File 811 10th Av antenna tower jeh.jpg thumb Telephone exchange with later antennas mounted higher for antifade Antennadiversity , also known as space diversity , is any one of several wireless diversity ... antenna. Antennadiversity is especially effective at mitigating these Multipath propagation .... Antenna Techniques Antennadiversity can be realized in several ways. Depending on the environment ... antenna is switched in. Switching is the easiest and least power consuming of the antennadiversity ... of low fading, the receiver can employ no diversity and use the signal presented by a single antenna ... I added Antennadiversity is a transmission technique in which the information carrying signal ... at both ends of the link is termed space time code space time coding . Antennadiversity for MIMO ... and Y. Kim. AntennaDiversity Strengthens Wireless LANs. Communication Systems Design, pages 15 22, Jan 2003 S.M. Lindenmeier, L.M. Reiter, D.E. Barie and J.F. Hopf. AntennaDiversity for Improving ... signal. Each antenna will experience a different interference environment. Thus, if one antenna ... such a system can provide a robust link. While this is primarily seen in receiving systems diversity reception , the analog has also proven valuable for transmitting systems transmit diversity as well. Inherently an antennadiversity scheme requires additional hardware and integration versus a single antenna system but due to the commonality of the signal paths a fair amount of circuitry can ... diversity employs multiple antennas, usually with the same characteristics, that are physically separated ... network Cellularization or sectorization, for example, is a spatial diversity scheme that can ... interference. Pattern diversity consists of two or more co located antennas with different radiation pattern s. This type of diversity makes use of directive antennas that are usually physically ... diversity combines pairs of antennas with orthogonal Polarization waves polarizations i.e. horizontal ... more details
wiktionary diversity wikiquote Science and technology Biodiversity , the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Diversity Index , a statistic intended to assess the diversity of any population in which each member belongs to a unique group, type or species. Diversity scheme , a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by using multiple communications channels. Antennadiversity , a method of wireless communication that use two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of the link. Sociology, economics, law, and politics Multiculturalism , or ethnic diversity, the promotion of multiple ethnic cultures Diversity business , the business tactic which encourages diversity to better serve a heterogeneous customer base Diversity politics , the political and social policy of encouraging tolerance for people of different backgrounds Diversity jurisdiction , a concept under which U.S. federal courts can hear suits between parties from different states Diversification finance involves spreading investments Diversification marketing strategy is a corporate strategy to decrease market penetration Team composition Other Diversity dance troupe , an English dance troupe who won the third series of Britain s Got Talent Diversity training , the process of educating employees, students or volunteers to function in a diverse environment disambig ar bg da Diversitet de Diversit t nl Diversiteit ja pt Diversidade tr e itlilik ... more details
merge Antenna radio date October 2010 A T antenna , or Tee antenna , is an Antenna radio antenna whereby a vertical or sloping wire is connected to the approximate centre of a straight horizontal top wire. ref Cite web Author Edwards R. J. date 1 August 2005 url http www.smeter.net antennas tantenna.php format PHP title The Simple Tee Antenna publisher S Meter ref This forms its characteristic Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names T shape . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT T Antenna Category Antennas radio Tech stub de T Antenne ... more details
style float right wiktionarypar antenna Tocright Antenna pl. antennas in radio TV, antennae in biology may refer to Science and engineering Antenna radio , also known as an aerial, a transducer designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic e.g. TV or radio waves Television antenna or TV aerial , is an antenna ... , the name of two colliding galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 Technology Antenna tower , typically a tall ..., including television Antenna array , a collection of simple antennas called elements ... A Phased Array is an antenna array capable of steering its directional beam in one or more directions ... components called phase shifters into the feed system that connects to the individual antenna elements that make up the face of the array. Dipole antenna , a simple antenna usually constructed ... relationships are maintained so as to maximize radiation from the antenna. The dipole is fed at its input by an appropriate source of RF energy. Directional antenna , or beam antenna, radiates greater ... by various design methods. Horn antenna , a type of directional antenna shaped like horn, usually ... varying angular width over a limited frequency range. Metamaterial antenna , a class of antenna incorporating metamaterials to increase performance of a miniaturized electrically small antenna systems Omnidirectional antenna , an antenna system which radiates power uniformly in all directions ... the antenna normally drops off gradually on both sides of the plane of omnidirectionality until it approaches .... Parabolic antenna , An antenna type generally used at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies ... planes and fed by a smaller antenna system located near the parabolic focus. The feed antenna is often, but not always, complex and may be composed of more than one simple antenna such as horns, dipoles ... of the system the antenna itself plus ancillary transmitting and or receiving equipment . Simple versions of this antenna type are used for radio, television and data communications. More complex ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2008 Notability Notability date December 2008 Diversity coding is a particular technique for antennadiversity and is implemented by Space time code space time coding . Category Radio resource management wireless stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Transmit diversity is radio communication using signals that originate from two or more independent sources that have been modulation modulated with identical information bearing signals and that may vary in their transmission characteristic s at any given instant. It can help overcome the effects of fading , outages, and Electronic circuit circuit failures. When using diversity transmission and reception, the amount of received signal improvement depends on the independence of the fading characteristics of the signal as well as circuit outages and failures. See also AntennadiversityDiversity gain Diversity scheme Dynamic Single Frequency Networks DSFN Macro diversity Multiple input multiple output communications MIMO Single frequency networks SFN Space time block coding based transmit diversity STTD Soft handover DEFAULTSORT Transmit Diversity Category Radio resource management Wireless stub ... more details
of wireless transmission, it can be achieved by antennadiversity using multiple transmitter antennas transmit diversity and or multiple receiving antennas reception diversity . In the latter case, a diversity ... quality information to the transmitter with the limited level of resolution. Cooperative diversity Achieves antennadiversity gain by using the cooperation of distributed antennas belonging to each node. See also Space time coding STC Antennadiversity Macrodiversity Diversity combining Aperture synthesis Cooperative diversity Channel access method Fresnel zone Tropospheric scatter External links http www.radioblvd.com DiversityDD1.html Diversity reception Background information of the development of Diversity reception devices. http www.antenna theory.com arrays diversity.php Antenna ...Image Space diversity.gif thumb right 120px Terrestrial microwave radio system with two antenna arrays configured for space diversity In telecommunications , a diversity scheme refers to a method for improving ... channels with different characteristics. Diversity plays an important role in combatting fading and co .... Diversity techniques may exploit the multipath propagation , resulting in a diversity gain , often measured in decibels . The following classes of diversity schemes can be identified Time diversity .... Frequency diversity The signal is transmitted using several frequency channels or spread over ... or DS CDMA . Space diversity The signal is transmitted over several different propagation paths. In the case ... macrodiversity or site diversity . If the antennas are at a distance in the order of one wavelength , this is called microdiversity . A special case is phased antenna array s, which also can ... diversity Multiple versions of a signal are transmitted and received via antennas with different polarization. A diversity combining technique is applied on the receiver side. Multiuser diversity Multiuser diversity is obtained by opportunistic user scheduling at either the transmitter or the receiver ... more details
Cooperative diversity is a cooperative multiple antenna technique for improving or maximising total network channel capacity channel capacities for any given set of bandwidths which exploits user Diversity scheme diversity by decoding the combined signal of the relayed signal and the direct signal in wireless ..., whereas the cooperative diversity considers the other signal as contribution. That is, cooperative diversity decodes the information from the combination of two signals. Hence, it can be seen that cooperative diversity is an antennadiversity that uses distributed antennas belonging to each node in a wireless network. Note that user cooperation is another definition of cooperative diversity ... cooperative diversity can be also achieved by multi hop relay networking systems. Relaying Strategies Cooperative diversity can be performed based on a few different relaying strategies such as amplify ... schemes. It provides power gain and diversity gain simultaneously. System model We consider a wireless ... by signal relaying. There is no increase in the diversity order since this scheme exploits only the relayed ... for. When we can take advantage of such a signal and increase in diversity order results. Thus, in the following ... two signals received from the source and the relay nodes which results in the diversity advantage. The whole ... network parameters. Trade off It is noteworthy that cooperative diversity can increase the diversity ... off between the diversity gain and the waste of the spectrum resource in cooperative diversity. Channel Capacity of Cooperative Diversity In June 2005, A. H st Madsen published a paper in depth ... hoc network Technologies Cooperative wireless communications Cooperative MIMO Diversity scheme s Dynamic ... Multiple input multiple output communications MIMO Multi user MIMO Diversity combining Transmit diversityDiversity gain External references A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip, and B. Aazhang, User Cooperation Diversity Part I and Part II, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 51, no. 11, November 2003, pp. ... more details
for diversity combining equipment designed for use with mobile data will describe this in detail. ref References reflist 2 See also Diversity scheme s Transmit diversityAntennadiversity Aperture synthesis Cooperative diversity smart antenna Category Telecommunications terms Category Radio resource ...Diversity combining is the technique applied to combine the multiple received signals of a diversity scheme diversity reception device into a single improved signal. Various techniques Various diversity combining techniques can be distinguished Selection combining Of the N received signals, the strongest signal is selected. When the N signals are independent and Rayleigh distribution Rayleigh distributed , the expected diversity gain has been shown to be math sum k 1 N frac 1 k math , expressed as a power ratio. ref D.G. Brennan, Linear diversity combining techniques, Proc. IRE , vol.47, no.1, pp.1075 1102, June 1959 ref Therefore, any additional gain diminishes rapidly with the increasing number ... hand held radios communicate with a base station radio over a single frequency, space diversity is achieved by having several receivers at different sites. Diversity combining, or voting , in two way ... and 5884192 Diversity Combining for Antennas. ref image voting.png 300px right thumb System diagram for a water utility two way radio system with voting. image diversity system diagram.png 300px right ..., as well as the best diversity reception path. Walkie talkie talk back range When communicating with hand ... will acquire a usable signal from two way radios in a system.. Interference reduction Diversity ... The majority of installations using diversity combining equipment continually evaluate the best received ..., diversity combining equipment is configured to lock on a receiver. For example, in some rural ... system with two base stations north and south. If the diversity combining equipment votes ... receivers causes lost data packets. The diversity combining equipment switches fast enough that syllables ... more details
Functional diversity is a politically and socially correct term for special needs , disability , impairment and handicap , which began to be used in Argentina in scientific writing, at the initiative of those directly affected, in 2005. ref cite paper title Functional diversity, a new term in the struggle for dignity in the diversity of the human being author Javier Roma ach and Manuel Lobato work Independent Living Forum Spain &mdash May 2005 format PDF url http www.leeds.ac.uk disability studies archiveuk zavier Functional 20Diversity 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 fv 20Roma F1ach.pdf ref This term is intended to replace other ones with pejorative semantics. It proposes a shift towards non negative, non disparaging and non patronizing terms. The formal justification of the term can be found in the book El Modelo de la Diversidad by Agustina Palacios and Javier Roma ach, 2007, ISBN 978 84 964 7440. Examples of usage people with functional diversity instead of people with special needs physical functional diversity mobility functional diversity , person who uses a wheelchair , wheelchair user motor functional diversity dexterity functional diversity visual functional diversity , people who use screen readers as their primary means of accessing a computer people with a visual processing functional diversity auditory functional diversity mental functional diversity intellectual functional diversity cognitive functional diversity organic functional diversity circumstantial and or temporary functional diversity person with a functional diversity persons without functional diversity rather than normal or healthy people without functional diversity , typically developing children References reflist Further reading cite journal journal Disabil Rehabil. date 2007 Oct 30&ndash Nov 15 volume 29 issue 20&ndash 21 pages 1625&ndash 1633 title Constructive Functional Diversity a new paradigm beyond disability and impairment. author Patston P. pmid 17896220 doi 10.1080 09638280701618778 ... more details
The term gamma diversitydiversity was introduced by R. H. Whittaker ref name Whittaker1960 Whittaker ..., 279 338. ref together with the terms alpha diversitydiversity and beta diversitydiversity . Whittaker s idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a more local scale and the differentiation among those habitats . According to this reasoning, alpha diversity and beta diversity constitute independent components of gamma diversity math gamma alpha times beta math Scale considerations ... has been reached on what spatial scales are appropriate to quantify gamma diversity. ref Whittaker ... diversity. Journal of Biogeography 28 453 470. DOI 10.1046 j.1365 2699.2001.00563.x ref It has therefore been proposed that the definition of gamma diversity does not need to be tied to a specific spatial scale, but gamma diversity can be measured for an existing dataset at any scale of interest. ref name Tuomisto2010a Tuomisto, H. 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. Ecography ..., it needs to be taken into account that the species diversity in the dataset generally gives an underestimation of the species diversity in a larger area. The smaller the available sample in relation .... 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 2. Quantifying beta diversity and related phenomena. Ecography, 33, 23 45. doi 10.1111 j.1600 0587.2009.06148.x ref The degree of underestimation can be estimated from a species area curve . Different gamma diversity concepts Researchers have used different ways to define species diversitydiversity , which in practice has led to different definitions of gamma diversity as well. Often researchers use the values given by one or more Diversity index diversity indices , such as species richness , the Shannon index or the Simpson ... more details
In wireless communications, diversity gain is the increase in signal to interference ratio due to some diversity scheme , or how much the transmission power can be reduced when a diversity scheme is introduced, without a performance loss. Diversity gain is usually expressed in decibel , and sometimes as a power ratio. An example is soft handoff gain. For selection combining N signals are received, and the strongest signal is selected. When the N signals are independent and Rayleigh distributed, the expected diversity gain has been shown to be math sum k 1 N frac 1 k math , expressed as a power ratio. ref D.G. Brennan, Linear diversity combining techniques, Proc. IRE , vol.47, no.1, pp.1075 1102, June 1959 ref See also Array gain Diversity combining References references Category radio resource management Wireless stub ... more details
The term alpha diversitydiversity was introduced by R. H. Whittaker ref name Whittaker1960 Whittaker ... Diversity. Taxon, 21, 213 251. doi 10.2307 1218190 ref together with the terms beta diversitydiversity and gamma diversitydiversity . Whittaker s idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape gamma diversity is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a more local scale alpha diversity and the differentiation among those habitats beta diversity . Scale considerations Both the area or landscape of interest and the sites or habitats within ... spatial scales are appropriate to quantify alpha diversity. ref Whittaker, R. J. et al. 2001 . Scale and species richness towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography ... of alpha diversity does not need to be tied to a specific spatial scale alpha diversity ... Tuomisto, H. 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. Ecography, 33, 2 22. doi 10.1111 ... into account that the species diversity in the subunits generally gives an underestimation of the species diversity in larger areas. ref Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A. 1994 Estimating terrestrial .... ref ref Tuomisto, H. 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 2. Quantifying beta diversity and related phenomena. Ecography, 33, 23 45. doi 10.1111 j.1600 0587.2009.06148.x ref Different alpha diversity concepts Ecologists have used several slightly different definitions of alpha diversity. Whittaker himself used the term both for the species diversity in a single subunit and for the mean species diversity in a collection of subunits. ref name Whittaker1960 ref name Whittaker1972 It has been argued that defining alpha diversity as a mean across all relevant subunits is preferable, because it agrees better with Whittaker s idea that total species diversity ... more details
Biocultural diversitydiversity of life in all its manifestations biology biological , culture cultural , and linguistics linguistic which are interrelated within a complex socio ecological adaptive system. ref http portal.unesco.org education en ev.php URL ID 18391&URL DO DO TOPIC&URL SECTION 201.html UNESCO web page on biocultural diversity ref See also Portal box Ecology Environment Sustainable Development Biocultural anthropology Biocultural evolution Conservation movement Cultural landscape Ecology Ecosystem Environmental protection Terralingua http www.terralingua.org bcdconservation Biocultural Diversity Conservation References Reflist External links http www.unesco.org mab doc iyb icbcd working doc.pdf UNESCO web page on biocultural diversity http www.terralingua.org Terralingua http www.terralingua.org bcdconservation Biocultural Diversity Conservation Category Biodiversity Category Anthropology environment stub anthropology stub ... more details
The term beta diversitydiversity was introduced by R. H. Whittaker ref name Whittaker1960 Whittaker ..., 279 338. ref together with the terms alpha diversitydiversity and gamma diversitydiversity . The idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity at the habitat level and the differentiation among habitats . Whittaker ... have invented more. As a result, the definition of beta diversity has become quite contentious. ref name Tuomisto2010a Tuomisto, H. 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. Ecography 33 2 22. doi 10.1111 j.1600 0587.2009.05880.x ref ref name Tuomisto2010b Tuomisto, H. 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 2. Quantifying beta diversity and related phenomena. Ecography, 33, 23 45. doi 10.1111 j.1600 0587.2009.06148.x ref Some use beta diversity .... ref Anderson, M. J. et al. 2011 Navigating the multiple meanings of diversity a roadmap for the practicing ..., R. 2011 Commentary Do we have a consistent terminology for species diversity? The fallacy of true diversity. Oecologia 167, 885 888. doi 10.1007 s00442 011 2124 8 ref Others argue that such broad usage should be avoided because it leads to confusion, and that when beta diversity indices correspond ... species diversity? Yes, it does exist. Oecologia 4 853 860. doi 10.1007 s00442 010 1812 0 ref ref Jurasinski, G. and Koch, M. 2011 Commentary do we have a consistent terminology for species diversity .... E and Rodr guez, P. 2011 Commentary Do we have a consistent terminology for species diversity? Back ... ref Tuomisto, H. 2011 Commentary do we have a consistent terminology for species diversity? Yes, if we choose to use it. Oecologia, 167, 903 911. ref Beta diversity in the strict sense Gamma diversity and alpha diversity can be calculated directly from species inventory data. ref name Tuomisto2010a ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image BlueMarble 2001 2002.jpg thumb right 300px alt Two views of the Earth from space. The Earth has many diverse ecosystems and ecosystem diversity. These are NASA composite images of the Earth 2001 left , 2002 right , titled The Blue Marble . seealso Ecosystem Biome Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity of a place at the level of ecosystem s. The term differs from biodiversity , which refers to variation in species rather than ecosystems. Ecosystem diversity can also refer to the variety of ecosystems present in a biosphere, the variety of species and ecological processes that occur in different physical settings. Examples Some examples of ecosystems that are rich in diversity are Refbegin 3 Deserts Forests Large marine ecosystem s Marine ecosystem s Old growth forest s Rainforest s Tundra Coral Reef s Refend See also Portal box Environment Ecology Earth sciences Sustainable development Refbegin 2 Bioregion Ecology Evolutionary biology Genetic diversity Nature Natural environment Species diversity Sustainable development Refend modelling ecosystems expanded other DEFAULTSORT Ecosystem Diversity Category Biodiversity Category Systems ecology Ecology stub es Diversidad ecol gica sl Ekosistemska diverziteta zh ... more details
notability date March 2011 Radio station name Diversity FM frequency 103.5 MHz area City of Lancaster Lancaster format Community owner YMCA website http www.diversityfm.co.uk Diversity FM Diversity FM is a Community radio in the United Kingdom community radio station based in City of Lancaster Lancaster , north Lancashire , which covers the Lancaster and Morecambe district. It broadcasts a mixture of live and pre recorded shows and music playlisting 24 7 on 103.5FM and via the Internet . At the start of September Diversity FM launched a new website and started to play announcements on air that a change was happening on 3rd October 2011. External links http www.diversityfm.co.uk Official Website http www.diversityfm.co.uk listen Listen Live http www.facebook.com diversityfm Diversity FM on Facebook Categories coord missing Lancashire Category Community radio stations in the United Kingdom Category Radio stations in Lancashire ... more details
Species diversity is the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individuals ... of interest where all species may not be equally abundant . Species diversity consists of two components ... Hill1973 Hill, M. O. 1973 Diversity and evenness a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 54, 427 432 ref ref name Tuomisto2010a Tuomisto, H. 2010 A diversity of beta diversities straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity .... 2010. A consistent terminology for quantifying species diversity? Yes, it does exist. Oecologia 4 853 860. doi 10.1007 s00442 010 1812 0 ref Calculation of diversity Species diversity in a dataset ... proportional abundance. Consequently, large values of q lead to smaller species diversity than small ... the value of q has no effect, but species diversity at any value of q equals species richness. Negative values of q are not used, because then the effective number of species diversity would exceed the actual ... the diversity in relation to any classification, not only species. If the individuals are classified ... th genus or funtional type, and sup q sup D equals genus diversity or functional type diversity, respectively. Diversity indices Often researchers have used the values given by one or more diversity indices to quantify species diversity. Such indices include species richness , the Shannon index ..., A. E. 2004 Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. ref ref name Jost2006 Jost, L. 2006 Entropy and diversity. Oikos, 113, 363 375 ref When interpreted in ecological terms ... name Jost2006 ref Jost, L. 2007 Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology ... diversity, the dataset used for the calculations can be obtained in different ways. Although species diversity can be calculated for any dataset where individuals have been identified to species, meaningful .... In practice, the interest is usually in the species diversity of areas so large that not all individuals ... more details
Multiple issues wikify December 2010 confusing December 2006 Expert subject Mathematics date November 2008 Diversity factor The probability that a particular piece of equipment will come on at the time of the facility s peak load. It is the ratio of the sum of the individual non coincident maximum demands of various subdivisions of the system to the maximum demand of the complete system. The diversity factor is always greater than 1. The unofficial term diversity , as distinguished from diversity factor refers to the percent of time available that a machine, piece of equipment, or facility has its maximum or nominal load or demand a 70 diversity means that the device in question operates at its nominal or maximum load level 70 of the time that it is connected and turned on . Diversity factor is commonly used for a number of mathematics related topics. One such instance is when completing a coordination study for a system. This diversity factor is used to estimate the load of a particular node in the system. Diversity Factor Sum of Individual Max. Demand Max. Demand on Power Station References IEEE Standard 141 TM 1993, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants , Red Book. Handbook for Electricity Metering , Edison Electric Institute, Tenth Edition. simple word in diversity factor which means ratio sum of the individual max demand to total max demand of the power station. External links http www.davmark.co.uk group services electric diversity.html davmark.co.uk group services electric diversity.html http www.ise.ufl.edu capehart papers diversity.html ise.ufl.edu capehart papers diversity.html http www.nfpa.org assets files PDF necdigest CodeIssues072704.pdf nfpa.org assets files PDF necdigest CodeIssues072704.pdf please do not categorize this into a math category, just because it has a fraction it does not mean this is math. DEFAULTSORT Diversity Factor Category Electricity ... more details
Image Sphenodon punctatus in Waikanae, New Zealand.jpg thumb widthpx The two species of Tuatara are separated from all other species by over 200 million years Phylogenetic diversity is a measure of biodiversity which incorporates taxonomic difference between species. It is defined and calculated as the sum of the lengths of the all the branches that are members of the corresponding minimum spanning path , ref DP Faith. 1992. Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biological Conservation 61 1 10 ref in which branch is a segment of a cladogram , and the minimum spanning path is the mimimum distance between the two nodes. This definition is distinct from earlier measures which attempted to incorporate phylogenetic diversity into conservation planning, such as the measure of taxic diversity introduced by Vane Wright, Humphries, and William. ref Vane Wright, R. I., Humphries, C. J. & Williams, P. H. 1991. 1991 . What to protect systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation, 55, 235 54. ref The concept of phylogenetic diversity has been rapidly adopted in conservation planning, with programs such as the Zoological Society of London s EDGE of Existence programme focused on evolutionary distinct species. Similarly, the World Wide Fund for Nature WWF s Global 200 also includes unusual evolutionary phenomena in their criteria for selecting target ecoregion s. Some studies have indicated that alpha diversity is a good proxy for phylogenetic diversity, so suggesting that term has little use, ref Rodrigues, A. S. L. & Gaston, K. J. 2002. Maximising phylogenetic diversity in the selection of networks of conservation areas. Biol. Conserv. 105, 103 111 ref but a study in the Cape Floristic Region showed that using phylogenetic diversity led to selection of different conservation priorities than using species richness. It also demonstrated that PD led to greater preservation of feature diversity than species richness alone. ref Forest, F. et al. 2007. Pre ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Site diversity is a technique to limit the effect of rain fade in satellite communications , mainly in the Ka band . The downlink transmissions of satellites cover very large areas, that will have different weather. The site diversity technique consists of linking two or more ground stations receiving the same signal this way, if the signal is heavily attenuated in one area, another ground stations can compensate it. These intense rain areas, for example supercell s, often have a horizontal length of no more than a few kilometres putting the ground stations at a sufficient distance the possibility of rain fade in the downlink signal will be reduced. The configuration works when the attenuation is not great at the two stations simultaneously. This is usually a valid assumption. Site diversity systems have been known to minimize disruption of service by major satellite carriers. See also Diversity scheme Diversity combining DEFAULTSORT Site Diversity Category Satellite television Comm stub zh ... more details
and spiritual diversity, and to promote the development of respectful relationships across these lines ... references DEFAULTSORT Respect Diversity Category Green politics Category Political correctness ... more details
Infobox journal title Molecular Diversity cover editor Guillermo A. Morales discipline Biochemistry peer reviewed language English former names abbreviation publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer country frequency Quarterly history 1995 present openaccess license impact 2.071 impact year 2009 website http www.springer.com journal 11030 www.springer.com link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1381 1991 eISSN 1573 501X boxwidth Molecular Diversity is a scientific journal published quarterly by Springer Science Business Media . Molecular Diversity presents peer review refereed papers describing the development, application and theory of molecular diversity, and combinatorial chemistry in basic and applied research and drug discovery . The journal publishes both short and full length papers, perspectives, news and reviews. Coverage addresses the generation of molecular diversity, application of diversity for screening against alternative targets of all types, analysis of results and their application in various science scientific discipline disambiguation disciplines . ref http www.springer.com life sci biochemistry journal 11030 Molecular Diversity on Springer.com, accessed June 26, 2008 ref The journal s articles, dating to its first volume from 1995, are available online at http www.springerlink.com content 1381 1991 SpringerLink.com. The editor in chief editor in chief of the journal is Guillermo A. Morales Semafore Pharmaceuticals , Indianapolis ... search techniques, landscapes, random chemistry and more. History MDPI Molecular Diversity Preservation International s Journal of Molecular Diversity ISSN 1424 7917 and Wolters Kluwer s now part of Springer Science Business Media Molecular Diversity were merged in 2002 to form what is now Molecular Diversity . Shu Kun Lin served as editor in chief and edited Volumes 6 11. Lin stepped down ... journals fr Molecular Diversity ... more details
Merge Haplotype date May 2009 Haplotype diversity is a measure of the uniqueness of a particular haplotype in a given population. The haplotype diversity H is calculated as ref Masatoshi Nei and Fumio Tajima, DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases , Genetics 97 145 1981 ref br math H frac N N 1 1 sum i x i 2 math br where math x i math is the relative haplotype frequency of each haplotype in the sample and math N math is the sample size. Haplotype diversity is given for each sample. References Reflist Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Time Diversity is used in digital communication systems to combat that the transmissions channel may suffer from error burst s due to time varying channel conditions. The error bursts may be caused by fading in combination with a moving receiver, transmitter or obstacle, or by intermittent electromagnetic interference, for example from crosstalk in a cable, or co channel interference from radio transmitters. Time diversity implies that the same data is transmitted multiple times, or a redundant error correcting code is added. By means of bit interleaving, the error bursts may be spread in time. See also Diversity reception schemes DEFAULTSORT Time Diversity Category Radio resource management Wireless stub zh ... more details
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