require an Intel based Macintosh computer previous versions could ... the main enhancements as follows ref cite web url http www.apple.com aperture features title ... Custom Aperture presets for download publisher Aperturepresets.tumblr.com date 2011 01 23 accessdate ... and stamp, image export, versions created using an external editor. 1.5.3 April 19, 2007 Aperture 1.5.3 ... sets of keywords in the Keywords HUD, restoring from a vault. 1.5.6 October 26, 2007 Aperture 1.5.6 ... more details
Image Aperture card.JPG 400px right An aperture card is a type of punched card with a cut out window into which a chip of microform microfilm is mounted. Such a card is used for archive archiving or for making multiple inexpensive copies of a document for ease of distribution. The card is typically punched with machine readable metadata associated with the microfilm image, and printed across the top of the card for visual identification. The microfilm chip is most commonly 35mm in height, and contains an optics optically reduced image, usually of some type of reference document, such as an engineering drawing , that is the focus of the archiving process. Aperture cards have several advantages and disadvantages when compared to digital systems. Machinery exists to automatically store, retrieve, sort, duplicate, create, and digitize cards with a high level of automation. While many aperture ... systems. Usage Aperture cards are used for engineering drawings from all engineering disciplines. The U.S. Department of Defense once made extensive use of aperture cards, and some are still in use, but most ... use of aperture cards ref Information about the drawing, for example the drawing number, could be both ... and a light source. Advantages Aperture cards have, for archival purposes, some advantages over digital ... paper first Ed last LoTurco title The Engineering Aperture Card Still Active, Still Vital publisher ... are now available that Image scanner scan aperture cards and produce a digital version. ref For example, this aperture card scanner from http www.oceusa.com main product detail.jsp?FOLDER 3C 3Efolder id 1408474395186237&PRODUCT 3C 3Eprd id 845524441761057 Oce ref Aperture card plotters are machines that use a laser to create the image on the film. ref For example, this aperture card plotter ... format of Aperture cards from WIPO . http www.green sheet.net tutorial2.6.htm Detailed information regarding duplicating microforms and aperture cards References Reflist Category Archival science Category ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 In radio antenna radio antenna design, antenna aperture or effective area is a measure of how effective an antenna is at collecting or transmitting radio wave s. The aperture ... PFD watts per square metre, the antenna s aperture in square metres is . ref name Bakshi cite book ... waves in watts per square metre, multiplied by its aperture in square metres. The larger an antenna s aperture is, the more power it can collect from a given field of radio waves. It is assumed ... power is transferred to the load. The aperture of a transmitting antenna can be similarly .... The transmitting aperture of an antenna is equal to its receiving aperture, due to the reciprocity electromagnetism reciprocity theorem. Aperture efficiency In general, the aperture of an antenna is not directly ... and Horn antenna horns , have a physical aperture opening which collects the radio waves. In these aperture antennas , the effective aperture A sub eff sub is always less than the area of the physical aperture A sub phys sub of the antenna. An antenna s aperture efficiency , e sub a sub is defined as the ratio of these two areas math e a frac A eff A phys , math The aperture efficiency is a dimensionless ... power entering its physical aperture. If the antenna were perfectly efficient, all the radio power falling within its physical aperture would be converted to electrical power delivered to the load attached to its output terminals, so these two areas would be equal A sub eff sub A sub phys sub and the aperture ... waves scattered by structural supports and diffraction at the aperture edge, which reduce the power output. Aperture efficiencies of typical antennas vary from 0.35 to 0.70 but can range up to 0.90. Aperture ... be shown that the aperture of an isotropic antenna, which by definition has unity gain, is math ... is proportional to its aperture math G frac 4 pi A eff lambda 2 frac 4 pi A phys e a lambda 2 , math ..., and are much less sensitive to waves coming from other directions. Both the gain and aperture are measured ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lateral aperture Latin apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti GraySubject 187 GrayPage 798 Image Lateral ventricle.gif Caption Three dimensional space Three dimensional representation of the ventricular system of the human brain. The fourth ventricle is the lower blue mass. The little points sticking out on the left and right are the two parts of the lateral recess, which end in the foramen of Luschka. Image2 Human caudal brainstem posterior view description.JPG Caption2 Human caudal brainstem posterior view Lateral aperture is 18 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym LA4V BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 637 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 51 DorlandsSuf 12144677 The lateral aperture is a paired structure in human anatomy. It is an opening in each lateral extremity of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle of the human brain . Along with the single median aperture , the two lateral aperatures provide a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain s ventricular system into the subarachnoid space . The structure is also called the lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle or the foramen of Luschka after anatomist Hubert von Luschka . ref http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 2391.html Hubert Von Luschka at whonamedit.com ref References reflist Gray s Fourth ventricle Category Nervous system neuroscience stub nl Apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti ... more details
Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection .... Technical issues Aperture synthesis is possible only if both the amplitude and the phase waves phase ... which became possible only in the 1990s . This is why imaging with aperture synthesis has been used ... images. Differences Image Earth rotation aperture synthesis.jpg thumb 300px Most aperture synthesis ... image quality from the 15 baselines between the telescopes. Most aperture synthesis interferometers ..., such as in Aperture Masking Interferometry aperture masking interferometry . History Aperture ... intensive Fourier Transform inversions required, they used aperture synthesis to create a One Mile and later a 5km effective aperture using the One Mile Telescope One Mile and Ryle Telescope Ryle ... to obtain baselines of thousands of km. Aperture synthesis is also used by a type of radar system known as synthetic aperture radar , and even in optical interferometry optical telescopes ... the information exactly equivalent to the image from a conventional telescope with an aperture diameter equal to the maximum baseline, hence the name aperture synthesis . It was rapidly discovered ... the complete aperture allowing image reconstruction by Fourier transform to trying to synthesise .... Other wavelengths Aperture synthesis imaging has been demonstrated in the optical and infrared, first using aperture masking interferometry and later using arrays of separated telescopes. As of 2006 four optical infrared interferometer arrays have released aperture synthesis images Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope COAST , Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer NPOI , Infrared Optical ... aperture radar IfSAR or InSAR Synthetic array heterodyne detection Synthetic aperture radar SAR and Inverse synthetic aperture radar ISAR Synthetic aperture sonar Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry External links http www.webcitation.org 5kmnhRe25 Further details of aperture synthesis in radio ... more details
Context date February 2008 Refimprove date July 2007 Image formation, normally done at optical wavelengths by lenses and mirrors, must be done for non focusable wavelengths via image modulation. The pinhole camera is the most basic form of such a modulation imager, but a single aperture mask can contain many holes, in one of several particular patterns, to improve the throughput for hard X ray s and Gamma ray &gamma rays , for example. Multiple masks, at varying distances from a detector, add flexibility to this tool. Specifically the modulation collimator , invented by Minoru Oda , was used to identify the first cosmic X ray source and thereby to launch the new field of X ray astronomy in 1965. Many other applications in other fields, such tomography , have since appeared. In a coded aperture more complicated than a pinhole camera , images from multiple apertures will overlap at the plate or detector array. It is thus necessary to use a computational algorithm which depends on the precise configuration of the aperture arrays to reconstruct the original image. In this way a sharp image can be achieved without a lens. The image is formed from the whole array of sensors and is therefore tolerant to faults in individual sensors on the other hand it accepts more background radiation than a focusing optics imager e.g., a refracting or reflecting telescope , and therefore is normally not favored at wavelengths where these techniques can be applied. The coded aperture imaging technique is one of the earliest forms of computational photography and has a strong affinity to astronomical interferometry Well known types of masks URA MURA Levin Veeraraghavan External links Coded Aperture Imaging in High Energy Astronomy http astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov cai In the news http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi technology 7553622.stm optics stub Category Radiation Category Observational astronomy ru ... more details
Image Numerical aperture.svg right thumb The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half ... aperture NA of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles ... , the numerical aperture of an optical system such as an objective lens is defined by math mathrm ... marginal ray in the system. The angular aperture of the lens is approximately twice this value ... is the wavelength of the light. A lens with a larger numerical aperture will be able to visualize finer details than a lens with a smaller numerical aperture. Assuming quality diffraction limited optics ... image, but will provide shallower depth of field . Numerical aperture is used to define the pit size ... ray by Steve Kindig, Crutchfield Advisor . Accessed 2008 01 18. ref Numerical aperture versus f number Image Numerical aperture for a lens.svg thumb 250px right Numerical aperture of a thin lens . Numerical aperture is not typically used in photography . Instead, the angular aperture of a photographic ... is related to the image space numerical aperture when the lens is focused at infinity. ref name Greivenkamp Based on the diagram at the right, the image space numerical aperture of the lens is math ... aperture is small, and it is nearly exact even at large numerical apertures for well corrected ..., and defining it in terms of numerical aperture may be more meaningful. Working or effective f number ... aperture. In this case, the numerical aperture is related to what is sometimes called the working ... http books.google.com ?id 1YfZNWZAwCAC&pg PA29&dq inauthor greivenkamp numerical aperture p. 29. ref ...&pg PP14&dq working f number aperture ref The magnification here is typically negative in photography ... pupil 22 ref Conversely, the object side numerical aperture is related to the f number by way .... math Laser physics In laser physics , the numerical aperture is defined slightly differently. Laser ... beams typically do not have sharp edges like the cone of light that passes through the aperture ... more details
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