A3 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub es Caja A3 ... more details
A5 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub es Caja A5 ... more details
Z is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub ... more details
A2 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub ... more details
C2 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub ... more details
C1 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub ... more details
E1 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub es Caja E1 ... more details
G1 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist Insulingene regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub ... more details
E2 is a regulatory sequence for the insulingene ref Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309 326, year 2002. Regulation of insulingene transcription ref References reflist regulatory sequences Category Regulatory sequences biochemistry stub es Caja E2 ... more details
PBB geneid 51289 Relaxin insulin like family peptide receptor 3 , also known as RXFP3 , is a human G protein coupled receptor . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene RXFP3 relaxin insulin like family peptide receptor 3 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 51289 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text See also Relaxin receptor References reflist External links cite web url http www.iuphar db.org GPCR ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID 3024 title Relaxin Family Peptide Receptors RXFP3 accessdate author authorlink coauthors date format work IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels publisher International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology pages language archiveurl archivedate quote Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Bathgate RA, Ivell R, Sanborn BM, et al. title Receptors for relaxin family peptides. journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. volume 1041 issue pages 61 76 year 2005 pmid 15956688 doi 10.1196 annals.1282.010 cite journal author Bathgate RA, Ivell R, Sanborn BM, et al. title International Union of Pharmacology LVII recommendations for the nomenclature of receptors ... cite journal author Liu C, Chen J, Kuei C, et al. title Relaxin 3insulin like peptide 5 chimeric ... RA, Summers RJ title Responses of GPCR135 to human gene3 H3 relaxin in CHO K1 cells determined by microphysiometry ... receptors. journal Gene volume 248 issue 1 2 pages 183 9 year 2000 pmid 10806363 doi 10.1016 ... of relaxin 3 INSL7 as an endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein coupled receptor GPCR135 journal ... Gene Collection MGC journal Genome Res. volume 14 issue 10B pages 2121 7 year 2004 pmid 15489334 ... Category G protein coupled receptors The PBB Controls template provides controls for Protein Box ... no update protein box yes update summary yes update citations yes sr RXFP3 ... more details
2 of insulingene E2 USF1 USF2 A box3 of insulingene A3 Pdx1 CREB cAMP response element CREB RE CREB cAMP response element CREB RE CREB , CREM A box 2 of insulingene A2 CAAT enhancer binding CEB partly overlapping A2 and C1 C box 1 of insulingene C1 E box 1 of insulingene E1 E2A , NeuroD1 , TCF12 HEB A box 1 of insulingene A1 Pdx1 G box 1 of insulingene G1 Protein structure See also Insulin ... of insulingene transcription journal Diabetologia volume 45 issue 3 pages 309 26 year 2002 pmid ... DBP gene Par1 A box 5 of insulingene A5 Pdx1 negative regulatory element NRE ref name pmid17150186 ... doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2006.11.074 ref glucocorticoid receptor , POU2F1 Oct1 Z box of insulingene ... insulin is especially close to the human version. Gene The proinsulin precursor of insulin is encoded by the INS gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene INS insulin url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... of the human insulingene journal Nature volume 284 issue 5751 pages 26 32 year 1980 month March ... at the 5 region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3 region. ref name entrez Regulation Several regulatory sequence s in the Promoter biology promoter region of the human insulingene bind to transcription ... IK title Glucocorticoid receptor mediated repression of human insulingene expression is regulated by PGC ... transcription transcription from the insulingene In mRNA stability At the mRNA translation In the posttranslational ... thumb 250px Insulin release from pancreas oscillates with a period of 3&ndash 6 minutes. ref ... issue 1 pages 3 48 year 1988 month May pmid 3046672 doi url issn ref Physiological effects File Insulin ... the gene for human insulin into plants and in producing insulin in them, to be specific safflower ...About the insulin protein uses of insulin in treating diabetes insulin therapy Distinguish inulin PBB geneid 3630 Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver , muscle , and fat cell fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood ... more details
Summary album cover fur REQUIRED Article Gene Harris of the Three Sounds Use Infobox HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source Cover scan ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Name Gene Harris of the Three Sounds Artist Gene Harris Label Blue Note Graphic Artist Item Type Website Owner Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Portion Low resolution Purpose Replaceability other information Licensing Non free album cover ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale video game cover Article Tropico 3 Use Infobox Choose Infobox Header Section Artist other specify Purpose ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Name Tropico 3 Distributor Publisher Type Website http www.giantbomb.com news my new favorite box art tropico 3 1622 Owner Haemimont Games and Kalypso Media Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Source Portion Low resolution Purpose Must be specified if Use is not Infobox Header Section Artist Replaceability other information Licensing Non free game cover Windows Xbox 360 ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article ARMA 3 Description This is the box art for ARMA 3 . The copyright is believed to belong to Bohemia Interactive Studio or the artist. Source May be found at the following website http www.gamefaqs.com pc 631143 arma 3 images box 210934 GameFAQs.com Portion The entire cover because the image is cover art, a form of product packaging, the entire image is needed to identify the product, properly convey the meaning and branding intended, and avoid tarnishing or misrepresenting the image. The bottom text was removed from the GameFAQs image as the box art released through Games Press did not contain any text at the bottom. Low resolution The copy is of sufficient resolution for commentary and identification but lower resolution than the original cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, unsuitable as artwork on pirate versions or other uses that would compete with the commercial purpose of the original artwork. Purpose Main infobox. The image is used for identification in the context of critical commentary of the work for which it serves as cover art. It makes a significant contribution to the user s understanding of the article, which could not practically be conveyed by words alone. The image is placed in the infobox at the top of the article discussing the work, to show the primary visual image associated with the work, and to help the user quickly identify the work and know they have found what they are looking for. Use for this purpose does not compete with the purposes of the original artwork, namely to market the product. Replaceability As cover art, the image is not replaceable by free content any other image that shows the packaging would also be copyrighted, and any version that is not true to the original would be inadequate for identification or commentary. other information Use of the cover art in the article complies with Wikipedia WP Non free content non free content policy and fair use under Fair use United ... more details
Summary A picture of the former Dudley Freightliner Terminal signal box s remnants in 2002, more than 10 years after it was closed and destroyed by arsonists. Licensing self cc by 3.0 Category Rail transport images Category Images of England Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Description Cover art of the game Bases Loaded 3 for NES. Fair use in Bases Loaded 3 Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because TOSE has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information. The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article. The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality. The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way. Licensing Non free game cover NES ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article Halo 3 ODST Description Cover art to the Halo 3 semi expansion Halo 3 ODST Bungie 2009 . Source G4TV , http g4tv.com images 2380 E3 2009 Halo ODST 42376 Portion Entire cover, minus wrappertext and system branding. Low resolution Yes scaled to 256px wide, the largest file size standard size for tl Infobox VG . Image is in total less than .1 megapixel resolution copies made from this one would be inferior to the higher resolution source, and would be infeasible for illicit pirate purposes. Purpose To illustrate the cover art for the game, and the form the game is marketed as. The image provides a universal point of reference that informs readers they have reached the proper page. Replaceability None other information 2009 Bungie Microsoft Use of the image in the article complies with Wikipedia WP NFCC non free content policy and fair use under United States copyright law as described above. Licensing Non free game cover Xbox 360 Category Non free Halo images ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article Gears of War 3 Description Cover art for Gears of War 3 Epic Games 2011 . Source VG247 , http www.vg247.com 2011 02 24 wars new face epic explains gears 3s cover art Portion Entire cover. Low resolution Yes scaled to 280px wide, 30px wider than the largest file size standard size for tl Infobox VG in order to show various detailed aspects of the art http www.vg247.com 2011 02 24 wars new face epic explains gears 3s cover art described . Image is in total less than .1 megapixel resolution copies made from this one would be inferior to the higher resolution source, and would be infeasible for illicit pirate purposes. Purpose To illustrate the cover art for the game, and the form the game is marketed as. The image provides a universal point of reference that informs readers they have reached the proper page. Replaceability None other information 2011 Epic Games Microsoft Game Studios Use of the image in the article complies with Wikipedia WP NFCC non free content policy and fair use under United States copyright law as described above. Licensing Non free game cover Xbox 360 Category Gears of War ... more details
Summary album cover fur REQUIRED Article The 3 Sounds album Use Infobox HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source AMG ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Name The 3 Sounds Artist Gene Harris Label Blue Note Graphic Artist Item Type Website Owner Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Portion Low resolution Purpose Replaceability other information Licensing Non free album cover ... more details
Multiple issues primarysources March 2010 unreferenced December 2009 expert March 2010 NPH insulin or neutral ... insulin , is an intermediate acting insulin given to help control the blood sugar level of those with diabetes. NPH was created in 1936 when Novo Nordisk Nordisk formulated isophane porcine insulin by adding neutral protamine to regular insulin. This is a suspension of crystalline zinc insulin ... duration of action, meaning longer than that of regular insulin, and shorter than ultralente , Insulin glargine glargine or Insulin detemir detemir . History Hans Christian Hagedorn 1888 1971 and August Krogh 1874 1949 obtained the rights for insulin from Frederick Banting Banting and Charles ... and B. Norman Jensen discovered that the effects of injected insulin could be prolonged by the addition of protamine obtained from the milt or semen of river trout. The insulin would be added to the protamine ... bok insulin, a mixture of zinc , protamine and porcine insulin. This mixture only needed to be shaken before injection. In 1946, Nordisk was able to form crystals of protamine and insulin and marketed it in 1950 as NPH insulin. NPH insulin has the advantage that it can be mixed with an insulin that has ... on the market today, because manufacturers sell a variety of premixed insulin formulations. However ... injected subcutaneously, and a majority of head to head comparisons with Lente insulin usually found ... replaced by synthetic, Recombinant DNA recombinant human insulin. Synthetic human insulin is also complexed with protamine to form NPH. NPH insulin is cloudy and has an onset of 3 4 hours. Its peak is 4 9 hours and its duration is about 15 hours. Administration NPH insulin may be combined with faster acting insulin to allow more accurate dosing and better blood sugar level control. When administered this way, the two insulin types will normally be combined in the same syringe. NPH and fast acting insulin bind when mixed, so they should not be combined until it is time to inject. Patients are instructed ... more details
month Dec. title Alternative splicing, gene localization, and binding of SH2 B to the insulin receptor ...Use dmy dates date July 2011 PBB geneid 3643 In molecular biology , the insulin receptor is a transmembrane receptor transmembrane receptor proteomics receptor that is activated by insulin . ref name pmid19274663 cite journal author Ward CW, Lawrence MC title Ligand induced activation of the insulin ... and two beta subunits make up the insulin receptor . The beta subunits pass through the cellular membrane and are linked by disulfide bond s. The alpha and beta subunits are encoded by a single genegene INSR . The insulin receptor has also recently been designated CD220 cluster of differentiation 220 . Function Image insulin glucose metabolism.jpg left thumbnail 400px Effect of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism. Insulin binds to its receptor 1 , which, in turn, starts many protein activation ... of glucose 3 , glycogen synthesis 4 , glycolysis 5 , and fatty acid synthesis 6 . Tyrosine kinase receptors , including the insulin receptor , mediate their activity by causing the addition of a phosphate ... by the Insulin Receptor include a protein called IRS 1 for insulin receptor substrate ... transporter Glut4 molecules on the outer membrane of insulin responsive tissues, including muscle ... activity of activation of the insulin receptor is inducing glucose uptake. For this reason insulin insensitivity , or a decrease in insulin receptor signaling, leads to diabetes mellitus type 2 the cells ... , and all the sequelae that result from diabetes. Patients with insulin resistance may display acanthosis nigricans . A few patients with homozygous mutations in the INSR gene have been described ... non functional insulin receptor. These patients have low set, often protuberant, ears, flared nostrils ... gene cause the less severe Rabson Mendenhall syndrome , in which patients have characteristically abnormal ... severe insulin resistance journal Hum. Mol. Genet. volume 11 issue 12 pages 1465 75 year 2002 pmid ... more details
insulin resistance, and vice versa. ref cite journal title Dietary n 6 and n 3 polyunsaturated ... insulin resistance journal Gastroenterology volume 138 issue 3 pages 932 941.e3 year 2010 pmid ... expression of the insulin responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 gene effects on transcription ...Expert subject Medicine date December 2009 Infobox Disease Name Insulin resistance Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1173 MeshName Insulin Resistance MeshNumber C18.452.394.968.500 Insulin resistance IR is a physiological condition where the natural hormone insulin becomes less effective at lowering blood sugars. The resulting increase in blood ... conditions. Certain cell types such as fat and muscle cell biology cells require insulin to absorb glucose. When these cells fail to respond adequately to circulating insulin, blood glucose levels ... of insulin. This normal reduction in the liver s glucose production may not occur in people with insulin resistance. Citation needed date October 2010 Insulin resistance in muscle and fat cells reduces ... , whereas insulin resistance in liver cells results in reduced glycogen synthesis and storage and a failure to suppress glucose production and release into the blood. Insulin resistance normally refers to reduced glucose lowering effects of insulin. However, other functions of insulin can also be affected. For example, insulin resistance in adipose tissue fat cells reduces the normal effects of insulin ... plasma . Elevated blood fatty acid concentrations associated with insulin resistance and diabetes ... all contribute to elevated blood glucose levels. High plasma levels of insulin and glucose due to insulin resistance are a major component of the metabolic syndrome . If insulin resistance exists, more insulin needs to be secreted by the pancreas. If this compensatory increase does not occur, blood ... date October 2010 Signs and symptoms Original research section discuss Talk Insulin resistance Original ... more details
about 5 to 8 hours. Intermediate acting, such as NPH insulin NPH starts working in 1 to 3 hours ...About uses of insulin in treating diabetes the insulin protein insulin Image Suckale08 fig3 glucose insulin ... hormone insulin blue in humans during the course of a day containing three meals. In addition, the effect of a sucrose sugar rich versus a starch rich meal is highlighted. Insulin therapy is the treatment of diabetes by administration of exogenous insulin . Insulin is used medically to treat ... on external insulin most commonly Injection medicine Subcutaneous injection injected subcutaneously ... mellitus type 2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus are insulin resistance insulin resistant , have relatively low insulin production, or both certain patients with Type 2 diabetes may eventually require insulin ... of Insulin Preparations ref cite web url https secure.pharmacytimes.com lessons 200510 03.asp title Pharmacist s Guide to Insulin Preparations A Comprehensive Review author Takiya, Lisa, Dougherty ... colspan 1 bgcolor azure colspan 3 bgcolor azure A Chain Position ... Lysine Thr Threonine Ilc Isoleucine Glu Glutamine Gly Glycine Insulin is required for all animal life ... across evolutionary time. Insulin must be administered to patients who experience such a deprivation. Clinically, this condition is called diabetes mellitus type 1 . The initial sources of insulin for clinical use in humans were cow , horse , pig or fish pancreases. Insulin from these sources is effective in humans as it is nearly identical to human insulin three amino acid difference in bovine insulin, one amino acid difference in porcine . Differences in suitability of beef , pork , or fish derived insulin for individual patients have historically been due to lower preparation purity resulting in allergic reactions to the presence of non insulin substances. Though purity has improved steadily ... types of allergic reactions have also been known to occur in response to synthetic human insulin ... more details
url http www.medscape.com druginfo monograph?cid med&drugid 20805&drugname Insulin Glargine SubQ&monotype monograph&secid 3 title Monograph Insulin Glargine Dosage & Administration work American Society ...Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 451564772 IUPAC name Recombinant human insulin Clinical ... O S Insulin degludec is a ultralong acting basal insulin analogue being developed by Novo Nordisk . It is injected ... by current marketed long acting insulins such as insulin glargine and insulin detemir . ref name dic ... news for novos thrice weekly insulin&catid 1&Itemid 8 title Good News for Novo s Thrice Weekly Insulin ... www.businessweek.com news 2010 06 25 novo s degludec insulin as effective as lantus with fewer doses.html title Novo s Degludec Insulin as Effective as Lantus With Fewer Doses work Bloomberg Businessweek ... have shown that patients taking insulin degludec needed to take significantly smaller doses of basal rate basal insulin than those taking insulin glargine, while achieving similar blood glucose levels. Insulin degludec also has the ability to be mixed with other insulins, thereby improving glycemic ... that retains the smooth control of a long acting basal with rapid acting mealtime control from insulin aspart . This 2 component insulin retains the ultralow risk characteristics of degludec with simultaneous ... title Novel Ultralong Acting Insulin as Effective as Insulin Glargine author Lowry, Fran work Medscape accessdate 2010 11 07 ref blockquote Insulin degludec is currently in Phase III clinical trials ... Data For Long acting Insulin Degludec Show Lower Day to day Variability Compared To Insulin Glargine ... 2010 11 07 ref Novo Nordisk hopes to begin marketing the insulin analog in 2013. ref name reuters2 ... work Reuters title New Novo insulin fails to knock out rival Sanofi author Hirschler, Ben date ... pipeline.asp?showid 4 Novo Nordisk http druginfo.nlm.nih.gov drugportal dpdirect.jsp?name Insulin degludec U.S. National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal Insulin degludec Oral hypoglycemics ... more details
More footnotes date March 2010 Image Insulin pump and infusion set.JPG thumb right 300px Insulin pump ... set shown here removed from the pump . Image Insulin pump reservoir.jpg thumb right 300px Filling an insulin pump reservoir. Left to right 1 Reservoir in sterile packaging. 2 Filling the reservoir. 3 Reservoir with needle and plunger removed, ready for attachment to infusion set. Image standard ... right 300px Image super bolus.JPG thumb right 300px The insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus , also known as continuous Subcutaneous tissue subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. The device includes the pump itself including controls, processing module, and batteries a disposable reservoir for insulin inside the pump a disposable ... system to interface the insulin reservoir to the cannula. An insulin pump is an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin by syringe Standard U 100 insulin syringes insulin syringe or an insulin pen and allows for intensive insulin therapy when used in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring and carb counting. Setting up To use an insulin pump, the reservoir must first be filled with insulin ... with the insulin prescribed for the user usually Insulin glulisine Apidra , Insulin lispro Humalog , Insulin ... Withdrawing the plunger Inserting the needle into a vial of insulin Injecting the air from the reservoir into the vial to prevent a vacuum forming in the vial as insulin is withdrawn Drawing insulin into the reservoir ... the assembly into the pump and priming the tubing pushing insulin and any air bubbles through the tubing . This is done with the pump disconnected from the body to prevent accidental insulin delivery ... An insulin pump allows the replacement of slow acting insulin for basal needs with a continuous infusion of rapid acting insulin. The insulin pump delivers a single type of fast acting insulin in two ways ref http www.diabetes.co.uk insulinInsulin pumps.html Insulin pumps ref a Bolus medicine bolus ... more details
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