Infobox Journal title Molecular Cell cover editor discipline Cell biology , molecular biological abbreviation Mol. Cell publisher Cell Press country frequency history 1997 present openaccess license impact impact year website http www.cell.com molecular cell link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS http www.cell.com molecular cell rss atom JSTOR OCLC 38065664 LCCN CODEN ISSN 1097 2765 eISSN boxwidth Molecular Cell publishes research articles and review material that focus on analyzes at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new mechanistic insights. Launched in 1997, Molecular Cell publishes 24 issues a year. The impact factor of Molecular Cell in 2009 is 14.608. Category Publications established in 1997 Category Molecular and cellular biology journals biology journal stub fr Molecular Cell ... more details
refimprove date June 2011 sections date June 2011 The molecular structure of a substance is described by the combination of nuclei and electrons that comprise its constitute molecules. This includes the molecular geometry essentially the arrangement, in space, of the equilibrium positions of the constituent atoms in reality, these are in a state of constant vibration, at temperatures above absolute zero , the electronic properties of the bonds, and further molecular properties. The determination of molecular structure uses a multitude of experimental methods, that include X ray diffraction , electron diffraction , many kinds of optical spectroscopy , nuclear magnetic resonance , electron spin resonance , and mass spectrometry . The prediction and explanation of molecular structure uses quantum theory of valency and methods of molecular modeling. The term molecular structure extends to multi molecular complexes. ref Molecular structure entry in AccessScience, the McGraw Hill online Dictionary of Science, http www.accessscience.com popup.aspx?id 63878&name def ref References reflist Category Molecules ... more details
Context date October 2009 A molecular probe is a group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in molecular genetics to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by molecular Nucleic acid hybridization hybridization ref cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?molecular probes title Cancerweb Molecular Probe Definition ref . Common Probes Digoxigenin See also Empty section date July 2010 References Reflist 3 External links MeshName Molecular Probes MeshName Molecular Probe Techniques Molecular probes Category Molecular biology Category Biochemistry biochem stub pl Sonda molekularna ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2011 For the medical journal Molecular Oncology journal Molecular oncology is an interdisciplinary medical speciality at the interface of medicinal chemistry and oncology that refers to the investigation of the chemistry of cancer and tumor s at the molecule molecular scale. Chemistry stub Oncology stub Category Medicinal chemistry Category Oncology ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 A Molecular spacer or simply a spacer in chemistry is any flexible part of a molecule providing a connection between two other parts of a molecule. References reflist Category Molecular geometry chemistry stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A molecular lesion is damage to the structure of a biomolecule biological molecule such as DNA , enzyme s, or protein s that results in reduction or absence of normal function or, in rare cases, the gain of a new function. Lesions in DNA consist of breaks and other changes in the chemical structure of the helix see types of DNA lesions while lesions in proteins consist of both broken bonds and improper protein folding folding of the amino acid chain. DEFAULTSORT Molecular Lesion Category Molecular biology Biochem stub ca Lesi molecular ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Image C C energy.png right thumb illustrative example of C C length molecular energy dependece, numerical accuracy is not guaranteed Image C C C energy.png right thumb illustrative example of C C C angle molecular energy dependece, numerical accuracy is not guaranteed Image C C C C energy.png right thumb illustrative example of C C C C torsion molecular energy dependence, numerical accuracy is not guaranteed A Molecular spring is a device or part of a biological system based on molecular mechanics and is associated with molecular vibration . Any molecule can be deformed in several ways A A bond length, A A A angle, A A A A torsion angle. Deformed molecule store energy, which can be released and cause mechanical work as the molecule return into its optimal geometrical Chemical structure conformation . The term molecular string is usually used in nano science and molecular biology, however theoretically also macroscopic molecular springs can be considered, if it is manufactured. Such a device composed for example of arranged ultra high molecular mass polymer fibres Helicene , Polyacetylene could store extraordinary 0.1 10MJ kg in comparison to 0.0003MJ kg of clockwork spring amount of energy which can be stored and released almost instantly, with high energy conversion efficiency . The amount of energy storable in molecular spring is limited by the value of deformation the molecule can withstand until it undergoes chemical change . Manufacturing of such macroscopic ... and molecular arrangement of such long polymer molecules. In addition, the force needed to draw molecular string to its maximum length could be impractically high comparable to the tensile strength of particular polymer molecule 100GPa for some carbon compounds See also Ultra high molecular ... AG Linke PDF Histol&Histopathol reprint.pdf Stretching molecular springs elasticity of titin ... of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Category Nanotechnology Category Molecular physics nano tech stub ... more details
Molecular Playground is a project initiated by researchers at University of Massachusetts Amherst whose goal is to expose the molecular aspect of nature to the public by the use of a system which displays interactive molecule simulations in public areas. File Molecular playground.jpg thumb alt Projected display displaying simulation. Molecular Playground displaying how Ritonavir binds to HIV 1 protease External Links http molecularplayground.org Official project website US edu stub Category University of Massachusetts Amherst ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In genetics, a molecular marker identified as genetic marker is a fragment of DNA sequence that is associated to a part of the genome . Molecular markers are used in molecular biology and biotechnology experiments where they use to identify a particular sequence of DNA. As the DNA sequences are very highly specific, they can be identified with the help of the known molecular markers which can find out a particular sequence of DNA from a group of unknown. See also Biomarker DEFAULTSORT Molecular Marker Category Chemical compounds Category Authentication methods Science stub fr Marqueur mol culaire it Marcatore molecolare sr ... more details
Image Molecular shuttle illustration commons.png thumbnail 200px An example of a molecular shuttle where the macrocyle green moves between two stations yellow . A molecular shuttle in supramolecular chemistry is a special type of molecular machine capable of Shuttle weaving shuttling molecules or ions from one location to another. This field is of relevance to nanotechnology in its quest for nanoscale electronic components and also to biology where many biochemical functions are based on molecular shuttles. Academic interest also exists for synthetic molecular shuttles, the first prototype reported in 1991 based on a rotaxane ref A molecular shuttle Pier Lucio Anelli, Neil Spencer, and J. Fraser Stoddart J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991 113 13 pp 5131 5133 DOI 10.1021 ja00013a096 ref . This device is based on a molecular thread composed of a ethyleneglycol chain interrupted by two arene compound arene groups acting as so called stations . The terminal units or stoppers on this wire are bulky triisopropylsilyl groups. The bead is a tetracationic cyclophane based on two bipyridine groups and two phenylene para phenylene groups. The bead is locked to one of the stations by pi pi interaction s but since the activation energy for migration from one station to the other station is only 13 Calorie kcal mole unit mol 54 kilojoule kJ mol the bead shuttles between them. The stoppers prevent the bead from slipping from the thread. Chemical synthesis of this device is based on molecular self assembly from a preformed thread and two bead fragments 32 chemical yield . align center class wikitable Image MolecularShuttleReaction.png 300px molecular shuttle 1991 components Image MolecularShuttleAssembled.png 300px Molecular shuttle molecular shuttle components Molecular shuttle In certain molecular switch es the two stations are non degenerate. References Reflist Category Supramolecular chemistry Category Molecular machines it Navetta molecolare ... more details
According to the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology Gold Book ref GoldBookRef title molecular entity file M03986 ref a molecular entity is any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom , molecule , ion , ion pair, Radical chemistry radical , radical ion, complex chemistry complex , conformer , etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity . Molecular entity is used as a general term for any singular entity, irrespective of its nature, in order to concisely express any type of chemical particle that can exemplify some process for example, atoms, molecules, ions, etc. can all undergo a chemical reaction . Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Again from IUPAC The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. For example hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and or Molecular vibration vibrational state and or nuclear spin , etc. of the hydrogen molecule. Notes and references references Category Chemical nomenclature ca Entitat molecular it Entit molecolare nl Moleculaire entiteit pl Indywiduum chemiczne ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecule s, the chemical bond s between atom s as well as the molecular dynamics . Its most important experimental techniques are the various types of spectroscopy . The field is closely related to atomic physics and overlaps greatly with theoretical chemistry , physical chemistry and chemical physics . Additionally to the electronic excitation states which are known from atoms, molecules are able to rotate and to vibrate. These rotations and vibrations are quantized, there are discrete energy level s. The smallest energy differences exist between different rotational states, therefore pure rotational Spectrum spectra are in the far infrared region about 30 150 m wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum . Vibrational spectra are in the near infrared about 1 5 m and spectra resulting from electronic transitions are mostly in the visible and ultraviolet regions. From measuring rotational and vibrational spectra properties of molecules like the distance between the nuclei can be calculated. One important aspect of molecular physics is that the essential atomic orbital theory in the field of atomic physics expands to the molecular orbital theory. See also portal Physics Born Oppenheimer Approximation Molecular energy state Molecular modelling Molecular modeling Rigid rotor Spectroscopy DEFAULTSORT Molecular Physics Category Molecular physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics atomic physics stub ar be bg ca F sica molecular cs Molekulov fyzika de Molek lphysik es F sica molecular fa gl F sica molecular id Fisika molekular it Fisica molecolare he kk lt Molekulin fizika ms Fizik molekul nl Molecuulfysica ja no Molekylfysikk uz Molekular fizika pl Fizyka molekularna pt F sica molecular ru sr sv Molekylfysik tr Molek ler ... more details
Molecular memory is a term for data storage device data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. Electronic circuit circuits , magnetics , inorganic materials or physical shapes. ref Molecular Memory and Processing Devices in Solution and on Surfaces A.N. Shipway, E. Katz and I. Willner, Structure and Bonding 2001 99 237 281. ref The molecular component can be described as a molecular switch , and may perform this function by any of several mechanisms, including charge physics charge storage, photochromism , or changes in capacitance . In a perfect molecular memory device, each individual molecule contains a bit of data, leading to massive data capacity. However, practical devices are more likely to use large numbers of molecules for each bit, in the manner of 3D optical data storage many examples of which can be considered molecular memory devices . The term molecular memory is most often used to mean indicate very fast, electronically addressed solid state data storage, as is the term computer memory . At present, molecular memories are still found only in laboratories. Examples One approach to molecular memories is based on special compounds such as porphyrin based polymer s which are capable of storing electric charge . Once a certain voltage threshold is achieved the material oxidation oxidizes , releasing an electric charge. The process is reversible, in effect creating an electric capacitor . The properties of the material allow for a much greater capacitance per unit area than with conventional DRAM memory, thus potentially ... Hewlett Packard , ZettaCore have announced work on molecular memories, which some hope will supplant ... research on non volatile memory non volatile molecular memories. ref cite web publisher National Aeronautics and Space Administration work Ames Research Center title Nonvolatile Molecular memory ... Reflist Category Computer memory Category Molecular electronics Category Nanoelectronics ... more details
Molecular epidemiology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiology , distribution ... kkr molepi.html title What is Molecular Epidemiology? date 28 July 1998 work Molecular Epidemiology ... from the integration of molecular biology into traditional epidemiologic research. Molecular epidemiology ... home scientists working groups task forces molecular epidemiology working group what is molecular epidemiology.aspx title What is Molecular Epidemiology? publisher aacr.org accessdate 2008 02 19 ref The phrase molecular epidemiology was first coined in 1973 by Kilbourne in an article entitled The molecular ... of the first book on Molecular Epidemiology Principles and Practice by Schulte and Perera. ref cite book title Molecular Epidemiology Principles and Practice last Schulte first Paul ... At the heart of this book is the impact of advances in molecular research that have given rise to and enable the measurement and exploitation of the biomarker as a vital tool to link traditional molecular .... Since Kilbourne s use of the term molecular epidemiology there has been a steady growth ..., genetics, enzymology as well as molecular and cell biology in relation to disease, all of which lend themselves, but which may not be recognised as, to the concepts and philosophies of molecular epidemiology. In 1993, around the same time as Schulte and Perera published their book on Molecular Epidemiology there was also the formation of the International Molecular Epidemiology Task Force IMETAF ... in a period of very dynamic change in terms of the molecular and genetic revolution that was underway ... is likely to have been a catalyst to the consideration of Molecular Epidemiology at more manageable ... in 1996 of the Molecular Epidemiological Group MEG UK of the United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society ... in embracing the term Molecular Epidemiology in a broadest sense was the formation around the same ... more details
Molecular medicine is a broad field, where physical, chemical, biological and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms, identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of disease, and to develop molecular interventions to correct them. The molecular medicine perspective emphasizes cellular and molecular phenomena and interventions rather than the previous conceptual ... bib6 Integrating noninvasive molecular imaging into molecular medicine an evolving paradigm , Trends in Molecular Medicine , Vol. 13, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 183 191 ref In November, 1949, with the seminal paper, Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease , ref L Pauling, H Itano, SJ Singer, I Wells ... Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease . Science , 25 November 1949, vol. 110, no. 2865, pp. 543 548. ref ... the field of molecular medicine. ref BJ Strasser, http www.sciencemag.org cgi content summary 286 5444 1488 Perspectives Molecular Medicine , Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease Science ... 0 87983 893 0 ref a prescient book about genetics, prevention and treatment of disease on a molecular ... 2&ct result Principles of Molecular Medicine , 2nd ed, p. 53, Humana Press, 2006 ISBN 1588292029 ... ref introduced and defined this view of molecular medicine that focuses on natural and nutritional ... biological revolution that introduced many new techniques and commercial applications. ref Molecular ... ref Molecular medicine is a new scientific discipline in European universities . Combining contemporary ... , biotechnology and many more besides. In some universities molecular medicine is combined with another .... See also Molecular biology Medical biology Medical physics Medical chemistry Clinical Chemistry Pathology Virology Biochemistry Life Sciences Metabolomics Molecular Medicine journal Molecular Medicine ... Science journal website http www.molmed.org Molecular Medicine journal website http www.ucas.ac.uk UCAS website http www.sussex.ac.uk Units publications ugrad2006 degrees Molecular 20medicine University ... more details
Image peptide angles.png thumb right The backbone dihedral angle s are included in the molecular model of a protein . Image Hardware accelerated molecular modeling.png thumb Modelling of ionic liquid Molecular ... chemistry , computational biology and materials science for studying molecular systems ranging ... can be performed by hand, but inevitably computers are required to perform molecular modelling of any reasonably sized system. The common feature of molecular modelling techniques is the atomistic level description of the molecular systems the lowest level of information is individual atoms ... calculations where electrons are considered explicitly. The benefit of molecular modelling is that it reduces ... simulations. Molecular mechanics Molecular mechanics is one aspect of molecular modelling, as it refers ... the models. Molecular models typically describe atoms nucleus and electrons collectively as point charges ... that model the behaviour of the system with propagation of time are known as molecular dynamics . math ... the molecular potential energy as a sum of energy terms that describe the deviation of bond ... of molecular mechanics use different mathematical expressions and different parameters for the potential ... processes. A molecular dynamics simulation, on the other hand, computes the behaviour of a system ... a static picture for comparing between states of similar systems, while molecular dynamics ... as implicit solvation simulations. Applications Molecular modelling methods are now routinely ... molecular modelling include protein folding , enzyme catalysis , protein stability, conformational changes associated with biomolecular function , and molecular recognition of proteins, DNA , and membrane ... in Chemistry Force field implementation List of molecular graphics systems List of nucleic acid simulation software List of software for Monte Carlo molecular modeling List of software for Monte Carlo molecular modelling List of software for nanostructures modeling List of software for nanostructures ... more details
merge Cellular neuroscience discuss Talk Molecular neuroscience Merge with cellular neuroscience date December 2010 Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that examines the biology of the nervous system with molecular biology , molecular genetics , protein chemistry and related methodologies. ref Cite web last first authorlink coauthors title To the student Molecular neuroscience is the youngest of the major neuroscience subdisciplines, having been born a mere 15 years ago work publisher date url http www.cellbio.wustl.edu faculty huettner MOLNEUR.htm doi accessdate 2008 12 26 ref Molecular biology studies how deoxyribonucleic acid DNA forms ribonucleic acid RNA which makes protein. When molecular biology is studied to gain understanding of the nervous system , then this is the basis of molecular neuroscience. Molecular neuroscience studies ion channels, receptors, enzymes to understand neural function. Ionotropic receptors, metabotropic receptors, molecular anatomy, nervous system, neurogentive disease and molecular mechanismsneurotransmitter release, receptor cloning, signal transduction mechanisms, synaptic plasticity response, and voltage gated ion channels are a few of the fields studied by molecular neuroscientists. ref Cite book last Revest first Patricia editor others title Molecular Neuroscience url http books.google.com ?id Ek4Gq5jmQM4C&pg RA1 PA21&lpg RA1 PA21&dq 22Molecular neuroscience 22 definition format digitised by google books online accessdate 2008 12 26 year 1998 month publisher Taylor & Francis location language isbn 1859962505, 9781859962503 first2 Alan ,lastn Longstaff ref Major Topics Empty section date July 2010 Stem cells and related controversies Empty section date July 2010 See also Portal Neuroscience Acetylcholine receptor Agrin ... RNA Molecular cellular cognition NMDA receptor NPAS3 Neurotransmitter Non noradrenergic, non cholinergic ... Reflist DEFAULTSORT Molecular Neuroscience Category Molecular neuroscience neuroscience stub ar ... more details
Molecular surface may refer to one of the following. the van der Waals surface Accessible surface area any of isosurface s for a molecule Connolly surface disambig ... more details
weights in this image as opposed to deuterium oxide the molecular mass should be 18.01528 u. The molecular ... of one atom of the isotope carbon 12 ref http www.webqc.org mmcalc.php Calculate Molecular Weight Molar ... to the relative molecular mass M sub r sub of a molecule, frequently referred to by the term molecular ... number. Thus, it is incorrect to express relative molecular mass molecular weight in daltons Dalton unit Da . The terms molecular weight and molecular mass have been confused on numerous websites, which often state that molecular weight was used in the past as another term for molecular mass. Citation needed date July 2011 Molecular mass differs from more common measurements of the mass ... rather than the average isotopic distribution of many molecules. As a result, molecular mass .... The concept of molecular mass is important for all molecules, especially for complex molecules like polymers and biopolymers such as proteins and carbohydrates . The determination of their molecular ... . Definition There are varying interpretations of this definition. Many chemists use molecular ... only in units see average molecular mass below . A stricter interpretation does not equate the two ... of molecules may contain a variety of molecular masses due to natural isotope s, the average mass ... small when considering small molecules and the molecular mass of the most common isotopomer in which ... molecules or less Natural abundance abundant isotopomers. The molecular mass of a molecule which happens ... N sub A sub 6.022 141 79 30 10 sup 23 sup mol sup 1 sup . Average mass The average molecular mass sometimes abbreviated as average mass is another variation on the use of the term molecular mass. The average molecular mass is the abundance weighted mean average of the molecular masses in a Sample material sample . This is often closer to what is meant when molecular mass and molar mass are used synonym lousy and may have derived from shortening of this term. The average molecular mass and the molar ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Molecular Virology is the study of virus biology virus es at the molecular level. In particular, this includes the analysis of individual viral genes and gene products, and their interaction with host human, plant or animal cellular proteins. This may include molecular analysis of Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral immunology Viral Immuno evasion Viral vaccine s diagnosis Diagnostic methods Antiviral chemotherapy Infection control measures Virus outbreak s See also molecular biology phage , the virus of bacterium bacteria prokaryote s viral plaque List of publications in biology Virology Important publications in virology Virus classification DEFAULTSORT Molecular Virology Category Virology ja ... more details
Infobox Journal title Molecular Endocrinology cover File Molecular endocrinology cover.gif editor Donald B. DeFranco discipline Endocrinology language English language English abbreviation Mol. Endocrinol. publisher The Endocrine Society country United States frequency 12 year history 1987 present openaccess license impact 5.389 impact year 2008 website http mend.endojournals.org link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 13739260 LCCN QP187.3.M64 CODEN MOENEN ISSN 0888 8809 eISSN 1944 9917 boxwidth Molecular Endocrinology is a peer reviewed journal that publishes research on the molecular processes of hormones. ref http mend.endojournals.org misc about.shtml ref References reflist biology journal stub Category Publications established in 1987 Category Biology journals Category English language journals Category Monthly journals fr Molecular Endocrinology ... more details
one source date December 2010 Molecular biology Molecular biophysics is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary area of research that combines concepts in physics , chemistry , engineering , mathematics and biology . ref http pmcb.jhu.edu whatismb.html What is a molecular biophysics? ref It seeks to understand biomolecular systems and explain biological function in terms of molecular structure, structural organization, and dynamic behaviour at various levels of complexity from single molecules to supramolecular structures, virus es and small living systems . The technical challenges are formidable, and the discipline has required development of specialized equipment and procedures capable of imaging and manipulating minute living structures, as well as novel experimental approaches. See also Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran , one of the founders of molecular biophysics. citation needed date December 2010 Fabulous for the creation of the Ramachandran plot . ref cite journal pmid 13990617 year 1963 last1 Ramachandran first1 GN last2 Ramakrishnan first2 C last3 Sasisekharan first3 V title Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations volume 7 pages 95 9 journal Journal of molecular biology doi 10.1016 S0022 2836 63 80023 6 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Molecular Biophysics Category Interdisciplinary fields bs Molekularna biofizika ru ... more details
Molecular nanotechnology subfields A molecular machine , or nanomachine, ref name Satir2008 cite journal ... of molecular components that produce quasi mechanical movements output in response to specific stimuli ... Molecular Level Machines Which Energy To Make Them Work? year 2001 journal Acc. Chem. Res ... where a number of highly complex molecular machines have been proposed that are aimed at the goal of constructing a molecular assembler . Molecular machines can be divided into two broad categories synthetic and biological. Molecular systems capable of shifting a chemical or mechanical process ..., are examples of molecular machinery. Historical Insight and Studies There are two thought experiments that form the historical basis for molecular machines Maxwell s demon and Feynman s Ratchet ... over molecular scale distances because of molecular vibration redistributing the energy to other ..., using Brownian motion to power a molecular level machine does not provide any insight on how ... Insights and Studies Unlike macroscopic motion, molecular systems are constantly undergoing significant ... molecular motion is a far more difficult process. At the macroscopic level, many machines operate ... for a molecular system in a Brownian environment, molecular motion is similar to walking in a hurricane .... Therefore, like Feynman s strategy, when designing a molecular machine, it seems sensible to utilize Brownian motion rather than attempt to fight against it. Like macroscopic machines, molecular machines ... for molecular machines, it is misleading to draw analogies between their design strategy the dynamics ... molecular level machines is regulated by the second law of thermodynamics , with its often counter ... to harness Brownian motion, nature has provided us with several blueprints for molecular motion performing useful work. Nature has created many useful structures for compartmentalizing molecular ... to another. Examples of molecular machines From a synthetic perspective, there are two important ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 File Molecular Beacons.jpg thumb Structure of molecular beacons in their native conformations top or hybridized with a DNA strand bottom Molecular beacons are oligonucleotide hybridization probe s that can report the presence of specific nucleic acid s in homogenous solutions. The terms more often used is molecular beacon probes . Molecular beacons are hairpin shaped molecules with an internally quenched fluorophore whose fluorescence is restored when they bind to a target nucleic acid sequence. This is a novel non radioactive method for detecting specific sequences of nucleic acids. They are useful in situations where it is either not possible or desirable to isolate the probe target hybrids from an excess of the hybridization probes. Molecular beacon probes Image SNP Molecularprobe 1.png right A typical molecular beacon probe is 25 nucleotides long. The middle 15 nucleotides are complementary to the target DNA or RNA and do not base pair with one another, while the five nucleotides at each terminus are complementary to each other rather than to the target DNA. A typical molecular Beacon Structure can be divided in 4 parts Loop This is the 18 30 base pair region of the molecular beacon which is complementary to the target sequence. Stem The beacon stem is formed by the attachment, to both termini of the loop, of two short 5 to 7 nucleotide residues oligonucleotides that are complementary to each other. 5 fluorophore At the 5 end of the molecular beacon, a fluorescent dye is covalently attached. 3 quencher non fluorescent The quencher dye is covalently attached to the 3 end of the molecular beacon. When the beacon is in closed loop shape, the quencher ... acid sequence is present in the test sample. Synthesis main Oligonucleotide synthesis Molecular ... of a protected fluorescent dye. Applications of molecular beacons SNP detection Real time ... Fluorescence de Molecular Beacon es Balizas moleculares ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 unreferenced date February 2011 Infobox Company company name Molecular Devices company logo Image Molecular devices logo.png 150px centre Company logo company type Subsidiary parent Danaher Corporation Danaher foundation 1983 location Sunnyvale, California industry R&D homepage http www.moleculardevices.com www.moleculardevices.com Molecular Devices Corporation is a supplier of high performance bioanalytical measurement systems that accelerate and improve drug discovery and other life sciences research. Company history Founded in 1983, Molecular Devices introduced its first microplate reader in 1987 and since then has continually broadened its solution set through a combination of internal research and development efforts as well as strategic acquisitions. Molecular Devices acquired Universal Imaging Corporation in 2002, Axon Instruments in 2004, and Blueshift Technologies in 2008, broadening its portfolio to include electrophysiology products, scanners and analysis software for microarrays, and workstations for cell based screening using high resolution imaging. In March 2007, Molecular Devices was acquired by MDS, Inc. Toronto, Canada and became part of MDS Analytical Technologies. In February 2010, Danaher Corporation acquired MDS Analytical Technologies, and Molecular Devices, Inc. now operates within the Danaher Medical Technologies segment. About Molecular Devices Molecular Devices supplies high performance analytical systems, including instruments ..., Molecular Devices helps pharmaceutical and biotechnology as well as academic and government labs leverage advances in molecular, cellular, and systems science to understand normal and abnormal biological functions and discover and develop novel therapeutics and tests. Molecular Devices products ... enabled its customers to improve laboratory productivity and effectiveness. Molecular Devices is based ... links http www.moleculardevices.com Molecular Devices official website Category Biotechnology companies ... more details
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