protein Name AMELX amelogenin, X linked caption image width HGNCid 461 Symbol AMELX AltSymbols AMG, AIH1 EntrezGene 265 OMIM 300391 RefSeq NM 001142 UniProt Q99217 PDB ECnumber Chromosome X Arm p Band 22.3 LocusSupplementaryData p22.1 protein Name AMELY amelogenin, Y linked caption image width HGNCid 462 Symbol AMELY AltSymbols AMGL EntrezGene 266 OMIM 410000 RefSeq NM 001143 UniProt Q99218 PDB ECnumber Chromosome Y Arm p Band 11 LocusSupplementaryData Amelogenin is a protein found in developing tooth tooth enamel enamel , ref MeshName Amelogenin ref and it belongs to a family of Extracellular matrix extracellular matrix ECM proteins. Developing enamel contains about 30 protein, and 90 of this is amelogenins ... to the root surface of teeth. Variants The amelogenin gene is a single copy gene, homologues of which ... Y, Takenaka O, Nakagome Y. url format title A human X Y homologous region encodes amelogenin journal ... 7543 91 90251 9 ref Application in sex determination The gene for amelogenin can be used in sex determination ... Kashyap VK, Sahoo S, Sitalaximi T, Trivedi R. title Deletions in the Y derived amelogenin gene fragment ... pmid16603093 The error rate is not much. In one study, amelogenin test was undertaken on 1224 individuals ... and amelogenin test was estimated. It was found that the overall concordance rate was 99.84 1222 ... F, Castell A, Corella D. url format title Amelogenin test From forensics to quality control in clinical ... as having a different sex using amelogenin than their actual sex . Indians however seem to have an unusually high rate of amelogenin deletion in Y chromosomes. In one study, Thangaraj and colleagues ... amelogenin 1.85 . The authors proposed to call them deleted amelogenin males DAMs , who but for the detection ... as females. Considering the consequences of the result obtained only using the amelogenin marker .... ref name pmid12056520 cite journal author Thangaraj K, Reddy AG, Singh L. url format title Is the amelogenin ... Genetics es Amelogenina fr Am log nine ja tr Amelogenin ... more details
PBB geneid 266 Amelogenin, Y isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELY amelogenin, Y linked gene . ref name pmid2004775 cite journal author Nakahori Y, Takenaka O, Nakagome Y title A human X Y homologous region encodes amelogenin journal Genomics volume 9 issue 2 pages 264 9 year 1991 month February pmid 2004775 doi 10.1016 0888 7543 91 90251 9 url ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene amelogenin url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 266 accessdate ref AMELY is a gene which encodes a form of amelogenin found on the Y chromosome . Amelogenin is a member of a family of extracellular matrix proteins. They are involved in biomineralization during tooth enamel development. Mutations in the related AMELX gene on the X chromosome cause X linked amelogenesis imperfecta . ref name entrez See also Amelogenin Y chromosome AMELX References Reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Nakahori Y, Tamura T, Nagafuchi S, et al. title Molecular cloning and mapping of 10 new probes on the human Y chromosome. journal Genomics volume 9 issue 4 pages 765 9 year 1991 pmid 2037302 doi 10.1016 0888 7543 91 90373 M cite journal author Lau EC, Mohandas TK, Shapiro LJ, et al. title Human and mouse amelogenin gene loci are on the sex chromosomes. journal Genomics volume 4 issue 2 pages 162 8 year 1989 pmid 2737677 doi 10.1016 0888 7543 89 90295 4 cite journal author Skaletsky H, Kuroda Kawaguchi T, Minx PJ, et al. title The male specific region of the human Y chromosome is a mosaic of discrete sequence classes. journal Nature volume 423 issue 6942 pages 825 37 year 2003 pmid 12815422 doi 10.1038 nature01722 cite journal ... Y chromosome recurrent multigene deletions encompassing Amelogenin Y journal Hum. Mol. Genet. volume ..., Yen PH, Koprivnikar K, et al. title The human enamel protein gene amelogenin is expressed from both ... of variants in Amelogenin gene in Chinese population journal Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue ... more details
wikt amel Amel may refer to Amel , a municipality in Belgium Amelogenin AMEL AMELY & AMELX , sex determining DNA chromosomal marker Amel The Vampire Chronicles , a character in Anne Rice s novels Amel river Jabal Amel , a part of Lebanon or Palestine Amel Bent , a French singer Amel Larrieux , r&b singer AMEL holding , a leading Ukrainian on line retailer AMEL , luxury French yacht manufacturer disambig sr ... more details
PBB geneid 265 Amelogenin, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELX gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene amelogenin amelogenesis imperfecta 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 265 accessdate ref Amelogenin, X isoform is a form of amelogenin found on the X chromosome . ref name urlAceView cite web url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... amelogenin is expressed from both the X and the Y chromosomes journal American Journal of Human Genetics volume 50 issue 2 pages 303 16 year 1992 month February pmid 1734713 pmc 1682460 doi url ref Amelogenin X is a member of the amelogenin family of extracellular matrix proteins. When alternative splicing ... T, Wright JT, Decker S, Piddington R, Harrison G, Kulkarni AB title Amelogenin deficient mice display ... ajmg.a.31358 url ref See also Amelogenin X chromosome AMELY References Reflist Further reading refbegin ... of Prolines at Amelogenin C Terminal during Tooth Enamel Formation journal Cells Tissues Organs Print ... chain reaction amplification of short tandem repeat markers and Amelogenin journal Neoplasma ... W, et al. title Rapid Communication Changes in the Quaternary Structure of Amelogenin When Adsorbed ... of variants in Amelogenin gene in Chinese population journal Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue ... cite journal author Deeley K, Letra A, Rose EK, et al. title Possible Association of Amelogenin ... JP, Hu YY, et al. title Amelogenin p.M1T and p.W4S mutations underlying hypoplastic X linked amelogenesis ... author Veis A title Amelogenin gene splice products potential signaling molecules journal Cell ... journal author Tanimoto K, Le T, Zhu L, et al. title Reduced amelogenin MMP20 interactions in amelogenesis ... imperfecta phenotype genotype correlations with two amelogenin gene mutations journal Arch. Oral ... journal author Tomas C, Stangegaard M, B rsting C, et al. title Typing of 48 autosomal SNPs and amelogenin ... 02 00005 5 cite journal author Deutsch D, Haze Filderman A, Blumenfeld A, et al. title Amelogenin, a major ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Protein name enamelin caption image width HGNCid 3344 Symbol ENAM AltSymbols AIH2 EntrezGene 10117 OMIM RefSeq NM 031889 UniProt PDB ECnumber Chromosome 4 Arm q Band 13.3 LocusSupplementaryData Enamelin was described in older literature as an EDTA soluble enamel protein. It accounts for the organic portion of enamel, which represents 4 of enamel s mass. It turned out in recent research to be albumin derived from blood contamination. The current description of enamelin is a protein coded at 4q13.3 that is a modulator for mineral formation and crystal elongation in enamel. It is believed to surround the hydroxyapetite crystals in enamel. Significant proteins in enamel are amelogenin s and ameloblastin s. Category Dental enamel Category Teeth Dentistry stub ja pl Enamelina tr Enomelin ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 protein name ameloblastin enamel matrix protein caption image width HGNCid 452 Symbol AMBN AltSymbols EntrezGene 258 OMIM RefSeq NM 016519 UniProt PDB ECnumber Chromosome 4 Arm q Band 21 LocusSupplementaryData Ameloblastin , also known as amelin , is a gene specific protein found in tooth tooth enamel enamel . Although less than 5 of enamel consists of protein, ameloblastins comprise 5 10 of all enamel protein. This protein is formed by ameloblast s during the early secretory to late maturation stages of amelogenesis . Although not completely understood, the function of ameloblastins is believed to be in controlling the elongation of enamel crystals and generally directing enamel mineralization during tooth development . Other significant proteins in enamel are amelogenin s, enamelin s, and tuftelin s. Category Teeth dentistry stub fr Am loblastine ja pl Ameloblastyna ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Context date October 2009 Second Generation Multiplex is a DNA profiling system used in the United Kingdom to set up the UK National DNA Database in 1995. It is manufactured by ABI Applied Biosystems . It contains primers for the following STR Short Tandem Repeat loci. VWA HUMVWF31 A , D8 D8S1179 , D21 D21S11 , D18 D18S51 , THO HUMTHO1 , FGA HUMFIBRA Also contains primers for the Amelogenin sex indicating test. The primers are tagged with the following fluorescent dyes for detection under electrophoresis. Carboxyfluorescein 5 FAM JOE NED Its use in the United kingdom as the DNA profiling system used by The UK National DNA Database was superseded by the Second Generation Multiplex Plus SGM DNA profiling system in 1998 Category Biometrics Category DNA profiling techniques Category Law enforcement in the United Kingdom ... more details
An STR multiplex system is used to quickly identify specific short tandem repeat s. STR Polymorphism biology polymorphism s are genetic marker s that may be used to identify a DNA sequence . The FBI uses 13 specific STR loci in their database. These may be used in many areas of genetics in addition to their legal uses. One can think of a STR Multiplex System as collection of certain specific STRs which are positionally conserved on a target genome. Hence these can be used as markers. A number of different STRs along with their loci in a particular genome can be used for genotyping . As for example the STR Multiplex System AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus contain these STRs D3S1358, VWA, FGA, Amelogenin, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, and they can be used as markers for human genome is used for human identification purpose. Unreferenced date September 2009 DEFAULTSORT Str Multiplex Systems Category Repetitive DNA sequences Category DNA profiling techniques Category Forensic equipment biochem stub law enforcement stub forensics stub ... more details
About sex discernment in animals Sex determination disambiguation Through sexing , biologist s and agricultural workers determine the sex of livestock and other animals they work with. The specialized trade of chicken sexing has a particular importance in the poultry industry. Assisted physical sexing is a relevant issue in vertebrates with cloaca e.g. birds , reptiles or amphibians when there are no external sexual dimorphism . In veterinary practice, Fiberscope fibroscopy is used under general anaesthesia in birds such as parrots . Molecular sexing are techniques using DNA for determine genders in wild population studies or domestic species farming, genetics or man archaeology, forensic medicine . Markers commonly used include amelogenin , SRY , and ZFX ZFY . Various techniques have been developed using simple polymerase chain reaction product size Sexual dimorphism dimorphism , presence absence, Restriction enzyme restriction dimorphism, or even sequencing. External Links http www.petscorner.co.uk stores index.php?pid 16 Advice sheets to help sex domestic pets Category Biology of gender Category Livestock Biology stub Agri stub ... more details
n sub 12 41.2 187 243 JOE Amelogenin X p22.1 22.3 br Y p11.2 107 113 JOE Dye tags The primers are tagged ... 30,30 Amelogenin XX An SGM Plus profile retrieved from a DNA database would just list the allele ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Ameloblast Latin ameloblastus GraySubject GrayPage Image Enamelmineralization11 17 05.jpg Caption A developing tooth with odontoblasts marked. Image2 Cervical loop.png Caption2 The cervical loop area 1 dental follicle cells, 2 dental mesenchyme, 3 Odontoblasts, 4 Dentin, 5 stellate reticulum, 6 outer enamel epithelium, 7 inner enamel epithelium, 8 ameloblasts, 9 enamel. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaEmbryologica 05 04 .1.1.2.3.20 Ameloblasts are Cell biology cell s, present only during tooth development, that deposit tooth enamel , the hard outermost layer of the tooth that forms the chewing surface. Ameloblasts are Cell biology cell s which secrete the tooth enamel enamel proteins enamelin and amelogenin which will later mineralize to form enamel on teeth, the hardest substance in the human body. ref Cite book author Gartner, Leslie P., James L. Hiatt. title Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd Edition publisher W.B. Saunders Company location Philadelphia year 2001 page 366 isbn 0 7216 8806 3 ref Each Ameloblast is approximately 4 micrometers in diameter, 40 micrometers in length and has a hexagonal cross section. The secretory end of the ameloblast ends in a six sided pyramid like projection known as the Tomes process . The angulation of the Tomes process is significant in the orientation of enamel rods. Ameloblasts are derived from oral epithelium tissue of ectoderm al origin. Their differentiation from preameloblasts is a result of signaling from the Mesenchyme ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla . The ameloblasts will only become fully functional after the first layer of dentine has been formed by odontoblasts . Ameloblasts control ionic and organic compositions of enamel. They adjust their secretory and resorptive activities to maintain favorable conditions for biomineralization. The murine ALC cell line is of ameloblastic origin. ref cite journal pages 405 11 doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2006.12.0 ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 8226 Haloacid dehalogenase like hydrolase domain containing protein 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDHD1A gene . ref name pmid1734713 cite journal author Salido EC, Yen PH, Koprivnikar K, Yu LC, Shapiro LJ title The human enamel protein gene amelogenin is expressed from both the X and the Y chromosomes journal Am J Hum Genet volume 50 issue 2 pages 303 16 year 1992 month Mar pmid 1734713 pmc 1682460 doi ref ref name pmid1284467 cite journal author Yen PH, Ellison J, Salido EC, Mohandas T, Shapiro L title Isolation of a new gene from the distal short arm of the human X chromosome that escapes X inactivation journal Hum Mol Genet volume 1 issue 1 pages 47 52 year 1993 month May pmid 1284467 pmc doi 10.1093 hmg 1.1.47 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HDHD1A haloacid dehalogenase like hydrolase domain containing 1A url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 8226 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. title Diversification of transcriptional modulation Large scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes journal Genome Res. volume 16 issue 1 pages 55 65 year 2006 pmid 16344560 doi 10.1101 gr.4039406 pmc 1356129 cite journal author Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. title The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full Length cDNA Project The Mammalian Gene Collection MGC journal Genome Res. volume 14 issue 10B pages 2121 7 year 2004 pmid 15489334 doi 10.1101 gr.2596504 pmc 528928 cite journal author Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. title Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences journ ... more details
PBB geneid 9313 Matrix metalloproteinase 20 MMP 20 also known as enamel metalloproteinase or enamelysin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP20 gene . ref name pmid9398237 cite journal author Llano E, Pendas AM, Knauper V, Sorsa T, Salo T, Salido E, Murphy G, Simmer JP, Bartlett JD, Lopez Otin C title Identification and structural and functional characterization of human enamelysin MMP 20 journal Biochemistry volume 36 issue 49 pages 15101 15108 year 1998 month Jan pmid 9398237 pmc doi 10.1021 bi972120y ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MMP20 matrix metallopeptidase 20 enamelysin url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 9313 accessdate ref Function Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase matrix metalloproteinase MMP family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP s are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The protein encoded by this gene degrades amelogenin , the major protein component of dental enamel matrix, and so the protein is thought to play a role in tooth enamel formation. A mutation in this gene, which alters the normal splice pattern and results in premature termination of the encoded protein, has been associated with amelogenesis imperfecta . This gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes that localizes to chromosome 11q22.3. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Nagase H, Woessner JF title Matrix metalloproteinases journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 issue 31 pages 21491 21494 year 1999 pmid 10419448 doi 10.1074 jbc.274.31.21491 cite journal author Bartlett JD, Simmer JP title Proteinases in developing dental enamel journal Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. volume 10 issue 4 page ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Amelogenesis imperfecta Image B amelogenesis imperfecta.jpg Caption Amelogenesis imperfecta, hypoplastic type. Note the association of pitted enamel and open bite. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 00 5 k 00 ICD9 ICD9 520.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Amelogenesis imperfecta presents with abnormal formation of the Tooth enamel enamel ref name Slootweg2007 cite book author Pieter J. Slootweg title Dental pathology a practical introduction url http books.google.com books?id RZnrjMib tQC&pg PA19 accessdate 28 December 2010 year 2007 publisher isbn 9783540716907 pages 19 ref or external layer of teeth . Enamel is composed mostly of mineral, that is formed and regulated by the proteins in it. Amelogenesis imperfecta is due to the malfunction of the proteins in the enamel ameloblastin , enamelin , tuftelin and amelogenin . People afflicted with amelogenesis imperfecta have teeth with abnormal color yellow, brown or grey. The teeth have a higher risk for dental cavities and are hypersensitive to temperature changes. This disorder can afflict any number of teeth. Genetics Up to date, mutations in the AMELX , ENAM , MMP20 , and KLK 4 genes have been found to cause amelogenesis imperfecta non syndromic form . The AMELX, ENAM, KLK 4 and MMP20 genes provide instructions for making proteins that are essential for normal tooth development . These proteins are involved in the formation of enamel, which is a hard, calcium rich material that forms the protective outer layer of each tooth. Mutations in any of these genes alter the structure of these proteins or prevent the genes from making any protein at all. As a result, tooth enamel is abnormally thin or soft and may have a yellow or brown color. Teeth with defective enamel are weak and easily damaged. Researchers are looking for mutations in other genes that may also cause amelogenesis imperfecta. Types include class wikitable Type OMIM Gene Locus AI1B OMIM2 104500 ENAM 4 ... more details
PBB geneid 7286 Tuftelin is an acidic Phosphorylation phosphorylated glycoprotein found in tooth tooth enamel enamel . In humans, the Tuftelin protein is encoded by the TUFT1 gene. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene TUFT1 tuftelin 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 7286 accessdate ref ref name pmid7919663 cite journal author Deutsch D, Palmon A, Young MF, Selig S, Kearns WG, Fisher LW title Mapping of the human tuftelin TUFT1 gene to chromosome 1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization journal Mamm. Genome volume 5 issue 7 pages 461 2 year 1994 month July pmid 7919663 doi 10.1007 BF00357011 url issn ref Function This protein is formed for a short time during amelogenesis . The function of tuftelins is under contention, but it is proposed that it acts to start the mineralization process of enamel during tooth development . ref name pmid2672884 cite journal author Deutsch D title Structure and function of enamel gene products journal Anat. Rec. volume 224 issue 2 pages 189 210 year 1989 month June pmid 2672884 doi 10.1002 ar.1092240209 url issn ref ref name pmid1874744 cite journal author Deutsch D, Palmon A, Fisher LW, Kolodny N, Termine JD, Young MF title Sequencing of bovine enamelin tuftelin a novel acidic enamel protein journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 266 issue 24 pages 16021 8 year 1991 month August pmid 1874744 doi url http www.jbc.org cgi content abstract 266 24 16021 issn ref Other significant proteins in enamel are amelogenin s, enamelin s, and ameloblastin s. Research The human encoding gene for tuftelin TUFT1 was cloned by Profs. Dany Deutsch and Aharon Palmon from the Hebrew University Hadassah List of dental schools in Israel School of Dental Medicine in Jerusalem . ref name pmid7919663 Interactions Tuftelin has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with TFIP11 . ref name pmid10806191 cite journal last Paine first C T authorlink coauthors Paine M L, Luo W, Okamoto C T, Lyngstadaas S P, Sn ... more details
PBB geneid 10117 Enamelin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENAM gene . ref name pmid11978766 cite journal author Mardh CK, Backman B, Holmgren G, Hu JC, Simmer JP, Forsman Semb K title A nonsense mutation in the enamelin gene causes local hypoplastic autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta AIH2 journal Hum Mol Genet volume 11 issue 9 pages 1069 74 year 2002 month Apr pmid 11978766 pmc doi 10.1093 hmg 11.9.1069 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ENAM enamelin url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 10117 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Dental enamel is a highly mineralized tissues mineralized tissue with 85 of its volume occupied by unusually large, highly organized, hydroxyapatite crystals. This highly organized and unusual structure is thought to be rigorously controlled in ameloblasts through the interaction of a number of organic matrix molecules that include enamelin, amelogenin AMELX MIM 300391 , ameloblastin AMBN MIM 601259 , tuftelin TUFT1 MIM 600087 , dentine sialophosphoprotein DSPP MIM 125485 , and a variety of enzymes. Enamelin is the largest protein in the enamel matrix of developing teeth and comprises approximately 5 of total enamel matrix protein. supplied by OMIM ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal title Enamelin and autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta. journal Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. volume 14 issue 6 pages 387 98 year 2003 pmid 14656895 doi 10.1177 154411130301400602 author1 Hu JC author2 Yamakoshi Y author separator , cite journal title Identification of a novel mutation in the enamalin gene in a family with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta. journal Arch. Oral Biol. volume 52 issue 5 pages 503 6 year 2007 pmid 17316551 doi 10.1016 j.archoralbio.2006.09.01 ... more details
and bone , but it does contain two unique classes of protein s amelogenin s and enamelin s. While the role ... are amelogenin s, ameloblastin s, enamelin s, and tuftelin s. During this process, amelogenins and ameloblastins ... more details
linkrot date November 2011 The United Kingdom National DNA Database NDNAD officially the UK National Criminal Intelligence DNA Database is a national DNA Database that was set up in 1995. As of the end of 2005, it carried the profiles of around 3.1 million people. The database, which grows by 30,000 samples each month, is populated by samples recovered from crime scenes and taken from police suspects ref name judge statment cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi uk news 6979138.stm title All UK must be on DNA database publisher BBC date 5 September 2007 accessdate 2007 09 05 ref and, in England and Wales, anyone arrested and detained at a police station. Only patterns of short tandem repeat s are stored in the NDNAD not a person s full genome genomic sequence . Currently the ten Locus genetics loci of the SGM system are analysed, resulting in a string of 20 numbers, being two Allele allele repeats from each of the ten loci. Amelogenin is used for a rapid test of a donor s sex. However, individuals skin or blood samples are also kept permanently linked to the database and can contain complete genetic information. Because DNA is inherited, the database can also be used to indirectly identify many others in the population related to a database subject. Stored samples can also degrade and become useless, particularly those taken with dry brushes and swabs. The UK NDNAD is run by the Forensic Science Service FSS , under contract to the Home Office . A major expansion to include all known active offenders was funded between April 2000 and March 2005 at a cost of over 300 million. ref name homeoffice 2005 Cite document url http police.homeoffice.gov.uk publications operational policing DNAExpansion.pdf title DNA Expansion Programme 2000 2005 Reporting achievement publisher Home Office date October 2005 accessdate 2008 12 06 postscript none ref ref name POST 258 Cite document url http www.parliament.uk documents upload POSTpn258.pdf title The national DNA database publisher ... more details
Good oral health is the absence of disease, disorder, and injury from the mouth , especially from the tooth teeth and Gingiva gums . Dentistry Dental pertains to the teeth, including dentistry . Topics related to the human mouth or teeth include NOTOC compactTOC A Abfraction Abrasion dental Abrasion Academy of General Dentistry Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment Acinic cell carcinoma Acrodont Adalbert J. Volck Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor Adhesive Dentistry Aetna Agar Other uses Agar Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Aim toothpaste Akers clasp Alberta Dental Association and College Alfred Fones Alfred P. Southwick Alginic acid Alice Timander Allan G. Brodie Alveolar bony defects Alveolar osteitis Alveolar process of maxilla Alveolar ridge Amalgam dentistry Amalgam Ameloblast Ameloblastic fibroma Ameloblastin Ameloblastoma Amelogenesis Amelogenesis imperfecta Amelogenin American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry American Association of Endodontists American Association of Orthodontists American Dental Association American Dental Education Association American Dental Hygienists Association American Society of Dental Surgeons American Student Dental Association Amosan Benzocaine Anbesol Angular cheilitis Anodontia Anthony Hamilton Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn Antoni Cieszy ski Apert syndrome Apex locator Aphthous ulcer Applied kinesiology Aquafresh Archwire Ariz ... more details
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