ActorBasedConcurrentLanguage ABCL is a family of programming language s, developed in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s. ABCL 1 ABCL 1 ActorBasedConcurrentLanguage is a prototype based programming prototype basedconcurrent programming language for the ABCL MIMD system, created in 1986 by Akinori Yonezawa , of the Department of Information Science at the University of Tokyo . ABCL 1 uses asynchronous message passing among object programming objects to achieve concurrency. It requires Common Lisp . Implementations in Kyoto Common Lisp KCL and Symbolics Lisp are available from the author. ABCL R ABCL R is an object oriented reflection computer science reflective subset of ABCL 1, written by Professor Akinori Yonezawa of Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1988. ABCL R2 ABCL R2 is a second generation version of ABCL R, designed for the Hybrid Group Architecture. It was produced at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1992, and has almost all the functionality of ABCL 1. It is written in Common Lisp . As a reflective language, its programs can dynamically control their behavior, including scheduling policy, from within a user process context. ABCL c ABCL c is an object oriented concurrentlanguage, a variant of ABCL 1 based on C programming language C instead of Lisp programming language Lisp . References ABCL An Object Oriented Concurrent System , A. Yonezawa ed, MIT Press 1990 Reflection in an Object Oriented ConcurrentLanguage , T. Watanabe et al., SIGPLAN Notices 23 11 306 315 Nov 1988 An Implementation of An Operating System Kernel using Concurrent Object Oriented Language ABCL c , N. Doi et al. in ECOOP 88, S. Gjessing et al. eds, LNCS 322, Springer 1988 FOLDOC External links official website http venus.is.s.u tokyo.ac.jp pl abcl.html Category Prototype based programming languages Category Concurrent programming languages Category Common Lisp software Category Lisp programming language family prog lang stub fr ABCL 1 ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 The term object basedlanguage may be used in a technical sense to describe any programming language that uses the idea of encapsulating state and operations inside object computer science objects . Object based languages need not support Inheritance computer science inheritance or Subtype subtyping , but those that do are also said to be object oriented programming object oriented . Object based languages that do not support inheritance or subtyping are usually not considered to be true object oriented languages. Examples of object oriented programming language object oriented languages include Simula , Smalltalk , C whose object model was based on Simula s , Objective C whose object model was based on Smalltalk s , Eiffel programming language Eiffel , Python programming language Python , Ruby programming language Ruby , Java programming language Java , C Sharp programming language C , Visual Basic .NET and REALbasic an object oriented BASIC dialect . An example of a language that is object based but not object oriented is Visual Basic VB . VB supports both objects and classes, but not inheritance, so it does not qualify as object oriented. In practice, the term object based is normally applied only to those object based languages that are not also object oriented. Although all object oriented languages are also object based, by definition, they are not normally referred to as such. Fact date June 2008 Instead the terms object based and object oriented ... other template objects. An example of a commonly used prototype basedlanguage is JavaScript . Both object based and object oriented languages whether class based or prototype based may be statically type checked. Statically checking prototype based languages can be difficult because these languages .... Sometimes the term object based is applied to prototype based languages , true object oriented languages ... object from which they inherit changed, at run time. Programming language Category Computer programming ... more details
Task basedlanguage learning TBLL , also known as task basedlanguage teaching TBLT or task based instruction TBI focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help. Assessment is primarily based on task outcome in other words the appropriate completion of tasks rather than on accuracy of language forms. This makes TBLL especially popular for developing target language fluency and student confidence. TBLL was popularized by N. Prabhu ... to emphasize key language. Advantages Task based learning is advantageous to the student because ..., 301 338. ref Disadvantages While task basedlanguage learning is increasingly promoted world wide and has ... language teaching methods, is the difficulty of implementing task based teaching where classes are large and space limited and or inflexible. Related approaches to language teaching Problem Based Learning ... BasedLanguage Learning Category Language education de Handlungsorientierung Fremdsprachenunterricht ... could learn language just as easily with a non linguistic problem as when they were concentrating ..., the task cycle, and the language focus. Citation needed date November 2010 The components of a Task ... The core of the lesson is, as the name suggests, the task. All Lexical category parts of the language .... Although there may be several effective frameworks for creating a task based learning lesson, here ... the students with key vocabulary or grammatical constructs, although, in pure task based learning lessons ... name one Frost, Richard. A Task based Approach. British Council Teaching English. http www.teachingenglish.org.uk ... Here the focus returns to the teacher who reviews what happened in the task, in regards to language. It may include language forms that the students were using, problems that students had, and perhaps ... the doctor , students are more likely to be engaged, which may further motivate them in their language ... more details
A languagebased system is a type of operating system that uses programming languagelanguage features to provide security, instead of or in addition to hardware mechanisms. In such systems, code referred to as the trusted base is responsible for approving programs for execution computing execution , assuring they cannot perform operations detrimental to the system s stability without first being detected and dealt with. ref name Schneider http www.cs.cmu.edu rwh papers langsec dagstuhl.pdf A LanguageBased Approach to Security , Schneider F., Morrissett G. Cornell University and Harper R. Carnegie Mellon University . Informatics 10 Years Back, 10 Years Ahead. 2000 ref A very common strategy of guaranteeing such operations are impossible is to base the system around a High level programming language high level language , such as Java programming language Java , whose design precludes dangerous constructs many are entirely written in such a language, with only the minimum amount of low level programming language low level code being used. ref cite web title JX A flexible Java Operating System poster url http www4.informatik.uni erlangen.de Projects JX poster jx poster.jpg author Michael Golm, Meik Felser, Christian Wawerish, Jü rgen Kleinö der publisher University of Erlangen accessdate 2007 04 21 ref Since languagebased systems can assure ahead of time that cannot do things that can damage the system such as corrupting memory by dereferencing dangling pointer s , it is possible for them to avoid expensive address space switches needed by traditional OSes because of this microkernel s are more popular than on traditional systems. Citation needed date April 2011 Examples ... programming language Emerald References Reflist refbegin A Sabelfeld, AC Myers http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpl freeabs all.jsp?arnumber 1159651&isnumber 25986 Languagebased information flow security ... doi.acm.org 10.1145 505586.505589 Termination in languagebased systems ACM Transactions on Information ... more details
Languagebased learning disabilities or LBLD are Heterogenous heterogeneous disorders associated with young children that affect their academic skills such as listening, reasoning ref name Vinson2006 cite book author Vinson, Betsy Partin. title Language Disorders Across the Lifespan publisher Cengage Demar location Belmont year 2006 isbn 1418009547 ref speaking, reading, writing, and math calculations ... includes disabilities from psychomotor difficulties to dyscalculia , and verbal, languagebased. ref http www.parentinged.com learning disabilities An Introduction To LanguageBased Learning Disabilities.html ref ref American Speech Language Hearing Association ref Symptoms Symptoms of LBLD can be complex ... in the United States have a languagebased learning disability. Of the students with specific ... for therapy. There are a number of schools that cater specifically to students with languagebased learning disabilities such as Landmark School in Massachusetts. See also Specific language impairment External links http www.springerlink.com content w6tj10878k746637 Language disability and attention ... hereditary, and is frequently associated to specific language problems. ref http www.asha.org public ... with written language such as trouble learning new vocabulary, letters and alphabets . Trouble understanding ... year 2006 isbn 1 5938 5184 7 ref Difficulties associated with reading and spoken language involve ... title On the specifics of specific reading disability and specific language impairment. journal Journal ... Bruni, and Ayub Balweel. title Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence Assessment and Intervention .... ref http www.verticylearning.org lld facts and resources.html ref Diagnosis A speech language pathologist ..., reading, and written language for children who have LBLD. SLPs evaluate the child s comprehension ... year 2000 title Language Deficits in Dyslexic Children Speech Perception, Phonology, and Morphology ... that sustain growth in language skills. The foundation of this treatment is repetition ... more details
Wikify date September 2011 CAL the Cal ActorLanguage is a high level programming language ref name CAL CAL Language Report Specification of the CAL actorlanguage, Johan Eker and J rn W. Janneck, Technical ... efforts. History and Introduction The CAL ActorLanguage was developed in 2001 as part of the Ptolemy II project at University of California at Berkeley. CAL is a dataflow language ... these steps do in terms of token production and consumption, and the update of the actor state , and how to pick the step that the actor will perform next. This section discusses some of the constructs in the CAL language that deal with these issues. A Very Simple Actor One of the simplest actors ... would be difficult or impossible to achieve using a sequential programming language. Sequential languages ... as is required, enabling tools to produce sophisticated implementations that exploit the concurrent ... a concurrent description of a computational system, which is different from a common sequential program ... perform their computation in a sequence of steps we call firings. In each of those steps 1. the actor ... tokens at its output ports. Consequently, describing an actor involves describing its interface to the outside ... the actor ID does source lang text actor ID In Out action In a Out a end end source The first line declares the actor name, followed by a list of parameters which is empty, in this case , and the declaration ... . The second line defines an action. Actions are the beef of an actor they describe the things that happen during a step that an actor takes. In fact, it is accurate to say that a step consists of executing ... an actor takes a step, it may consume input tokens and produce output tokens. The action in ID ... to the original one above source lang text actor ID In Out action In a a end end actor ID In Out action a Out a end end actor ID In Out action a a end end source The next example, Add , shows an actor that has two input ports. Like ID , it also has a single action, but this time, the action ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 The Actor programming language was invented by Charles Duff of The Whitewater Group in 1988. It was an offshoot of some object oriented extensions to the Forth language he had been working on. Actor would be categorized as a pure object oriented language in the style of Smalltalk . Like Smalltalk, everything was an object, including small integers. A Baker semi space Garbage collection computer science garbage collector was used, along with in memory constrained Windows 2.1 days a software virtual memory system that swapped objects. A token threaded Interpreted language interpreter , written in 16 bit x86 assembly language, was the execution mechanism for compiled code. Actor only was released on the Microsoft Windows 2.1 and 3.0 operating system. Actor used perhaps the first pure object oriented framework over native operating system calls as its basic GUI architecture. This allowed an Actor application to look and feel exactly like a Windows application written in C, but with all the advantages of an interactive Smalltalk like development environment. Both a downside and upside to this architecture was a tight coupling to the Windows OS architecture, with a thin abstraction layer into objects. This allowed direct use of the rich Windows OS API, but also made it nearly impossible to support any other OS without a significant rewrite of the application framework. Further reading ref name Inc.1990 cite journal author Don Crabs title Actor offers a sophisticated OOP development system url http books.google.com books?id LjwEAAAAMBAJ&pg PT86 accessdate 18 August 2011 date 15 October 1990 publisher InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. pages 86 issn 01996649 ref References Reflist Category Smalltalk programming language family Category Object oriented programming languages ... more details
This is a list of English language films which were based on a film in a language other than English. inc film Argentine Criminal film Criminal 2004 from Nine Queens film Nueve Reinas a.k.a. Nine Queens 2000 Chinese The Eye 2008 film The Eye 2008 from The Eye 2002 film The Eye 2002 Various languages Cantonese Mandarin The Departed The Departed 2006 from Infernal Affairs 2002 Cantonese Tortilla Soup 2001 from Eat Drink Man Woman 1994 Mandarin Danish Catch That Kid 2004 from Klatret sen 2002 Nightwatch 1997 film Nightwatch from Nattevagten Brothers 2009 film Brothers from Brothers 2004 film Br dre Dutch The Vanishing 1993 film The Vanishing from Spoorloos Down film Down from De Lift Interview 2007 film from Interview 2003 film Filipino The Echo 2008 film The Echo from Sigaw French 13 film 13 2010 from 13 Tzameti 2005 Algiers film Algiers 1938 from P p le Moko 1937 And God Created Woman 1988 film And God Created Woman 1988 from And God Created Woman 1956 film Et Dieu... cr a la femme 1956 The Birdcage 1996 from La Cage aux Folles film La Cage aux Folles 1978 Blame It on Rio 1984 from Un moment d garement 1977 Breathless 1983 film Breathless 1983 from bout de souffle 1960 Buddy Buddy 1981 from L Emmerdeur 1973 Casbah film Casbah 1948 from P p le Moko 1937 Chloe film Chloe 2009 from Nathalie... 2004 Cousins film Cousins 1989 from Cousin, cousine 1975 Crossroads 1942 film Crossroads 1942 from Carrefour 1938 Diabolique 1996 film Diabolique 1996 from Les Diaboliques film Les Diaboliques 1955 Dinner for Schmucks 2010 from Le D ner de Cons film Le D ner de Cons 1998 Down and Out in Beverly Hills 1986 from Boudu Saved from Drowning 1932 EdTV 1999 from Louis 19, le roi des ondes ... 1999 film Bangkok Dangerous 1999 DEFAULTSORT English Language Films Based On Foreign Language Films Category Film remakes Category English language films Foreign language films Category Lists of works based on films Category Lists of films based on works ... more details
about films based on French language comics other languages List of films based on comics This is a list of films based on French language comics . It includes films that are Film adaptation adaptation s of Franco Belgian comics Francophone comics , and those films whose characters originated in those comics. Films Based on XIII comics XIII XIII miniseries XIII 2008 Based on The Adventures of Tintin ... 1972 The Adventures of Tintin Secret of the Unicorn 2011 Based on Asterix Asterix the Gaul ... of the Gods 2014 Based on Les Aventures extraordinaires d Ad le Blanc Sec The Extraordinary Adventures of Ad le Blanc Sec film The Extraordinary Adventures of Ad le Blanc Sec 2010 Based on Barbarella comics Barbarella Barbarella film Barbarella 1968 Based on Blueberry comics Blueberry Blueberry film Blueberry 2004 Based on La Foire aux immortels Immortal 2004 film Immortal 2004 Gainsbourg Vie h ro que 2010 Based on Iznogoud Iznogoud Calife A La Place Du Calife 2005 ref imdb title id 0402294 title Iznogoud ref Based on Jesuit Joe Jesuit Joe 1991 Based on Largo Winch Largo Winch film Largo Winch 2008 Based on Lucky Luke Daisy Town 1971 La Ballade des Dalton 1978 Les Dalton en cavale 1983 ... title id 1235536 title Lucky Luke ref Based on Michel Vaillant Michel Vaillant film Michel Vaillant 2003 Based on Persepolis comics Persepolis Persepolis film Persepolis 2007 Based on The Rabbi s Cat The Rabbi s Cat 2011 Based on The Smurfs Les Aventures des Schtroumpfs 1965 The Smurfs and the Magic Flute 1976 The Smurfs film The Smurfs 2011 Based on Titeuf Titeuf film Titeuf 2011 Based on Tanguy et Laverdure Les Chevaliers du ciel 2005 See also List of films based on English language comics List of films based on manga Also related List of TV series based on French language comics List of films based on comic strips List of fiction works made into feature films References refs External links ... based on comics French Category Franco Belgian comics Category Lists of films based on comics es ... more details
Onesource date March 2009 Namespace based Validation Dispatching Language NVDL is an XML schema language for XML Validation validating XML documents that integrate with multiple XML Namespace namespaces . It is an International Organization for Standardization ISO International Electrotechnical Commission IEC standard, and it is Part 4 of the Document Schema Definition Languages DSDL schema specification. Much of the work on NVDL is based on the older Namespace Routing Language . Validation Most XML languages are based on a single XML namespace. The expectation in these cases is that XML elements in a particular namespace belong to that language, and elements in another namespace belong to another language. Many XML languages allow the use of arbitrary elements from other namespaces. The problem arises during the attempt to validate these hybrid documents. Each language is defined by a specific XML schema, but there is no linkage between the schemas. The purpose of NVDL is to provide that linkage, based on namespaces. By associating a schema validator with an NVDL schema, the validator can use multiple schemas to validate a single document, switching between them based on the namespaces used in that document. Format NVDL documents contain a list of rules, each of which has one or more actions to take when that rule is true. Rules include a specific namespace and a mode setting. NVDL recognizes the mode as a particular piece of state that changes as the document is processed. Actions occur when a rule is true. Actions can include validating a schema, declaring the instance document invalid, accepting this part of the instance document as valid, and continue validating as the parent did. Actions can also change the current NVDL mode. Multiple actions can be taken when a rule ... Category ISO standards Category XML based standards de Namespace based Validation Dispatching Language ja Namespace based Validation Dispatching Language ... more details
Skill based theories of second language acquisition are theories of second language acquisition theories of second language acquisition based on models of skill acquisition in cognitive psychology . These theories conceive of second language acquisition as being learned in the same way as any other skill, such as learning to drive a car or play the piano. That is, they see practice learning method practice as the key ingredient of language acquisition. The most well known of these theories is based on John Robert Anderson psychologist John Anderson s adaptive control of thought model. ref name VanPatten2010skill Harvnb VanPatten Benati 2010 pp 149 150 , Skill s . ref Adaptive control of thought Main ACT R The adaptive control of thought model assumes a distinction between declarative knowledge , knowledge that is conscious and consists of facts, ref name Schmidt2010declarative Harvnb Richards Schmidt 2009 , Declarative knowledge . ref and procedural knowledge , knowledge of how an activity is done. ref name Schmidt2010procedural Harvnb Richards Schmidt 2009 , Procedural knowledge . ref ref name Schmidt2010ACT Harvnb Richards Schmidt 2009 , Adaptive control of thought . ref In this model, skill acquisition is seen as a progression from declarative to procedural knowledge. ref name Schmidt2010ACT Adaptive control of thought is a general model of cognition, and second language acquisition is just one application of a wide area of research in cognitive psychology. ref name VanPatten2010ACT Harvnb VanPatten Benati 2010 p 62 , Adaptive Control of Thought model . ref Second language acquisition is seen as a progression through three stages, declarative, procedural, and autonomous ... first Jack C. editor2 last Schmidt editor2 first Richard title Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching ... Terms in Second Language Acquisition publisher Continuum location London year 2010 isbn 978 0 8264 9914 1 ref harv refend SLA topics Category Language acquisition ... more details
A Language culture based charter school is a Charter school whose curriculum is based on the language and culture of a specific ethnic nation or group of nations, although the schools are open to students of all ethnic backgrounds. A review by the Washington advocacy group, National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, found that among the more than 4,600 charters nationwide, 113 have mission statements specifying such ethnic cultural themes. These include the Amber Charter School in the Washington Heights, Manhattan Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, the Eugenio Maria de Hostos Charter School in Rochester, New York , ref HEBREW BROUHAHA NYC S NEXT NEW SCHOOL WAR, By THOMAS W. CARROLL, New York Post, May 29, 2008 http www.nypost.com seven 05292008 postopinion opedcolumnists hebrew brouhaha 112964.htm ref both of which feature instruction in Spanish and in Hispanic cultures, the Ben Gamla Charter School , the country s first Hebrew language charter school, which opened in Hollywood, Florida , in 2007, the Tarek ibn Ziyad Academy , the Pioneer Valley Chinese Immersion Charter School , where by grade six all subjects except English language arts will be taught in Chinese, ref State poised to OK school for Chinese immersion, By Jenna Russell, Boston Globe, February 27, 2007 http www.boston.com news education k 12 articles 2007 02 27 state poised to ok school for chinese immersion ref and the Hellenic Classical Charter School in Brooklyn, New York. ref January 12, 2009 State Weighs Approval of School Dedicated to Hebrew, By ELISSA GOOTMAN, New York Times, http www.nytimes.com 2009 01 12 nyregion 12hebrew.html?ref education ref A language culture based charter school is similar in many respects to a religious charter school. Lawrence D. Weinberg , in his book Religious Charter Schools Legalities and Practicalities, argues that a charter school can be religious in many ... schools that converted to charters as happened in Washington, D.C. and some Hebrew or Arabic language ... more details
about films based on English language comic books other languages List of films based on comics comic strips List of films based on comic strips This is a list of films based on English language comics , including comic books, graphic novels, and features in anthology comics magazines. It includes films that are Film adaptation adaptation s of English language English language comic s, and those films whose characters originated in comic books e.g. Batman is not an adaptation of one particular comic book, but the character First appearance first appeared in comic books, not in another medium . It also includes film serials. It does not include material where the original source is newspaper comic strips, which are featured on list of films based on comic strips a separate list . All films categorized by character listed chronologically. CompactTOC8 center yes top yes seealso yes notesfirst yes refs yes extlinks yes custom1 Upcoming films 0&ndash 9 30 Days of Night 30 Days of Night film 30 Days of Night 2007 ref imdb title id 0389722 title 30 Days of Night ref 30 Days of Night film Sequel ... Alien vs. Predator Alien vs. Predator film Alien vs. Predator 2004, based from previous Alien and Predator ... refs yes extlinks yes custom1 Upcoming films See also Superhero film List of films based on French language comics List of films based on manga List of films based on Dark Horse Comics List of films based on DC Comics List of films based on Marvel Comics Also related List of films based on comic strips List of films based on radio series List of television programs based on comics Notes Reflist 2 References http www.superheroeslives.com Superheroes Lives , List of films based on comics External ... Top 50 Comic Book Films http comicbookmovies.info The Comic Book Movies Website Category Films based on comics English Category Comics related lists Films Category Lists of works based on comics Films Category Lists of films based on comics de Liste von Comicverfilmungen ... more details
language Axum &ndash domain specific concurrent programming language, based on the Actor ... Go &ndash systems programming language with explicit support for concurrent programming Io programming language Io &ndash actorbased concurrency Janus computer programming language Janus features ... Java &ndash concurrentlanguagebased on the Java programming language Java programming language Joule ... concurrent, nondeterministic languagebased on Kleene algebra . Oz programming language Oz &ndash ... a combinator based concurrency languagebased on JavaScript SuperPascal &ndash a concurrent teaching language built on Concurrent Pascal and Joyce programming language Joyce by Per Brinch Hansen Unicon ... language C . This style of concurrent programming usually requires the application of some form ... language and COPL Concurrent programming languages are programming languages that use language ... concurrency plays an important role include ActorScript &ndash theoretical purely actorbased ... Alef programming language Alef &ndash concurrentlanguage with threads and message passing, used ... for thousands of processors. Cilk &ndash a concurrent C programming language C C &ndash C Omega, a research ... the JVM Concurrent Clean &ndash a functional programming language, similar to Haskell programming language Haskell Concurrent Haskell &ndash lazy, pure functional language operating concurrent processes ... software SCOOP mechanism based on the concepts of Design by Contract Erlang programming language Erlang ... language Joyce &ndash a concurrent teaching language built on Concurrent Pascal with features ... SALSA programming language SALSA &ndash actorlanguage with token passing, join, and first class ... Language XC &ndash a concurrency extended subset of the C programming language developed by XMOS based ... computing, which can be used to understand and analyze concurrent systems. These models include Actor ... Programming language Category Operating system technology Category Concurrent computing de Parallele ... more details
This is a list of TV series based on French language comics , that is series and that are adaptations of Franco Belgian comics Francophone comics . All TV series are listed chronologically. When the series was broadcasted in English speaking countries, the title is given in English. TV series Les Aventures de Michel Vaillant 1967 Les Chevaliers du ciel 1967 69 ref imdb title id 0061230 title Bollie en Billie ref Bollie en Billie 1975 ref imdb title id 0270113 title Bollie en Billie ref Herg s Adventures of Tintin 1958 62 The Smurfs 1981 TV series The Smurfs 1981 Yakari 1983 ref imdb title id 0416439 title Yakari ref Wowser TV series Wowser 1989 The Adventures of Tintin TV series The Adventures of Tintin 1991 92 Lucky Luke TV series 1993 Marsupilami 1993 ref imdb title id 0179592 title Marsupilami ref Walter Melon TV series Walter Melon 1998 My Friend Marsupilami 2002 ref imdb title id 0313099 title Mon ami Marsupilami ref Jeremiah TV series Jeremiah 2002 2004 Boule et Bill 2004 ref imdb title id 0478399 title Boule et Bill ref Yakari 2005 ref imdb title id 0856155 title Yakari ref Rantanplan 2006 ref imdb title id 0907017 title Rantanplan ref Time Jam Valerian & Laureline 2006 See also List of films based on English language comics List of films based on manga List of films based on French language comics List of films based on comic strips List of fiction works made into feature films References refs External links http www.comicbookmovie.com Comic Book Movie http www.comics2film.com Comics2Film http www.superheroeslives.com Superheroes Lives Category Franco Belgian comics ... more details
programming language family compu lang stub ca Haskell concurrent ...Concurrent Haskell extends ref Simon Peyton Jones, Andrew Gordon, and Sigbjorn Finne. http www.haskell.org ghc docs papers concurrent haskell.ps.gz Concurrent Haskell . ACM SIGPLAN SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages PoPL . 1996. Some sections are out of date with respect to the current implementation. ref Haskell 98 with explicit concurrency. The two main concepts underpinning Concurrent Haskell are A primitive type code MVar code implementing a bounded single place Actor model and process calculi Asynchronous channels asynchronous channel , which is either empty or holds a value of type code code . The ability to spawn a concurrent thread via the code forkIO code primitive. Built atop this is a collection of useful concurrency and synchronisation abstractions ref The http www.haskell.org ghc docs latest html libraries Haskell Hierarchical Libraries , http www.haskell.org ghc docs latest html libraries base Control Concurrent.html Control.Concurrent ref such as Actor model and process calculi Asynchronous channels unbounded channels , Semaphore programming semaphores and sample variables. Default Haskell threads have very low overheads creation, context switching and scheduling are all internal to the Haskell runtime. These Haskell level threads are mapped onto a configurable number of OS level threads, usually one per processor core . Software Transactional Memory The recently introduced Software Transactional Memory STM ref Tim Harris, Simon Marlow, Simon ... Control Concurrent STM.html Control.Concurrent.STM ref to the Glasgow Haskell Compiler reuses the process forking primitives of Concurrent Haskell. STM however eschews code MVar code s in favour of code ... amount source This might work some of the time, but causes problems in concurrent situations where ... based code above translates in a relatively straight forward way source lang haskell type Account ... more details
The following is a list of English language pop songs based on French language songs . The songs here were originally written and performed in the French language. Later, new, English language lyrics were set to the same melody as the original song. Songs are arranged in alphabetical order, omitting the articles a and the . inc musong CompactTOC8 symnum yes A About The Time Avec le temps Translation With Time Amsterdam Jacques Brel song Amsterdam On The Port of Amsterdam Amsterdam Sur le port d Amsterdam Translation Amsterdam On The Port of Amsterdam Autumn Leaves song Autumn Leaves Les feuilles mortes Translation Dead Leaves B The Ballad Of Melody Nelson La Ballade de Melody Nelson Translation The Ballad Of Melody Nelson Beyond the Sea song Beyond The Sea La Mer song La Mer Translation The Sea C Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White Cerisier Rose et Pommier Blanc Translation Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White D Don t U Feel The Beat Les Divas Du Dancing Translation Dance Hall Divas E Emotion song Emotion Amoureuse Translation In Love F A Fair Affair Je t aime, moi non plus Translation I Love You, Nor Do It Feelings song Feelings Pour toi 1950s song, later amended to Dis lui Translation Tell Her G Girl Talk Neal Hefti song Girl Talk Dansez sur moi Translation Dance On Me The Good Life 1962 song The Good Life La Belle Vie Translation The Good Life I I Wish You Love song I Wish You Love Que reste t il de nos amours Translation What Is Left of Our Loves? If I Only Had Time Je n aurai pas le temps Translation I Won t Have Time Pour que tu m aimes encore If That s What It Takes Pour que tu m aimes encore Translation So That You ll Still Love Me If You Go Away Ne Me Quitte Pas Translation Don t Leave Me If You Love Me Really Love Me Hymne a l amour Translation Love Hymn L Let It Be Me song Let It Be Me Je t appartiens Translation I Belong To You M My Boy Parce que je t aime mon ... language songs Category French language songs Category Lists of songs song stub ... more details
Infobox programming language name Concurrent Euclid ConEuc logo paradigm Multi paradigm programming language multi paradigm structured programming structured , Imperative programming imperative , Functional programming functional year 1980 designer James Cordy and Ric Holt developer James Cordy and Ric Holt latest release version X.Y.Z release date mf yes YYYY MM DD latest release date typing strong typing strong , static typing static implementations dialects influenced by Euclid programming language Euclid , Communicating Sequential Processes influenced Turing Plus operating system Cross platform PDP 11 , VAX 11 , Motorola 68000 , Motorola 6809 license website file ext Concurrent Euclid ConEuc is a concurrent descendant of the Euclid programming language designed by James Cordy and Ric Holt , then at the University of Toronto , in 1980. ConEuc was designed for concurrent, high performance, highly reliable system software , such as operating systems , compilers and embedded microprocessor systems. The TUNIS operating system, a Unix variant, was implemented entirely in Concurrent Euclid ... comparable to the best C programming language C compilers. Concurrent Euclid programs that used concurrency could be run on a bare machine supported by a small assembly language kernel , or in simulated mode as an ordinary process running under an operating system. The Turing programming language is a direct descendant of Concurrent Euclid and its Turing Plus programming language Turing Plus variant ... monitors as specified by C.A.R. Hoare as well as language constructs needed for systems programming ... of Concurrent Euclid. Technical reports CSRI 115 July 1980 and CSRI 133 August 1981 , Computer Systems Research Institute, University of Toronto. 54 pages. R.C. Holt 1982. Concurrent Euclid ... R.C. Holt 1982. A short introduction to Concurrent Euclid. SIGPLAN Not. 17, 5 May. 1982 , 60 79. http ... in Concurrent Euclid. SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 16, 1 January 1982 , 4 5. Category Concurrent ... more details
for the journal Concurrent Engineering journal Cleanup date December 2007 Citations missing date December 2007 Concurrent engineering is a work methodology based on the parallelization of tasks i.e. performing .... ref Ma, Y., Chen, G. & Thimm, G. Paradigm Shift Unified and Associative Feature basedConcurrent Engineering ... Shift Unified and Associative Feature basedConcurrent Engineering and Collaborative Engineering ... time required to bring a new product to the market. Introduction The concurrent engineering ... 008 0128 y ref Because of this, concurrent engineering has gathered much attention from industry and has ... industry. The basic premise for concurrent engineering revolves around two concepts. The first ... be taken into careful consideration in the early design phases. ref Kusiak, Andrew Concurrent ... should all be occurring at the same time, or concurrently. The overall goal being that the concurrent ... on Collaborative Mechanism for Product Design in Distributed Concurrent Engineering IEEE ref This philosophy is key to the success of concurrent engineering because it allows for errors and redesigns ... into the physical realm. ref name concurrent Kusiak, Andrew, Concurrent Engineering Automation ... force capability and time, subject areas that are extremely important factors in the success of a concurrent ... proven to be significant and is generally the deciding factor for companies moving to a concurrent design framework. ref name study One of the most important reasons for the huge success of concurrent ... for decades. This was a structure based on a sequential design flow, sometimes called the Waterfall ... Concurrent engineering significantly modifies this outdated method and instead opts to use what has ... more say in the overall design process due to the collaborative nature of concurrent engineering. Giving ... that is assigned a task with little say in the general process. ref name concurrent By making ... problems of its own . ref Kusiak, Andrew, Concurrent Engineering Automation, Tools and Techniques ref ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Concurrent Pascal also known as PASCAL FC was designed by Per Brinch Hansen for writing concurrent computing programs such as operating system s and real time monitoring systems on shared memory computers. A separate language, Sequential Pascal , is used as the language for applications programs run by the operating systems written in Concurrent Pascal. Both languages are extensions of Niklaus Wirth s Pascal programming language Pascal , and share a common threaded code interpreter . The following describes how Concurrent Pascal differs from Wirth s Pascal. Language description Several constructs in Pascal were removed from Concurrent Pascal for simplicity and security variant records the goto statement and labels Subroutine procedures as parameter s packed array s pointer computer programming pointer types file types and associated standard input output procedures . These omissions make it possible to guarantee, by a combination of compile time checks and minimal run time checking in the threaded code interpreter, that a program can not damage itself or another program by addressing outside its allotted space. Concurrent Pascal includes class, monitor, and process data types. Instances of these types are declared as variables, and initialized in an init statement. Classes and monitors are similar both package private variables and procedures with public procedures called procedure entries . A class instance can be used by only one process, whereas a monitor instance may be shared by processes. Monitors provide the only mechanism for interprocess communication in a Concurrent Pascal program. Only one process can execute within a given monitor ..., and monitor procedures. Processes communicate through monitor procedures. Language rules prevent ... hang up through programming errors. The configuration of processes, monitors, and classes in a Concurrent ... the consumer process end. source Pascal programming language family Category Pascal programming language ... more details
Concurrent ML CML is a Concurrency computer science concurrent extension of the Standard ML programming language. Sample Code Here is sample code to print hello, world to the console. It spawns a thread computer science thread which creates a channel for string computer science strings . This thread then spawns another thread which prints the first string that is received on the channel. The former thread then sends the hello, world n string on the channel. It uses Standard ML of New Jersey SML NJ and CML note that the heap name will be different on non linux x86 platforms you may need to change the line with cml test.x86 linux to something different cml test.cm Library structure Hello is cml basis.cm cml cml.cm cml test.sml cml test.sml structure Hello struct open CML fun hello let val c string chan channel in spawn fn TextIO.print recv c send c, hello, world n exit end fun main name, argv RunCML.doit fn ignore spawn hello , NONE end Running ml build cml test.cm Hello.main Standard ML of New Jersey v110.60 built Mon Nov 27 14 19 21 2006 scanning cml test.cm library cml basis.cm is stable library cml cml.cm is stable parsing cml test.cm cml test.sml creating directory .cm SKEL library cml cml internal.cm is stable library cml core cml.cm is stable library SMLNJ BASIS basis.cm is stable compiling cml test.cm cml test.sml creating directory .cm GUID creating directory .cm x86 unix code 2170, data 42, env 2561 bytes scanning 18518 export.cm scanning 18518 export.cm cml test.cm parsing 18518 export.cm 18518 export.sml compiling 18518 export.cm 18518 export.sml code 309, data 37, env 42 bytes heap2exec cml test.x86 linux cml test . cml test hello, world External links http cml.cs.uchicago.edu The language homepage Category ML programming language family Category Programming languages created in the 1990s fr Concurrent ML ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 Concurrent MetateM is a Multi agent system multi agent language in which each agent is programmed using a set of augmented temporal logic specifications of the behaviour it should exhibit. These specifications are executed directly to generate the behaviour of the agent. As a result, there is no risk of invalidating the logic as with systems where logical specification must first be translated to a lower level implementation. The root of the MetateM concept is Gabbay s separation theorem any arbitrary temporal logic formula can be rewritten in a logical equivalence logically equivalent past &rarr future form. Execution proceeds by a process of continually matching rules against a history, and firing those rules when antecedent s are satisfied. Any instantiated future time consequents become commitments which must subsequently be satisfied, iteratively generating a model for the formula made up of the program rules. Temporal Connectives The Temporal Connectives of Concurrent MetateM can divided into two categories, as follows Strict past time connectives weak last , strong last , was , heretofore , S since , and Z zince, or weak since . Present and future time connectives next , sometime , always , U until , and W unless . The connectives , , , , , , are unary the remainder are binary. Strict past time connectives Weak last is satisfied now if was true in the previous time. If is interpreted at the beginning of time, it is satisfied despite there being no actual previous time. Hence weak last. Strong last is satisfied now if was true in the previous time. If is interpreted at the beginning of time, it is not satisfied because there is no actual previous time. Hence strong last. Was is satisfied now if was true in any previous moment in time. Heretofore is satisfied now if was true in every previous moment in time ... intelligence Comp sci stub DEFAULTSORT Concurrent Metatem ... more details
refimprove date October 2011 Concurrent powers are those powers in nations with a federalism federal system of government that are shared by both the state and the federal government. They may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens. They are contrasted with reserved powers . Examples of the concurrent powers enjoyed by both the federal and state governments are the power to tax, build roads, establish bankruptcy laws, and create lower courts. ref http www.claremont.org repository doclib Encyclopedia 20Amer 20Const 20Arts.pdf The Encyclopedia of the America Constitution ref See also Implied powers Enumerated powers References reflist DEFAULTSORT Concurrent Powers Category Federalism Category Constitutional law government stub ... more details
Wiktionary concurrent enrolment Concurrent enrolment British English BE or concurrent enrollment American English AE is a program through which students earn college credit for courses taken during high school . Students enroll at a university or college to attain high school and or college credit for these courses. ref citeweb url http www.chickasaweducationservices.com index 146.htm title Glossary Terms author Chickasaw Nation Higher Education date 2008 04 14 ref More broadly, it can refer to a student taking multiple courses simultaneously at different educational institutions. ref citeweb url http catalog.gvsu.edu content.php?catoid 10&navoid 269 title Glossary of Terms author Grand Valley State University date 2008 06 29 ref Technically, according to http www.nacep.org National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships NACEP , which accredits these programs, concurrent enrollment refers to high school college partnerships that offer high school students the opportunity to take college courses in their high schools during the regular school day and the courses are taught by trained high school teachers. For related information please see Dual enrollment . Concurrent enrollment is designed for highly motivated students who are willing to work hard to achieve success in college courses while they are still in high school. Most CEPs provide guidelines for high schools to follow in terms of which students are recommended to take these courses. Guidelines vary from program ... limited to seniors. Although concurrent enrollment allows Intellectual giftedness gifted students ... also Continuing education Gifted education National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships NACEP References reflist External links http www.nacep.org NACEP National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships http www.cce.umn.edu cis research concurrent.html Research done on concurrent enrolment ... schooloptions concurrent.htm Information from the Victorian Government on concurrent enrolment http ... more details
In computer science , the number of concurrent users for a resource in a location, with the location being a computing computer network network or a single computer, refers to the total number of person people using the resource within predefined period of time. The resource can, for example, be a computer program , a Computer file file , or the computer as a whole. Citation needed date February 2007 A computer operating system that allows several users to access a resource on the computer at the same time is a multiuser computer multitasking multitasking operating system, historically called a time sharing operating system. The capacity of a system can also be measured in terms of maximum concurrent users, at which point system performance begins to degrade noticeably. Citation needed date February 2007 Commercial vendors often Software licensing license a software product by means of a concurrent users restriction. This allows a fixed number of users access to the product at a given time, and is in contrast with an unlimited user license. ref http www.eweek.com article2 0,1895,1870137,00.asp Study shows enterprises favor concurrent user software licenses , www.eweek.com, 12 October 2005 accessed 20 January 2007 ref Concurrent user licensing allows firms to purchase computer systems and software at a lower cost because the maximum number of concurrent users expected to use the system or software at any given time those users all logged in together is only a portion of the total system users employed at a company. The concurrent licenses are global and shared by anyone who needs to use the system. This contrasts with named seats licensing in which one license must be purchased ... only 275 concurrent user licenses since there will never be more than 275 users on the system ... at the discretion of the vendor selling the product. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Concurrent User Category Computing terminology de Concurrent User Lizenzmodell ... more details
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